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1. ( 4,1)
2. cent er at ( 1,2)

( )
2
2
1 2 2 8
5
1 2
r
+
= =
+

Equat ion of t he cir cle
( ) ( )
2 2
4 1 5 x y + + = or

2 2
8 2 12 0 x y x y + + + =

3. Equat ion of t he cir cle :

2 2
2 2
3 3 6 3 12
2 4 0
x y x ay
x y x ay
+ + =
+ + =

The circle has radius of 3.

( )
2
2
2
2
1 1
3 2 4
4 4
1
9 1 4
4
16
4
a
a
a
a
= + +
= + +
=
=


4. A circle has cent re ( 3,p) and radius 5.
This circle is t angent t o t he line 3 4 8 x y = .

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
3 3 4 8
5
3 4
25 17 4
25 17 4
p
p
p

=
+
=
=



25 17 4
4 42
1
10
2
p
p
p
=
=
=
or
25 17 4
4 8
2
p
p
p
=
=
=


5.

6.
2 2
4 6 12 0 x y x y + + =
The cent er is ( 2,- 3) and t he radius is

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
. 4 6 12
4 4
4 9 12 5
r = +
= + + =


7. Assume t he equat ion of t he circle is

2 2
0 x y Ax By C + + + + =
Passes t hrough ( 5,1) :
( ) 5 26. . . . . 1 A B C + =
Passes t hrough ( 1,1) :
( ) 2. . . . 2 A B C + =
Passes t hrough ( 2,0) :
( ) 2 4. . . . 3 A C + =

Eliminat e B from equat ions ( 1) and ( 2)


( )
5 26
2
4 2 28
2 14... 4
A B C
A B C
A C
A C
+ =
+ + =
+ =
=

Eliminat e C from equat ions ( 3) and ( 4)

2 4
2 14
4 10
5
2
A C
A C
A
A
+ =
=
=
=


C= 9 and B=
9
2


The equat ion of t he circle is

2 2
2 2
5 9
9 0
2 2
2 2 5 9 18 0
x y x y
x y x y
+ + + =
+ + + =


8. Point ( 1, a) lies on t he cir cle

2 2
12 2 21 0 x y y y + + =


( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 12 2 21 0
2 8 0
4 2 0
a a
a a
a a
+ + =
=
+ =


a = 4 or a = 2

9. The equat ion having cent re at ( 2,5) and t angent s t o
y axis.


2 2
2 0 5 0
2
1 0
r
+ +
= =
+

Equat ion of t he cir cle will be

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 5 4
4 10 25 0
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ + =


10. Circle
2 2
2 4 0 x y mx + + = has a radius of 4 and is
t angent t o line x = y. What is t he value of m ?

Equat ion of t angent line is 0 x y =
Cent er of t he circle is ( m, 0)


( )
2
2
0
4
1 1
4 2
m
m

=
+
=


11. Equat ion of t angent line at point ( 4,1) on t he cir cle
2 2
6 4 45 0 x y x y + + = is


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
0
2 2
4 3 4 2 1 45 0
7 3 31 0
7 1
10
3 3
A B
x x y y x x y y C
x y x y
x y
y x
+ + + + + + =
+ + =
=
=


12. a line passes t hrough ( 3, 3) and ( 2, 5)

3 3
5 3 2 3
2 3
3
5 5
2 3
3
5 5
y x
y x
y x
+
=
+
= +
= +

m
1
=
2
5
. The line prependicular t o t his line has
gradien of
2
1
1 5
2
m
m
= =

Equat ion of t angent line t o t he circle cent re at ( 0,0)
and having radius of 4 wit h t he gradien m
2
is


2
2 2
2
1
5 5
4 1
2 2
5
2 29
2
y m x r m
y x
y x
= +
| |
= +
|
\ .
=

The equat ion of t angent lines are

5
2 29
2
y x = and
5
2 29
2
y x = +

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13. The equat ion of t angent line of circle

2 2
10 6 6 0 x y x y + + = at point ( 1,5) :


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
0
2 2
5 5 1 3 5 6 0
2 6 16 0
3 8
A B
x x y y x x y y C
x y x y
y x
y x
+ + + + + + =
+ + + + =
+ =
= +


14. Tangent line of t he circle
2 2
5 x y + = at point is
also t angent t o t he circle ( ) ( )
2 2
2
3 2 x y a + =

missing par t s of t he quest ion : point of t angent .

15. The cent re of circle

2 2
12 0 x y ax by + + + = lies on t he line
2 3 0 x y + = in t he I V
t h
quadrant and having radius 1

I dent ify t he values of a and b respect ively.

Assume t he cent re of t he circle is at ( p,q) .
Then a = 2p and b = 2q
The cent re lies on t he line 2 3 0 x y + = so

2 3 0
3
2
p q
p q
+ =
=


The radius of t he circle is 1, t hus


2 2
2
2
2 2
2
12 1
3
12 1
2
9
13
4
4
2
p q
q q
q q
q
q
+ =
| |
+ =
|
\ .
+ =
=
=


Rej ect q = 2 because t he cent re lies in t he I V
t h

quadrant .
So q = 2 and p = 3.
And t he value of a = 6 and b = 4.

