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1he purpose of Lhls sLudy ls Lo analyse Lhe paLLerns of Slngapore Lourlsm and sLraLegles opLed
by Lhe S18 and also Lo know how lL enhances Lhe economlc growLh by Lourlsm ln Slngapore

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Singapore (also called the Lion City), oIIicially the Republic of Singapore, is a southeast asia
oII the southern tip oI the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres north oI the equator. An island
country made up oI 63 islands, it is separated Irom Malaysia by the Straits oI Johor to its north
and Irom Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly
urbanised but almost halI oI the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created Ior
development through land reclamation.

Singapore had been a part oI various local empires since it was Iirst inhabited in the second
century AD. It hosted a trading post oI the East India Company in 1819 with permission Irom the
Sultanate oI Johor. The British obtained sovereignty over the island in 1824 and Singapore
became one oI the British Straits Settlements in 1826. Singapore was occupied by the Japanese
in World War II and reverted to British rule aIter the war. It became internally selI-governing in
1959. Singapore united with other Iormer British territories to Iorm Malaysia in 1963 and
became a Iully independent state two years later aIter separation Irom Malaysia. Since then it has
had a massive increase in wealth, and is one oI the Four Asian Tigers. The economy heavily
depends on the industry and service sectors. Singapore is a world leader in several areas, it is the
world's Iourth leading Iinancial centre, the world's second biggest casino gambling market, the
world's top three oil reIining centre. The port oI Singapore is one oI the Iive busiest ports in the
world. The country is home to more US dollar millionaire households per capita than any other
country. The World Bank notes Singapore as the easiest place in the world to do business.


Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system oI unicameral parliamentary
government. The People's Action Party (PAP) has won every election since the British grant oI
internal selI-government in 1959. The legal system oI Singapore has its Ioundations in the
English common law system, but modiIications have been made to it over the years, such as the
removal oI trial by jury. The PAP's popular image is that oI a strong, experienced and highly
qualiIied government, backed by a skilled Civil Service and an education system with an
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emphasis on achievement and meritocracy; but it is perceived by some voters, opposition critics
and international observers as being authoritarian and too restrictive on individual Ireedom.


Some 5 million people live in Singapore, oI whom 2.91 million were born locally. Most are oI
Chinese, Malay or Indian descent. There are Iour oIIicial languages: English, Chinese, Malay
and Tamil. One oI the Iive Iounding members oI the Association oI South East Asian Nations,
Singapore also hosts the APEC Secretariat, and is a member oI the East Asia Summit, the Non-
Aligned Movement, and the Commonwealth


BrieI history




Victorious Japanese troops marching through Singapore City aIter British capitulation at the
Battle oI Singapore

The earliest known settlement on Singapore was in the second century AD. It was an outpost oI
the Sumatran Srivijaya empire, named %02,80 ('sea town'). Between the 16th and early 19th
centuries, it was part oI the Sultanate oI Johor. In 1613, Portuguese raiders burnt down the
settlement and the island sank into obscurity Ior the next two centuries.
|12|


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In 1819, Thomas StamIord RaIIles arrived and signed a treaty with Sultan Hussein Shah on
behalI oI the British East India Company to develop the southern part oI Singapore as a British
trading post. In 1824 the entire island became a British possession under a Iurther treaty whereby
the sultan and the Temenggong transIerred it to the British East India Company. In 1826 it
became part oI the Straits Settlements, a British colony. BeIore RaIIles arrived, there were
around 1,000 people living in Singapore, mostly Malays and a Iew dozen Chinese.
|13|
By 1869,
due to migration Irom Malaya and other parts oI Asia, 100,000 people lived on the island.
|14|




During World War II the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Malaya culminating in the Battle oI
Singapore. The British were deIeated, and surrendered on 15 February 1942. British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill called this "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British
history".
|15|
The Sook Ching massacre oI ethnic Chinese aIter the Iall oI Singapore claimed
between 5,000 and 25,000 lives.
|16|
The Japanese occupied Singapore until the British
repossessed it in September 1945 aIter the Japanese surrender.
|17|


Singapore's Iirst general election in 1955 was won by the pro-independence David Marshall,
leader oI the Labour Front. Demanding complete selI-rule he led a delegation to London but was
turned down by the British. He resigned when he returned and was replaced by Lim Yew Hock,
whose policies convinced Britain to grant Singapore Iull internal selI-government Ior all matters
except deIence and Ioreign aIIairs.
|18|


