KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION AND IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

WHO USES IT AND AT WHAT LEVEL? e.g. gov't, health professionals, district planners, NGOs, businesses? Rate from 1= least 4= most useful IS NEEDSASSESSMENT PART OF THE TOOL (identify how) Rate from 1-4 1=not at all 4=basis of the tool WHAT IS THE REQUIRED CAPACITY? e.g. human, technical and financial resources IS EQUITY ADDRESSED in terms of PROGRESS? (Place of residence Race Occupation Religion Education SES Social capital/ resources

TOOL

WHAT IS IT?

WHAT INFORMATION DOES IT GIVE? (quantitative or qualitative)

THEORETICAL BASIS

EQUITY GAUGE COMPONENTS (a) measuring/monitoring b)community participation c) advocacy

EVIDENCE OF APPLICATION IN VARIOUS CULTURES

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS?

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS IN TERMS OF EQUITY?

Harvard Policymaker (Poli-map)

computer assisted political analysis

qualitative who the players are; policies, opportunities and obstacle; strategies; impacts

political risk assessment methods; policy analysis; organisational change; political mapping

government (4) district planners (3) NGOs (2) business (2) health professionals (1)

b) community members are subjects of the analysis

can be linked to the tools in needs-assessment (Ch.1); however no explicit needsassessment process defined in the software

individual with computer literacy (high school) trained individual in policy development (district planner or higher) computer at least 486.

Tanzania Mexico Dominican Republic El Salvador Zambia Egypt Ghana Vietnam Sri Lanka India Columbia Thailand Fortune 500 company CIDA is applying this approach to all its projects

No explicit mention

quality, collection and validation of the data cannot be assured time consuming and expensive

Limited

Results-based management (CIDA)

an approach to assist CIDA in its results orientation, focus, efficiency and account-ability

project information in an accessible format

Evidence-based planning (CIET)

community based research and mobilization method, Sentinel Community Surveillance

uses household survey as the methodological cornerstone, to permit fine-tuning and cross-linking of quantative and qualitative data gathering

learning by doing simplicity broad application partnership accountability evidence should contribute to development a common framework is needed for sectoral and intersectoral measurement planning must be sustainable no blueprint

government health professionals funders

a) monitoring is a component b) and c) no explicit mention of community participation or advocacy

Part of design of RBM

Familiarity with RBM process

no explicit mention

training required

Limited

households communities national planners

b) interaction with sentinel communities c) results of studies communicated to the communities

YES

one CIET research trainer local counterparting process delivery capacity to use results

used in 38 countries

PROGRESS components may be addressed in the surveys

substantial resources are required to bring in international level research skills into villages and emergency areas long term institutional commitment required

equity not addressed

WHO Collaborating Center for Health Technology Assessment ~ University of Ottawa Equity Oriented Toolkit ~ Knowledge Translation and Implementation Tools July04

KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION AND IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

WHO USES IT AND AT WHAT LEVEL? e.g. gov't, health professionals, district planners, NGOs, businesses? Rate from 1= least 4= most useful IS NEEDSASSESSMENT PART OF THE TOOL (identify how) Rate from 1-4 1=not at all 4=basis of the tool WHAT IS THE REQUIRED CAPACITY? e.g. human, technical and financial resources IS EQUITY ADDRESSED in terms of PROGRESS? (Place of residence Race Occupation Religion Education SES Social capital/ resources

TOOL

WHAT IS IT?

WHAT INFORMATION DOES IT GIVE? (quantitative or qualitative)

THEORETICAL BASIS

EQUITY GAUGE COMPONENTS (a) measuring/monitoring b)community participation c) advocacy

EVIDENCE OF APPLICATION IN VARIOUS CULTURES

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS?

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS IN TERMS OF EQUITY?