16. Circle
2 2 2
2 4 0 x y px + + = has radius 4 and
t angent t o t he line y = x.


( )
2
2
0
4
1 1
4 2
4 2
p
p
p

=
+
=
=


17. A circle wit h cent re ( 2,4) and passing t hrought
point ( 4,1) . I dent ify t he equat ion of t angent line t o
t his circle which is parallel t o t he line 2 3 0 x y + =

The line parallel t o t he line 2 3 0 x y + = has
gradient of m = 2.

The radius of t he circle is
( ) ( )
2 2
2 4 4 1 45 3 5 + = =
The equat ion of t he line t angent t o t he cir cle wit h
cent re ( 2, 4) and radius 3 5 wit h gradient 2 is


( ) ( )
2
4 2 2 3 5 2 1
2 4 4 15
2 8 15
y x
y x
y x
= + +
= + +
= +

The eqaut ion of t he t angent lines ar e 2 7 y x = and
2 23 y x = +

18. The circle
2 2
4 12 0 x y x ay + + = passes t hrough
point ( 5,1) . Thus

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
5 1 4 5 1 12 0
6
a
a
+ + =
=


The radius of t he circle is
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
4 6 12 4 9 12 5
4 4
r = + = + + =

19. A circle has cent re of ( 1,2) and radius 3.
Equat ions of t angent lines t o t he circle perpendicular
t o t he line is ?

The line
3 5
3 4 5
4 4
x y y x = = has gradient m
1

=
3
4
. The line perpendicular t o t his line has gradient
m
2
sat isfies
2
1
1 4
3
m
m
= = .

The equat ion of t he t angent line t o t he cir cle wit h
gradient m
2
are :


( )
2
4 4
2 1 3 1
3 3
4 4
2 5
3 3
y x
y x
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
= +



4 2
5
3 3
y x = and
4 1
4
3 3
y x = +

20. Assume t he equat ion of t he circle is

2 2
0 x y Ax By C + + + + =
Passes t hrough ( 3,2) :
( ) 3 2 13 . . .. 1 A B C + + =
Passes t hrough ( 1, 0) :
( ) 1 . . .. 2 A C + =
Passes t hrough ( 0,3) :
( ) 3 9 . . .. 3 B C + =

Eliminat e A from equat ions ( 1) and ( 2)

3 2 13
3 3 3
2 4 16
A B C
A C
B C
+ + =
+ =
+ =

( ) 2 8 . . . . 4 B C + =
Eliminat e C from ( 3) and ( 4)

6 2 18
2 8
5 10
B C
B C
B
+ =
+ =
=

B = 2
And C = 3, A = 2
The equat ion of t he circle is :

2 2
2 2 3 0 x y x y + =

21. Let t he equat ion of t he unknown cir cle is

2 2
2
0 L x y Ax By C + + + + = .
This circle passes t hrough point ( 0,0) t hus
C = 0
The circle
2 2
1
2 4 5 0 L x y x y + + =
Subt ract s L
2
wit h L
1
:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
2 4 5 0 L L A x B y C + + + + =
This is act ualy t he equat ion of t he line 4 0 x y + = .
Compare t he t wo equat ions :

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( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 4 5 4 A x B y C k x y + + + + = +
Recall t hat C = 0 t hen we heve k =
5
4

And

5 13
2
4 4
A A + = =

5 11
4
4 4
B B = = .

The equat ion of t he circle is

2 2
2 2
13 11
0
4 4
4 4 13 11 0
x y x y
x y x y
+ + =
+ + =


22. The point s of int ersect ion of t he line
3 3 x y y x + = = and t he circle

2 2
8 4 5 0 x y x y + + = .


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
3 8 4 3 5 0
6 9 8 12 4 5 0
2 18 16 0
9 8 0
8 1 0
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
x x
+ + =
+ + + =
+ =
+ =
=

x = 8 and x = 1
for x = 8 t hen y = 3 8 = 5
for x = 1 t hen y = 3 1 = 2

Therefore t he point s of int er sect ion ar e ( 1,2) and
( 8,5) .

23. The equat ion of a line which is t angen t o t he cir cle
2 2
25 x y + = passing t hrough point ( 7,1) .

By inspect ion we know t hat t he point ( 7, 1) lies
out side of t he circle.
Assume t he gr adien of t he t angen line is m.