In elections in May 1959 the People's Action Party won a landslide victory. Singapore had
become an internally selI-governing state within the Commonwealth, with Lee Kuan Yew as the
Iirst Prime Minister.
|19|
Governor Sir William Allmond Codrington Goode served as the Iirst
Yang di-Pertuan Negara, and was succeeded by YusoI bin Ishak who in 1965 became the Iirst
President oI Singapore.
|20|



Singapore declared independence Irom Britain on 31 August 1963 beIore joining the new
Federation oI Malaysia in September along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak as the result oI the
1962 Merger ReIerendum. Tunku Abdul Rahman separated Singapore Irom the Federation two
years later aIter heated ideological conIlict between the ruling parties oI Malaya and
Singapore.
|3|

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ECONOMY

BeIore independence in 1965, Singapore was the capital oI the British Straits Settlements and a
Crown Colony The country was also the main British naval base in East Asia.
|49|
Because oI its
status as the main British navel base in the region, as well as hosting the largest dry dock in the
the world at that time in the Iorm oI the Singapore Naval Base, Singapore was ballyhooed in the
press as the 'Gibraltar oI the East'.
|50|
The opening oI the Suez Canal in in 1869 caused global
trade to boom and Singapore became a major trade node in the world, with the Port oI Singapore
becoming one oI the largest and busiest ports in the world.
|51|
BeIore independence in 1965,
Singapore had a GDP per capita oI $511, then the third highest in East Asia.
|52|
AIter
independence, Ioreign direct investment and a state-led drive Ior industrialisation based on plans
by Goh Keng Swee and Albert Winsemius created a modern economy.
|53|


Today, Singapore has a highly developed market-based economy, based historically on extended
entrept trade. Along with Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan, Singapore is one oI the
original Four Asian Tigers. The Singaporean economy is known as one oI the Ireest
|54|
, most
innovative
|55|
, most competitive
|56|
, most business Iriendly
|57|
and least corrupt in the world. The
2011 Index oI Economic Freedom ranks Singapore as the second Ireest economy in the world,
behind Hong Kong. According to the Corruption Perceptions Index Singapore is also
consistently ranked as one oI the least corrupt countries in the world, along with New Zealand
and the Scandinavian countries.

Singapore is the 14th largest exporter and the 15th largest importer in the world. The country has
the highest trade to GDP ratio in the world at 407.9 percent, signiIying the importance oI trade to
its economy. The country is currently the only Asian country to have AAA credit ratings Irom all
three major credit rating agencies Standard & Poor`s, Moody`s and Fitch.
|58|

|59|
Singapore
attracts a lot oI Ioreign direct investment because oI its location, corruption-Iree environment,
skilled work Iorce, low tax rates and advanced inIrastructure.

There are more than 7,000 multi-national corporations Irom the United States, Japan, and Europe
in Singapore. There are also 1,500 companies Irom China and another 1,500 Irom India based in
Singapore. Foreign Iirms are Iound in almost all sectors oI the economy.
|6|
Singapore is also the
second largest Ioreign investor in India.
|60|
Roughly 44 percent oI the Singaporean workIorce is
made up oI non Singaporeans.
|61|
Over ten Iree trade agreements have been signed with other
countries and regions.
|62|

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Tourism help to growth the economy

Although Singapore has a unique location which makes it easier to establish itself as
the most popular tourist destination, the leading destination in southeast asia followed
closely by Thailand and rapidly growing ndonesia
To hold on its position as the premier tourist destination in southeast asia,Singapore to
compete in the rapidly changing and increasingly competitive international market
particularly in asia therefore STB has planned to promote Singapore not only as a
tourism capital of the region and a memorable destination,but also a tourism business
centre.excellent supporting infrastructure,strong financial services and excellent location
make Singapore became a hot tourismhub.

To attract more Singapore tourism,the government of Singapore has invested more
money in the tourism industry,recenbtly it initiative some exciting tourism development
programme
These includes:
a) Two integrated resorts- the marina bay stands which attracts tourism a lot and
also helps to increase its economy all around the world.