Government Committee on Choices in Healthcare, The Dunning Commission in the Netherlands

A framework that provides a criteria to help identify which health services should be provided

primarily qualitative with some quantitative ordering identifies health services that fulfill the criteria of: necessary, effectiveness, efficiency, and cannot be left to individual responsibility both qualitative and quantitative a) Prevalence of condition (quan) b) Unit cost (quan) c) Variation in rates (quan) d) Burden of illness (qual) e) Results to potentially change f) health outcomes (qual) g) Results of the assessment to change costs (qual) h) Assessment that is informed by ethical, legal and social issues Ultimately a score is calculated to prioritise technology

focuses on concept of choices yet responsibility of the State combination of social and costbenefit theory economics

govt (3) health professionals (1) district planners (3) international NGOs (2) national NGOs (2) local NGOs (1) business (1)

b) the community is consulted with special emphasis on the elderly and women b) the first criteria is determined via a community-oriented approach if necessary

the concept is raised and linked to the needs of the community in terms of equity through dialogue overall rate: 1

A national committee approach with commitment to a several year process to develop a dialogue on issues

Used in The Netherlands; although the Dunning Commission report inspired a number of people, the govt has not fully implemented it

NO

long term process requires political commitment

Limited

Primary Health Care Management Advancement Program (PHC Map) Needs Assessment Module

a series of modules (9), guides and reference materials each module includes a users guide, a facilitators guide and computer programs - essentially it is a survey tool accompanied by a computer programme called Epi-info

Epidemiology methods

govt (3); health professionals (2); district planners (4); international NGOs (3); national NGOs (3); local NGOs (3); businesses (2)

a) monitoring and evaluating health programmes b) the community participates in a variety of ways i.e. through rapid community surveys or client satisfaction assessment c) assessing information needs for management purposes(no explicit mention of advocacy on equity)

part of the questionnaire is to be designed to assess community needs overall rate: 3

district manager planners can be trained to use this tool health centre staff for data collection and analysis Epi-info is the software required (shareware) + computer (minimal 286)

yes: Columbia; India; Kenya; Pakistan; Thailand: the PHC-MAP Training Course is offered by the ASEAN Institute for Health Development (AIHD) with participants from many countries

data stratified by gender other PROGRESS components not explicitly mentioned but may be part of data collected for analysis

the number of questions is limited surveys assess level of health or service coverage. NOT determinants or causes the survey results are not exact estimates; they are confidence intervals

not much emphasis on advocacy and most of the PROGRESS components except gender

WHO Collaborating Center for Health Technology Assessment ~ University of Ottawa Equity Oriented Toolkit ~ Knowledge Translation and Implementation Tools July04

KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION AND IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

WHO USES IT AND AT WHAT LEVEL? e.g. gov't, health professionals, district planners, NGOs, businesses? Rate from 1= least 4= most useful IS NEEDSASSESSMENT PART OF THE TOOL (identify how) Rate from 1-4 1=not at all 4=basis of the tool WHAT IS THE REQUIRED CAPACITY? e.g. human, technical and financial resources IS EQUITY ADDRESSED in terms of PROGRESS? (Place of residence Race Occupation Religion Education SES Social capital/ resources

TOOL

WHAT IS IT?

WHAT INFORMATION DOES IT GIVE? (quantitative or qualitative)

THEORETICAL BASIS

EQUITY GAUGE COMPONENTS (a) measuring/monitoring b)community participation c) advocacy

EVIDENCE OF APPLICATION IN VARIOUS CULTURES

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS?

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS IN TERMS OF EQUITY?

Geographic Information Systems

Automated information Systems based on the methodology of geographical database management and query

provide means of manipulating spatial data and the corresponding attribute information and a means of integrating these different types of data in a single analysis

Geography, cartography, statistical science Methodologies have to be developed by specialists in the field of application, i.e. epidemiologists

research institutes administrative institutions government agencies commercial enterprises

N/A

Data can be used for needs assessment

Information specialists are required to acquire and manage data

GIS have been used in many cultures in other fields, i.e. traffic and transport, agricultural planning, land use, etc. Just beginning to be used in health

Components of PROGRESS may be incorporated into data analysis

Requires training

Equity may be considered

WHO Collaborating Center for Health Technology Assessment ~ University of Ottawa Equity Oriented Toolkit ~ Knowledge Translation and Implementation Tools July04