2
2
1
5 1
y mx r m
y mx m
= +
= +

The line passes t hrough point ( 7,1) :

( )
2
2
2 2
2
1 7 5 1
5 1 7 1
5 1 49 14 1
44 14 0
2 22 7 0
m m
m m
m m m
m m
m m
= +
+ =
+ = +
=
=

m = 0 or m =
7
22


The line wit h gradient m = 0 passes t hrough ( 7,1) :

( ) 1 0 7
1
y x
y
=
=


The line wit h gradient m =
7
22
passes t hrough ( 7,1)

( )
7
1 7
22
7 49 22
22 22 22
7 5
1
22 22
y x
y x
y x
=
= +
=


24. A circle in quadrant I passes t hrought P ( 2, 7) . The
cicrle t angent s t he y axis on a point ( 0, 3) . Find t he
equat ion of t he circle.

Suppose t he cent r e of t he cir cle is ( a,b) and radius r

( ) ( )
2 2
2
x a y b r + =

The circle passes t hrough point ( 2,7)


( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 7
4 14 53 0 .... 1
a b r
a b a b r
+ =
+ + =


The circle also passes t hrough point ( 0,3) t hen

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2 2
0 3
6 9 .... 2
a b r
a b b r
+ =
+ + =


Subt ract ed equat ion 2 from equat ion 1 will give


2 2 2
2 2 2
4 14 53 0
6 9 0
4 8 44 0
a b a b r
a b b r
a b
+ + =
+ + =
+ =


11 2 a b =

This circle t angent s y axis at point ( 0,3) t hus b must
be 3, and a = 5.
Subst it ut e t he values of a and b t o equat ion ( 2) :

( )
2 2 2
2
5 3 6 3 9
25 9 18 9 25
r
r
+ + =
= + + =


Then t he equat ion of t he cir cle is


( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
5 3 25
10 6 9 0
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ + =


25. The equat ion of a circle having a radius of 2 5
which is t angent t o t he line 2 5 0 x y + = at point
( 1,2) is .

Let s assume t he cent re of t he circle is ( a,b)
The gradient of t he t angent line at point ( 1, 2) is
1
1
2
m = . The gradient of t he line j oining t he point
( 1,2) and t he cent r e of t he cir cle must be 2 ,
because t his t wo lines ar e perpendicular each ot her.
Hence,

2
2 2 2 2 2
1
b
b a b a
a

= = =



The dist ance from t he cent r e of t he circle t o t he
t angent line equal t o it s radius, i.e. 2 5 ,


2 2
2 5
2 5
1 2
4 5
2 5
5
10 5 5
1 2
a b
a a
a
a
+
=
+
+
=
=
=


Then a = 1 or a = 3.

For a = 1, t hen b = 2 and t he equat ion of t he
circle is

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 2 20
2 4 15 0
x y
x y x y
+ + + =
+ + + =


For a = 3, t hen b = 6 and t he equat ion of t he circle
is

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 6 20
6 12 13 0
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ + =



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26. Line g int er sect s circle
2 2
6 4 12 0 x y x y + = at
point s A and B. Point C ( 1,3) is midpoint bet ween A
and B. Find t he equat ion of line g.

The cent re point of t he circle, called O, is ( 3,2) .
The gradient of t he line passes t hrough OC is

1
3 2 1
1 3 2
m

= =


The t angent line g is perpendicular t o t he line
passes t hrough OC, so t he t he gradient of t he line g
must be
2
1
1
2 m
m
= = and t he equat ion of line g is

( ) 3 2 1
2 1
y x
y x
=
= +



26. The line g int ersect s circle
2 2
6 4 12 0 x y x y + =
at point A and B. Point ( 1,3) is midpoint bet ween A
and B. I dent ify t he equat ion of t he line g.

The cent re of t he circle is ( 3, 2) . Gradient of t he line
j oin t he point s ( 1,3) and ( 3,2) is

1
3 2 1
1 3 2
m

= =


The line g is perpendicular t o t he line j oining t hese
point s, if t he gradient of t he line g is m
2
, m
2
will be

2
1
1
2 m
m
= =
and t he equat ion of t he line g is given by :

( )
( )
1 2 1
3 2 1
2 1
y y m x x
y x
y x
=
=
= +


27. Given t he following equat ions of circles
1.
2 2
25 x y + =
2.
( )
( )
2 2
2 14 25 x y + + =
3.
( )
( )
2 2
6 8 25 x y + =
4.
2 2
16 12 75 0 x y x y + + + =
t he cent re : ( 8, 6) and 64 34 75 5 r = + =
Circles t hat hace a radius of 5 which are t angent t o
t he lines

1
4 3 25 0 l x y + = and
2
3 4 25 0 l x y + = are

Circle 1 :
cent re ( 0,0) , r = 5.
The dist ance from ( 0,0) t o t he line
1
l is
( )
2
2
4 0 3 0 25
5
4 3
d
+
= =
+

and t he dist ance from ( 0,0) t o t he line
2
l is
( )
2
2
3.0 4 0 25
5
3 4
d
+
= =
+
.
Thus t he cir cle no. 1 is t angent t o bot h lines.