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b)sentosa island- it also influence the people lot and every one wants to visit it for fun as
there are lot of beaches pubs,and parties are authorized their







c)The great Singapore flyer-world largest observation wheel-it also one of the attraction
which helps the tourism to attract towards it.lot of people have desire to visit it n it also
effects tourism to attract and also to increase its growth and economy




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d)Gardens by the bay with a majestic and unique lush green development within the
city.
e)The sports hub- inbuilt with world class land and sea sports facilities

f)The national art gallery to be launched in 2012 which will add refinement culture and
history to singapore's existing host of world class attractions.

g)The formula 1 grand prix in 2008.


Enhance the economy:
Tourism had been an important sector of Singapore's economy for more than a decade,
averaging 16 percent of total foreign exchange earnings and 6 percent of GDP between
1980 and 1985. Tourist arrivals had dropped sharply in 1983, however, the first decline
in over twenty years. The decrease resulted both from the regional and world economic
downturn at that time and from travel restrictions instituted by neighboring countries to
preserve their own foreign exchange. Observers noted also that Singapore was losing
its "oriental mystique and charm." n its effort to build a modern city, it had torn down old
buildings and curtailed traditional street activities, aspects considered by tourists to be
part of Singapore's attraction.

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n 1984 the government established a Tourism Task Force to recommend ways to
attract more visitors, and the following year the budget of the Singapore Tourist
Promotion Board was increased by 60 percent. Steps were taken to preserve areas of
special architectural, historical, or cultural interest. Sentosa sland, off the southern
coast, was developed as a resort and recreation center, complete with museums, parks,
golf courses, lagoons, beaches, trails, and gardens, all connected by monorail.
Singapore also began billing itself as the "hub of Southeast Asia" and marketing
sidetrips to destinations in neighboring countries. As with other economic activities,
tourism was viewed as a high value-added industry. Although increasing the absolute
number of visitor arrivals was the main target, a further aim was to attract the high-
spending, business visitors attending conventions and trade exhibitions, which
Singapore hosted in large numbers.

Tourist arrivals recovered quickly from the 1983 downturn, reaching 3 million in 1985. n
1987 tourist arrivals reached 3.7 million, a 15 percent increase over the previous year.
n 1988 arrivals rose another 14 percent to nearly 4.2 million. Singapore's top tourist-
generating markets in 1987 were ASEAN (29 percent), Japan (15 percent), Australia (9
percent), ndia (7 percent), the United States (6 percent), and Britain (5 percent).
Although a building boom had caused a glut of hotel rooms in the mid-1980s, by early
1989 occupancy was running at about 80 percent.

LnhancemenL of economlc by Lhe help of Lourlsm and pollcles

1he managemenL of Lourlsm ln Slngapore has undergone varlous changes over
Lhe decades 1he adopLlon of dlfferenL pollcles and sLraLegles almed aL promoLlng
and champlonlng Lourlsm ln Slngapore has been sub[ecL Lo socloeconomlc
changes on Lhe local and global fronLs A deeper undersLandlng of Lhe lssues
perLalnlng Lo Lourlsm developmenL ln Slngapore necesslLaLes a revlew of Lhe
background" of Lhese challenges as Lhey relaLe Lo parLlcular soclal economlc and
pollLlcal condlLlons of Slngapore

As an lnLroducLlon Lhls secLlon alms Lorevlew Lourlsm pollcles of Slngapore wlLh
parLlcular emphasls on Lhe response Lhe lssues arlslng durlng dlfferenL perlods of
Slngapore's posLlndependence
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Objectives
1) 1 o sLudy vlslon goals and ob[ecLlve of Lourlsm ln Slngapore
2) 1o sLudy comprehenslvely varlables effecLlng Lourlsm lndusLry flndlng resulLs Lheorem
3) 1o perform a quallLaLlve analysls beLween Lourlsm lndusLry of Slngapore and lndla
4) 1o recommend pracLlcal measures concluded from research underLaken ln speclfled
duraLlon

Methodo|ogy
MeLhod of collecLlng daLa
1he research lncludes secondary daLa
Secondary daLa ls belng collecLed by Lhrough lnLerneL varlous webslLes Some
arLlcles on Lhe research Loplc were also Laken lnLo conslderaLlon

Sources
a) ArLlcles
b) lnLerneL
c) Magazlnes
d) ulscovery channels

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