Internet Technologies problem set

1. 網路協定中傳輸層及網路層的目的為何?
2. 說明那些是那一層的協定
1、 Application layer
i. DHCP • DNS • FTP • HTTP • IMAP4 • IRC • NNTP • XMPP •
MIME • POP3 • SIP • SMTP • SNMP • SSH • TELNET • BGP •
RPC • RTP • RTCP • TLS/SSL • SDP • SOAP • L2TP • PPTP
2、 Transport layer
i. TCP • UDP • DCCP • SCTP • GTP • …
3、 Network layer
i. IP (IPv4 • IPv6) • ARP • RARP • ICMP • IGMP • RSVP • IPSec
•…
4、 Data link layer
i. ATM • DTM • Ethernet • FDDI • Frame Relay • GPRS • PPP •
…
5、 Physical layer
i. Ethernet physical layer • ISDN • Modems • PLC • RS232 •
SONET/SDH • G.709 • Wi-Fi • …

3. IP 層的 Fragmentation 及 reassembly 的目的為何? 以底層 ethernet 為

例, 要傳 4000Bytes 的資料時下圖中的那些??各應該為何?

4. HTTP 協定是 Stateless, 何謂?

5. 請說明 Nonpersistent HTTP 及 Persistent HTTP 之差異?
6. 請說明在 HTTP 協定中 COOKIES 之原理及目的?
7. 何謂 web cache, 其好處有那些?
8. 請說明 HTTP 協定中 conditional GET 之原理?
9. 何謂 CIDR? 如果有個 subnet 是 200.23.16.0/23, 試問這個 subnet 可以
有多少台電腦?
10.何謂 NAT? 試說明 NAT 的工作原理?
11.何謂 CSS? CSS style 有四種來源, 分別那四種, 順序為何?
12.何謂 HTML Parser, 目的為何?
A: HTML Parser: It is used for parsing the html tags

Purpose: We can use it to read a html document and then process and analyze the
document to get the information that are hidden and overwhelmed in the html tags.

13.說明 XML 及 HTML 的差異?

A: XML and HTML were designed with different goals: XML was
designed to describe data and to focus on what data is. HTML was
designed to display data and to focus on how data looks. HTML is
about displaying information, while XML is about describing
information.

14.何謂 DTD, DOM, SAX?

A: A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the legal building
blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with
a list of legal elements and attributes.

The XML Document Object Model (XML DOM) defines a standard

way for accessing and manipulating XML documents. The DOM
presents an XML document as a tree-structure (a node tree), with
the elements, attributes, and text defined as nodes.

The Simple API for XML (SAX) is a serial access parser API for XML.
SAX provides a mechanism for reading data from an XML document.
It is a popular alternative to the Document Object Model (DOM).

15.DOM 及 SAX 的差異為何, 優缺點為何?

A: The most important difference between SAX and DOM is that SAX
presents the document as a serialized "event stream" (a sequence
of calls to a handler function as each chunk of XML syntax is
recognized) rather than the DOM's tree.

SAX: pros:The quantity of memory that a SAX parser must use in

order to function is typically much smaller than that of a DOM
parser. Processing documents can often be faster than DOM-style
parsers.

cons: Certain kinds of XML validation requires access to the

document in full. Some kinds of XML processing simply require
having access to the entire document.

DOM: pros: DOM creates an in-memory object representation of an

entire XML document. This allows extreme flexibility in parsing,
navigating, and updating the contents of a document.

cons: DOM's drawbacks are high memory requirements and the

need for more powerful processing capabilities.

16.何謂 Web Service? 其特性為何? 繪圖說明 web service 的架構?

A: The W3C defines a Web service as a software system designed to
support interoperable Machine to Machine interaction over a
network. Web services are frequently just Web APIs that can be
accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a
remote system hosting the requested services.

Properties:
a. XML based
b. Message-based
c. Programming language independent
d. Could be dynamically located
e. Could be dynamically assembled or aggregated
f. Accessed over the internet
g. Loosely coupled
h. Based on industry standards
17.何謂 SOAP? UDDI? WSDL? 並說明與 web service 的關係?
A: SOAP: An XML-based, extensible message envelope format, with
"bindings" to underlying protocols. The primary protocols are HTTP
and HTTPS, although bindings for others, including SMTP and XMPP,
have been written.

UDDI: A protocol for publishing and discovering metadata about

Web services, to enable applications to find Web services, either at
design time or runtime.

WSDL: An XML format that allows service interfaces to be

described, along with the details of their bindings to specific
protocols. Typically used to generate server and client code, and for
configuration.

Relationship: A service provider hosts a Web service and makes it

accessible using protocols such as SOAP/HTTP or SOAP/JMS. The Web
service is described by a WSDL document that is stored on the
provider's server or in a special repository. The WSDL document
may be referenced by the UDDI business registry and WSIL
documents. These contain pointers to the Web service's WSDL files.

18.何謂 RPC? 繪圖說明 RPC 的架構?

A: Remote procedure call (RPC) is a technology that allows a
computer program to cause a subroutine or procedure to execute in
another address space (commonly on another computer on a shared
network) without the programmer explicitly coding the details for
this remote interaction. That is, the programmer would write
essentially the same code whether the subroutine is local to the
executing program, or remote.

19.WSDL 的 Element 可以分成那幾種?

A: Types– a container for data type definitions using some type
system (such as XSD).
Message– an abstract, typed definition of the data being
communicated.
Operation– an abstract description of an action supported by the
service.
Port Type–an abstract set of operations supported by one or more
endpoints.
Binding– a concrete protocol and data format specification for a
particular port type.
Port– a single endpoint defined as a combination of a binding and a
network address.
Service– a collection of related endpoints.

20.SOAP 中定義那些東西? SOAP 的訊息格式包含那些?

A: The SOAP envelope construct defines an overall framework for
expressing what is in a message; who should deal with it, and
whether it is optional or mandatory.
The SOAP encoding rules defines a serialization mechanism that
can be used to exchange instances of application-defined datatypes.
The SOAP RPC representation defines a convention that can be
used to represent remote procedure calls and responses.
SOAP also defines two protocol bindings that describe how a SOAP
message can be carried in HTTP messages either with or without the
HTTP Extension Framework.

(1) A required Envelope element that identifies the XML document

as a SOAP message
(2) An optional Header element that contains header information
(3) A required Body element that contains call and response
information
(4) An optional Fault element that provides information about errors
that occurred while processing the message

21.請根據下列的 DTD 列出文件的 XML tag.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE note [
<!ELEMENT note (to, from, heading, body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)> ]>
A: The XML document defined by this DTD can have following tags:
<note>, <to>, </to>, <from>, </from>, <heading>, </heading>,
<body>, </body>, </note>

22.Web service model 中 Client Service Invocation Programming

Models 可以分成三種，分別是那三種? 有何差異?
A: Stub-based (least dynamic):Both interface (WSDL) and
implementation (stub) created at compile time.
Dynamic proxy:Interface (WSDL) created at compile time.
Implementation (dynamic proxy) created at runtime.

Dynamic invocation interface (DII):Both interface (WSDL) and

implementation created at runtime.

23. UDDI 的 Data types 分成四種，那四種?

A: (1) A description of a service’s business function (called the
businessService)
(2) Information about the organization that published the service
(businessEntity),
(3) The service’s technical details (bindingTemplate), including a
reference to the service’s programmatic interface or API, and
(4) Various other attributes or metadata such as taxonomy,
transports, digital signatures, etc. (tModels).