Circle 2:
cent re ( 2, 14) and r = 5
The dist ance from ( 2,14) t o t he line
1
l is

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
4 2 3 14 25
5
4 3
d
+
= =
+

The dist ance from ( 2,14) t o t he line l
2
is

( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 4 14 25
5
3 4
d
+
= =
+

Thus t he cir cle no 2 is t angent t o bot h lines.

Circle 3 :
cent re ( 6,8) and r = 5.
The dist ance from ( 6, 8) t o t he line l
1
is

( )
2
2
4 6 3 8 25
5
4 3
d
+
= =
+

and t he dist ance from ( 6,8) t o t he line l
2
is

2 2
3 6 4 8 25
5
3 4
d
+
= =
+

Thus t he cir cle no 3 is t angent t o bot h lines.

Circle 4 :
cent re ( 8, 6) and radius 5.
The dist ance from ( 8,6) t o t he line l
1
is

( )
( )
2
2
4 8 3 6 25
5
4 3
d
+
= =
+

and t he dist ance from ( 8,6) t o t he line l
2
is

( )
2 2
3 8 4 6 25
5
3 4
d
+
= =
+

Thus t he cir cle no 4 is t angent t o bot h lines.

All of four circles are t angent s t o t he line l
1
and l
2
.

28. The equat ion of a line t hat passes t hrough point O
( 0,0) and is t angent t o t he circle having a cent re at
( 4, 2) and a radius of 2 is

The eqaut ion of t he circle is

( )
( )
2 2
4 2 4 x y + =
Subst it ut e ( 0,0) in t he left hand side of t he equat ion

( ) ( )
2 2
0 4 0 2 20 4 + = >
The point O lies out side t he circle.
Let t he gradient of t he t angent line is m
The equat ion of t he t angent line is

( )
2
2 4 2 1 y m x m = +
This line passes t hrought point O, t hus

( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
0 2 0 4 2 1
4 2 2 1
16 16 4 4 4
12 16 0
4 3 4 0
m m
m m
m m m
m m
m m
= +
= +
+ = +
=
=

m = 0 and
4
3
m =

for m = 0, t he equat ion of t he t angent line is

( )
0 0 0 0 y x y = =

for
4
3
m = , t he equat ion of t he t angent line is

( )
4 4
0 0
3 3
y x y x = =

The equat ion of t he t angent lines t o t he circle t hat
passes ( 0,0) ar e
4
0 and
3
y y x = =

29. Given point A ( 2, 3) and B ( 4,5) . The equat ion of a
line which is t angent t o cir cle
2 2
4 6 68 0 x y x y + + = and is also perpendicular
t o line AB is .

Line AB has a gradient of m
1
which is

( )
1
5 3 1
4 2 3
m

= =

. The line per pendicular t o t he line
AB will has gradient of m
2

1
1
3
m
= =
The circle has cent re of ( 2,3) and radius of

( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
4 6 68 9
4 4
r = + + = .
Equat ion of t he t angen line is

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( )
( )
2
2 2
3 3 9 1
3 3 9 10
3 9 9 10
y m x m
y x
y x
+ = +
=
= + +

and 3 9 9 10 y x = + +

30. One of t he t angent lines on a circle having a cent re at
( 2,3) and passing t hrough ( 5,7) which is also
prependicular t o t he line

1
2 5 0 2 5 2 x y y x m + = = + = is

Equat ion of t he cir cle wit h cent re ( 2, 3) is

( )
( )
2 2
2
2 3 x y r + + =
t he cir cle passes t hrough ( 5,7)

( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
5 2 7 3
25
r
r
+ + =
=


The line prependicular t o t he line wit h gr adient m
1

has gradient of
2
1
1 1
2
m
m
= = and t he equat ion of
t he t angent lines are :

( )
2
1 1
3 2 5 1
2 2
1 5 5
2
2 2
y x
y x
| |
= + +
|
\ .
= +



I I . Short Answer :

1. Given t hat a t angent line on circle ( )
2
2
3 5 x y + =
passes t hrough a point which has an abscissa of 1
and a posit ive ordinat e. Det er mine t he equat ion of a
line which is perpendicular t o t he t angent line.

x = 1 t hen
( )
2
2 2
1 3 5 1 1 y y y + = = =
We rej ect t he r esult y = 1.
The equat ion of t angent line t o t he circle at point
( 1,1) is

( ) ( ) 1 3 3 1 5
2 1
x y
y x
+ =
=


Thus t he equat ion of t he line prependicular t o t his
t angent line is :

2
1
1 1
2
m
m
= =

( )
1
1 1
2
2 3 0
y x
y x
=
+ =


2. Circle ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 5 3 0 x y m x m y + + + + = has a
radius of 4 and is t angent t o t he line 3 4 2 0 x y + = .
Det er mine t he value of m.

The cent re of t he circle is
5
1,
2
m
m
+ | |
+
|
\ .
.

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
4 4
5
4 1 3
2
10 25
16 2 1 3
4
64 5 18 41
0 5 18 23
0 5 23 1
23
or 1
5
r A B C
m
m
m m
m m
m m
m m
m m
m m
= +
+ | |
= + +
|
\ .
+ +
= + + + +
= + +
= +
= +
= =


For m =
23
5
, t he cent r e point is
18 1
,
5 5
| |

|
\ .
, t he
dist ance of t his point t o t he line 3 4 2 0 x y + = is

( )
2
2
18 1
54 4 10
3 4 2
8 5 5
5
5 5
3 4
r
| | | |
+ +
+
| |
\ . \ .
= = =
+
, t hus
m =
23
5
does not sat isfy t he problem.

For m = 1 , t he cent re is ( 2, - 3) and t he dist ance of
t his point t o t he line 3 4 2 0 x y + = is

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
3 2 4 3 2
20
4
5
3 4
r
+
= = =
+
.
This sat isfies t he problem. Therfore t he value of m
is 1.

3. Det er mine t he equat ion of a line which is t angent t o
circle
2 2
2 4 5 0 x y x y + = and passes t hrough
point ( 4, 3) .


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4 3 2 4 4 3 5
16 9 8 12 5 40 0
+ =
+ + + = >


So t he point ( 4,3) is out side from t he circle.
Let t he gradient of t he t angent line is m.

The cent re of t he circle is ( 1, 2) and t he radius is
( )
2 2
1 2 5 10 r = + =
The equat ion of t he t angent line t hen
( )
2
2 1 10 1 y m x m = +
The line passes t hrough t he point ( 4, 3)

( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
3 2 4 1 10 1
5 5 10 1
25 50 25 10 10
15 50 15 0
3 10 3 0
3 1 3 0
1
or 3
3
m m
m m
m m m
m m
m m
m m
m m
= +
= +
+ = +
+ =
+ =
=
= =


For m =
1
3
, t hen t he equat ion of t he t angent line is

( )
1
3 4
3
3 5 0
y x
y x
+ = +
+ =


For m = 3, t hen t he equat ion of t he t angent line is

( ) 3 3 4
3 9
y x
y x
+ = +
= +



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4. Line 4 3 10 g x y = passes t he cent re of a circle
and int er sect s t he cir cle at a point having abscissa
of 1 and 5. Det er mine t he equat ion of t he line ?

May be t he problem means t he equat ion of t he circle


The ends of t he diamet re of t he circle are :
For x = 1 t hen ( ) 4 1 3 10 2 y y = = . ( 1, 2)
For x = 5 t hen 4 5 3 10 10 y y = = , ( 5, 10)

The equat ion of t he circle is

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 5 2 10 0
4 12 15 0
x x y y
x y x y
+ + =
+ + =


5. Det er mine t he equat ion of a circle t hat has a radius
of 5 and is t angent t o t he line 2 1 x y = + at point
( 3,1) .

Let s assume t he cent r e of t he cir cle is ( a,b)

Then t he equat ion of t he circle is
( ) ( )
2 2
5 x a y b + =
Equat ion of t he t angent line passes t hrogh point
( 3,1) on t he circle is

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
3 1 5
3 1 3 5 0
a x a b y b
a x b y a b a b
+ =
+ + + =


This is equal t o t he line 2 1 0 x y = indeed.

Thus we can compare bot h of t hem

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
3 1 3 5
2 1
a x b y a b a b
k x y
+ + +



3 3 a k a k = =
1 2 1 2 b k b k = = +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
3 5
3 1 2 3 3 1 2 5
6 9 4 4 1 9 3 1 2 5 0
5 5
1
a b a b k
k k k k k
k k k k k k k
k
k
+ =
+ + + =
+ + + + + + =
=
=


For k = 1, t hen a = 4 and b = 1, t he equat ion of
t he circle is

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
4 1 5
8 2 12 0
x y
x y x y
+ + =
+ + + =


For k = 1, t hen a = 2 and b = 3, t he equat ion of t he
circle is

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 3 5
4 6 10 0
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ + =


6. Circle
2 2
2 6 49 0 x y ax y + + + = is t angent t o t he x
axis. Det ermine t he probable values of a.

The equat ion of t he x axis is y = 0.
Subst it ut e t his equat ion t o t he equat ion of t he circle
will give

2
2 49 0 x ax + =
Because t he line t angent t o t he cir cle so D = 0

( )
2
2
2 4 1 49 0
4 4 49
7
a
a
a
=
=
=


7. Show t hat t he t angent lines on cir cle
2 2
4 2 20 0 x y x y + = at point ( 7,1) and ( 1, 5)
int ersect s at ( 7,11) .

Met hod 1 :

2 2
7 1 4 7 2 1 20 0 + = t he point ( 7,1) lies on
t he cir cle. The equat ion of t angent at t his point is

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
2 20 0
7 2 7 1 20 0
5 35
7
x x y y x x y y
x y x y
x
x
+ + + =
+ + + =
=
=

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 5 4 1 2 5 20 0 + = , t he point ( 1, 5)
lies on t he cir cle. The equat ion of t angent at t his
point is


( ) ( ) ( ) 1 5 2 1 5 20 0
3 4 23 0
x y x y
x y
+ + =
+ =

The int ersect ion of t he line x = 7 and t he line
3 4 23 0 x y + = is
3 7 4 23 0 4 44 11 y y y + = = =
The point of int ersect ion of t he lines is ( 7,11) .

8. Det er mine t he equat ion of a circle t hat has a radius
of 5 and is t angent t o line 4 3 25 0 x y + = and line
3 4 25 0 x y + = .
Let t he cent re of t he circle is ( a,b)

The equat ion of t he t angent line wit h gradient
1
4
3
m = is

( )
2
4 4
5 1
3 3
3 4 4 3 25
y b x a
y x a b
| |
= +
|
\ .
= +

This line is 4 3 25 0 x y + = t hen we have
( ) 4 3 25 25 4 3 50 . . . 1 a b a b + + = + =
Or ( ) 4 3 25 25 4 3 0 .. . 2 a b a b + = + =

The equat ion of t he t angent line wit h gradient m
2
=
3
4
is

( )
2
3 3
5 1
4 4
3 4 3 25
y b x a
x y a b
| |
= +
|
\ .
+ = +

This line is 3 4 25 0 x y + =

t hen we have
( ) 3 4 25 25 3 4 0 . . . 3 a b a b + + = + =
( ) 3 4 25 25 3 4 50 . . . 4 a b a b + = + =

From equat ion ( 1) and ( 3)

4 3 50 3 12 9 150
3 4 0 4 12 16 0
25 150
a b a b
a b a b
b
+ = + =
+ = + =
=


b = 6 and a = 8 t he equat ion of t he circle is
( ) ( )
2 2
8 6 25 x y + =

From equat ion ( 2) and ( 4)

4 3 0 3 12 9 0
3 4 50 4 12 16 200
25 200
a b a b
a b a b
b
+ = + =
+ = + =
=

b = 8 and a = 6, t he equat ion of t he cir cle is
( ) ( )
2 2
6 8 25 x y + =





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From equat ion ( 2) and ( 3)

4 3 0 3 12 9 0
3 4 0 4 12 16 0
25 0
a b a b
a b a b
b
+ = + =
+ = + =
=

b = 0 and a = 0, t he equat ion of t he cir cle is

2 2
25 x y + =

From equat ion ( 1) and ( 4)

4 3 50 3 12 9 150
3 4 50 4 12 16 200
25 350
a b a b
a b a b
b
+ = + =
+ = + =
=

b = 14 and a = 2, t he equat ion of t he cir cle is
( ) ( )
2 2
2 14 25 x y + + =

9. Det er mine t he radius of a cir cle t hat passes t hrough
point s ( 1,5) and ( 4,1) and is t angent t o t he y axis.

Let s assume t hat t he cent re of t he circle is (a, b)
The circle t anget s y axis, t hen

2 2
1 0
a
r a = =
+
and t he equat ion of t he circle is

( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2 0
x a y b a
x y ax by b
+ =
+ + =


The circle passes t hrough point ( 1,5) , t hen

( )
2
2
1 25 2 10 0
2 10 26 ... 1
a b b
a b b
+ + =
+ =


The circle passes t hrough point ( 4,1) , t hen

( )
2
2
16 1 8 2 0
8 2 17 ... 2
a b b
a b b
+ + =
+ =


Eliminat e b
2
fr om equat ion ( 1) and ( 2)

2
2
2 10 26
8 2 17
6 8 9
a b b
a b b
a b
+ =
+ =
+ =


6 9
8
a
b
+
= , subt it ut e t his t o equat ion ( 1)

( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
6 9 6 9
2 10 26
8 8
128 480 720 36 108 81 1664
36 500 1025 0
36 500 1025 0
18 205 2 5 0
205 5
or
18 2
a a
a
a a a a
a a
a a
a a
a a
+ + | |
+ =
|
\ .
+ + =
+ =
+ =
=
= =

The radius of t he circle is
5
2
or
205
18


10. Det er mine t he equat ion of a t angent line on circle
2 2
6 8 20 0 x y x y + + = t hat passes t hrough t he
point ( 0,5) .


2 2
0 5 0 40 20 5 0 + + = > t hus ( 0,5) lies out side of
t he cir cle.
The cent re of t he circle is ( 3,4) and t he radius
9 16 20 5 r = + =
Let t he gradien of t he t angent line is m, t he
equat ion of t he line is t hen
( )
2
4 3 5 1 y m x m = +
The line passes t hrough t he point ( 0,5)

( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
5 4 0 3 5 1
3 1 5 1
9 6 1 5 5
4 6 4 0
2 3 2 0
2 1 2 0
1
or 2
2
m m
m m
m m m
m m
m m
m m
m m
= +
+ = +
+ + = +
+ =
+ =
+ =
= =

For
1
2
m = , equat ion of t he t angent line is

( )
1
5 0
2
1
5
2
y x
y x
=
= +


For m = 2, equat ion of t he t angent line is

( ) 5 2 0
2 5
y x
y x
=
= +


11. Det er mine t he equat ion of a t angent line on circle
( ) ( )
2 2
3 7 49 x y + = t hat passes t hrough point
( 0,0) .

The point ( 0, 0) is locat ed out side t he cir cle.
Let t he gradient of t he t angent line m, t hen

( )
2
7 3 7 1 y m x m = +
The line passes t hrough point ( 0,0)

( )
2
2
2 2
2
7 3 7 1
3 7 7 1
9 42 49 49 49
40 42 0
2 20 21 0
21
0 or
20
m m
m m
m m m
m m
m m
m m
= +
= +
+ = +
+ =
+ =
= =


For m = 0 t he equat ion of t he t angent line is
( ) 0 0 1 0 y x y = =
For m =
21
20
t he equat ion of t he t angent line is
( )
21 21
0 0
20 20
y x y x = =

12. Det er mine t he equat ion of t he t angent line on circle
( )
( )
2 2
2 1 16 x y + + = t hat has a gradient of 5.


( )
( )
2
1 2 4 1
1 5 2 4 25 1
5 11 4 26
y m x m
y x
y x
+ = +
+ = +
=


The equat ion of t he t angent lines are
5 11 4 26 y x = and 5 11 4 26 y x = + .

13. Det er mine t he equat ion of a circle t hat passes
t hrough point ( 4, 3) and has a cent re on line
2 3 1 0 x y = wit h an abscissa of 5.

The cent r e of t he lies on t he line 2 3 1 0 x y = wit h
x = 5. Then 2 5 3 1 0 3 y y = = .
Then t he equat ion of t he circle is

( )
( )
2 2
2
5 3 x y r + =
This circle passes t hrough point ( 4,3)

( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
4 5 3 3
1
r
r
+ =
=


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Thus t he equat ion of t he circle is

( )
( )
2 2
2 2
5 3 1
10 6 33 0
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ + =


14. Given t hat a circle which has a radius of 2 has t he
same cent r e as cir cle
2 2
6 8 6 0 x y x y + + + =
Det er mine t he equat ion of a t angent line on t he circle
t hat makes an angle of
3
4
t wit h t he x
+
axis.

The circle has t he cent re point at ( 3,4) . Given t hat
t he radius of t his circle is 2 so t he equat ion of t he
circle is
( )
( )
2 2
3 4 4 x y + + + = .
The t angent line t o t he circle making angle of
3
4
t
has t he gradient of
3
t an 1
4
m t = = . The equat ion of
t angent line t hen

( ) ( )
2
4 1 3 2 1 1
7 2 2
y x
y x
+ = + +
=

The equat ion of t angent lines are 7 2 2 y x =
and 7 2 2 y x = + .

15. The line t angent t o circle
2 2
25 x y + = at point ( 3,4)
is t angent t o anot her circle having a cent re at ( 10,5)
and radius of r. Det er mine r .

The point ( 3, 4) lies on t he circle
2 2
25 x y + = , and
t he equat ion of t he t angent lines t hrough t his point is

1 1
25
3 4 25
x x y y
x y
+ =
+ =


The cir cle wit h cent re at ( 10,5) also t angent s t his
line. The radius r of t his circle equals t o t he dist ance
bet ween t he cent r e point t o t he line, i. e.

( )
2
2
3 10 4.5 25
7
3 4
r
+
= =
+


16.
a. Prove t hat t he t angent line on circle
2 2
10 x y + = at
point P ( 3,1) is also t angent t o circle
2 2
8 4 20 x y x y + + = .

Point P ( 3, 1) lies on t he cir cle
2 2
10 x y + = , so t he
equat ion of t angent line t o t he circle at t his point is
simply founded by t he for mula of
2
1 1
x x y y r + =
become
3 10 10 3 x y y x = = .

Subst it ut e t his equat ion t o t he equat ion of t he second
circle will be


( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
10 3 8 4 10 3 20
9 60 100 8 40 12 20 0
10 40 40 0
4 4 0
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
+ + =
+ + + =
+ =
+ =

The discr iminant of t his quadrat ic equat ion

2
4 16 16 0 D b ac = = =

This prove t hat t he line also t angent t o t he second
circle given.

b. Det er mine t he t angent point Q on t he second line.
Form t he quadrat ic equat ion found in t he last
calculat ion, we have

( )
2
2
4 4 0
2 0
2
x x
x
x
+ =
=
=

and
( )
10 3 2 16 y = = .
The coordinat es of point Q ar e ( 2,16) .

c. Det er mine t he lengt h of t angent line PQ.

( ) ( )
2 2
3 2 1 16 25 225 5 10 PQ = + + = + =

17.
a. Det er mine t he equat ion of a circle t hat passes
t hrough point s ( 2, 4) and ( 7, 7) and has a cent r e on
line 7 x y + = .
The cent re lies on 7 x y + = , let t he cent re be
( ) , 7 a a t hen t he equat ion of t he cir cle is

( )
( )
2 2
2
7 x a y a r + + =
The circle passes t hrough t he point ( 2,4) :

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 4 7
4 4 6 9
2 2 13 .... 1
a a r
a a a a r
a a r
+ + =
+ + + + =
+ =

The circle also passes t hrough point ( 7, 7) :

( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
7 7 7
14 49
2 14 49 .... 2
a a r
a a a r
a a r
+ + =
+ + =
+ =


From t he equat ion ( 1) and ( 2) :

2 2
2 2
2 2 13
2 14 49
12 36 0
a a r
a a r
a
+ =
+ =
=

a = 3 and r = 5

The equat ion of t he circle is

( )
( )
2 2
2 2
3 4 25
6 8 0
x y
x y x y
+ =
+ =


b. Det er mine t he equat ion of t he t angent line at point
( 7, 7) on t he circle.

The equat ion of t he t angent line is

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 7 3 3 7 4 4 25
4 12 3 12 25
4 3 49 0
x y
x y
x y
+ =
+ =
+ =


c. Det er mine t he equat ion of t he t angent line which is
parallel t o
1
2 0
2
x y m = = .
The equat ion of t he t angent line wit h gradient
1
2
m =
is :

( )
2
1 1
4 3 5 1
2 2
2 8 3 5 5
2 5 5 5 0
y x
y x
y x
| |
= +
|
\ .
=
=


d. Det er mine t he equat ion of t he t angent line which is
passes t hrough point ( 8, 0)

The point ( 8, 0) locat ed out side from t he circle.
Let t he gradient of t he t angent line is m, t hen

( )
2
4 3 5 1 y m x m = +
The line passes t hrough point ( 8,0)

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( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
0 4 8 5 5 1
5 1 3 4
25 25 9 24 16
16 24 9 0
4 3 0
3
4
m m
m m
m m m
m m
m
m
= +
+ = +
+ = + +
+ =
=
=


The equat ion of t he t angent line is x= 8 and

( )
3
0 8
4
3
6
4
y x
y x
=
=


18. Each of t he t hree st at ions is a seismic net work
det ect ed an earhquake in t heir areas. The
seismograph indicat ed t hat t he epicent r um was
locat ed 50 km from t he first st at ion, 40 km from t he
second st at ion and 13 km from t he t hr id st at ion. On
a 1 : 100.000 map, t he fir st st at ion was locat ed at
coordinat es ( 0, 0) , t he second st at ion at ( 0, 30) and
t he t hird at ( 15,18) .

a. Writ e a syst em second- degree equat ion which
represent t he given sit ut at ion.


( )
2 2
2500 .... 1 x y + =
( )
( )
2
2
30 1600 .... 2 x y + =

( )
( )
( )
2 2
35 18 196 .... 3 x y + =

b. Draw t he syst em of equat ion t o est imat e t he locat ion
of t he epicent r um.



c. Solve t he equat ion algebraically t o det er mine t he
locat ion of t he epicent rum.

From t he equat ions ( 1) and ( 2)
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
2
2
2500
30 1600
30 900
x y
x y
y y
+ =
+ =
=


2 2
60 900 900
60 1800
30
y y y
y
y
+ =
=
=

Subst it ut e y t o equat ion ( 1) t o obt ain x,

2 2
30 2500
40
x
x
+ =
=


The point s of t he int ersect ion are ( 40,30) and
( 40,30) .

But point ( 40, 30) doesnt sat isfy equat ion 3
( ) ( )
2 2
40 35 30 18 5625 144 196 + = + = .
Point ( 40,30) sat isfies equat ion 3, i. e.
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
40 35 30 18 5 12 169 + = + = .

The locat ion of t he epicent rum is at point ( 40,30) .


Answer no 5 Part 1

Find t he equat ion of a circle whose cent re lies on t he line
1 x y = , passes t hrough point ( 0, 0) and has a radius of
5 .

Let t he cent re of t he circle is ( a,b)
The cent re lies on t he line 1 x y = , so b = a 1

The equat ion of t he circle is t hen
( ) ( )
2 2
1 5 x a y a + + =
Passes t hrough ( 0, 0) so

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
0 1 5
2 2 4 0
2 0
2 1 0
2 or
1
a a
a a
a a
a a
a
a
+ + =
=
=
+ =
=
=


For a = 2 t hen b = 1 and t he equat ion of t he circle
is

( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
4 2
1 5
0
2 x
x
y
x y y
+

=
+ =


For a = 1 t hen b = 2, t he equat ion of t he circle is

( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2 2
1 5
0
1 x
x
y
x y y
+ +
+
=
+ =

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