8-Access Technology - Fibre

Access Technology Fibre
By K.K.DHUPAR SDE(NP-II) ALTTC, GHAZIABAD
ALTTC/NP/KKD/Access Technology_Fibre
Slide 1
Contents
Introduction FITL technologies DLC and PON systems Future Trends Conclusion Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
Slide 2
Planning and Networking

In competitive era, for a telecommunication provider to remain the communication provider of choice, the end to end infrastructure must be reliable and survivable while providing the required band width / services.
Slide 3
Services Requirements
POTS/ PCO based services Data networks ATM, IP networks with speed of 64 Kbps, N*64 Kbps & higher bit rates. ISDN BRA, PRA Leased Services Voice, Data Reliability of Service.Quality of service. Quick provisioning of Service. Convergence of Services
Slide 4
Access Network Technologies
Technologies
Copper pair - Analog, limited BW, Huge initial cost, Induction prone, Mtce problems. Simple technology. Presently dominated Radio Based Single channel VHF, MARR,Sat, GSM, WILL, requires frequency spectrum management.Limited BW. Broadband Data also possible at present. O.F Based Different types based on applications. Optimised economic solution for todays requirements.
Slide 5
Access Network Technologies Contd

Each technology has its own application area. FITL is better in - service concentrated areas - far off from telephone exchange (typically more than 2 Km in the present scenario) - Broadband applications. -QOS is required. Can be deployed as Fibre to curb, Fibre to cabinet, Fibre to Building, Fibre to Home.
Slide 6
FTTx
ab
FDF
Slide 7
COPPER N/W
HIGH CAPITAL COST PER LINE COPPER COST INCREASING HIGH MAINTENANCE COSTS RIGHT OF WAY CROWDED, LIMITS NEW CONSTRUCTION LABOUR INTENSIVE BANDWIDTH LIMITATIONS WILL COPPER HANDLE THE NEEDS OF THE INFORMATION AGE ?
Slide 8
WILL YOU STILL BURY COPPER ?

OLD AND WORN OUT CABLES HAVE POOR INSULATION WATER SEEPAGE DURING MONSOON DIFFICULT AND EXPENSIVE MAINTENANCE REPEATED DIGGING AND JOINTING MAKES LOCAL LOOP VULNERABLE TO FAULTS
Slide 9
ADVANTAGES OF FITL
LESS MAINTENANCE IMMUNE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CAPACITY INCREASE SIMPLER* PLANNING / ENGINEERING EASIER FUTURE PROOF LESS SPACE REQUIREMENT - NO CONGESTION LIMITATIONS AVAILABILITY OF RELIABLE POWER SUPPLY NO MAJOR DEMAND FOR BROADBAND SERVICES CAPITAL INVESTMENT
Slide 10
PERMANENT FEEDER CONCEPT
COPPER
CAPACITY EXPANSION ENVELOPE
FIBER
NODAL CAPACITY EXPANSION ENVELOPE
Slide 11
CLASSIFICATION
FITL
PENETRATION
TYPES OF COMPONENTS
AON (DLC) PON
FTTC FTT Cabinet FTTB FTTH
Slide 12
DIGITAL LOOP CARRIER SYSTEM
SWITCH
EXCHANGE TERMINAL
REMOTE TERMINAL
BORSCHT BATTERY BACK UP REMOTE MAINTENANCE ENVIRONMENTALLY ROBUST
COST EFFECTIVE FOR A CLUSTER OF ~ 100 OR MORE SUBSCRIBERS SUITABLE FOR URBAN/SUBURBAN APPLICATIONS
Slide 13
FTTC NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - ACTIVE STAR

(DLC WITH FIBER)
R T CSA R T LOCAL EXCHANGE R T R T R T
R T R T
R T
CSA: CARRIER SERVICE AREA
Slide 14
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - RING

(DLC WITH FIBER)
R T R T R T
R T CSA R T LOCAL EXCHANGE
R T
R T
R T
RING : HIGHER RELIABILITY SUITABLE FOR BUSINESS CUSTOMERS END TO END OAM WITH SDH RING
Slide 15
DIGITAL LOOP CARRIER SYSTEMS

APPLICATION - FACILITY SAVINGS
APARTMENT EXCHANGE METALLIC/FIBER C-DOT/EXM BUSINESS CENTRE
SUBURBAN AREA
RT/CSM RT/CSM
RURAL AREA
RT/CSM
INDUSTRIAL PARK
Slide 16
BASIC PON SYSTEM
OI
TO SWITCH
P D I P D I
ONU ONU
HDT
P D I SPLITTER PDN
P D I
ONU
VIDEO ONU PDN HDT OI : : : : OPTICAL NETWORK UNIT PON DISTRIBUTION NETWORK HOST DIGITAL TERMINAL OPERATIONS INTERFACE
Slide 17
FITL Technology
Fiber in the loop is given to the system which is based on fiber in the access network to provide various services(with no limit on BW practically) to a subscriber on demand with a good quality of service and a totally managed system. Between COT and RT/Subscriber, the Single Mode Fibre (Single fibre or Ribbonised (12F) Fibre) shall be used.
Slide 18
Ribbon Dimension & Cross section
Ribbon Dimension
Fibre count per Ribbon 12F Width of Ribbon (W) (Max) 3220m Height of ribbon (H) (Max) 360m Extreme Fibers (B) (Max) 2882m
Planarity
(P) (Max) 75m
Cross Section
Slide 19
Ribbon Cable Diagram - 48F

Nylon-12 Orange Jacket Rip cord Core flooding compound HDPE Sheath Loose tube with Fibres and Jelly Central strength member
12F RIBBON
Core covering Filler
Slide 20
Ribbon Cable Diagram - 96F

Nylon-12 Orange Jacket Rip cord Core flooding compound HDPE Sheath Loose tube with Fibres and Jelly Central strength member
12F RIBBON
Core covering Filler
Slide 21
Advantages
Fibre up to RT/ Subscriber. In case of RT only last mile on copper, Fibre means better reliability and QOS. Totally Managed network system resulting in less Maintenance efforts, quick provisioning, etc. Caters for all types of Services. Can serve many Subscribers at different places Through Access Terminals.
Slide 22
Applications
Multi-story Buildings - Residential, Business/ corporate houses New/developing/existing residential colonies/ Societies. Suburban Residential/ Industrial Areas Peripheral Villages.
Slide 23
PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. AREAS WHERE COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SUBS ARE LOCATED. AREAS HAVING REQUIREMENT FOR HIGH SPEED DATA. AREAS WITH DEMAND. SUBS HAVING HIGHER QUALITY
AREAS HAVING TRAFFIC / PHYSICAL CONGESTION LOCALITIES HAVING HIGH DEMAND AND NO CABLE PAIR. OF / DLC :- IN LIEU OF CABLE SIZES MORE THAN 400 PAIRS AND LENGTH MORE THAN 3KM.
Slide 24
Technology types
Three types Based on Service and deployment considerations. Digital loop Carrier System for voice and data services based on PDH/ SDH transport . Passive Optical Network(PON) - ATM PON networks are famous. Available for voice and data services. Hybrid Fibre Co-axial (HFC) for broadcasting and internet based services. Limited voice services.
Slide 25
DLC Systems - General

Point to Point with PDH Point to Point or Ring with SDH. Protection against fibre failure/ Cut. Applications - FTTB/FTTC/FTTH for providing various services. Central office terminal (COT) at Exchange. Remote (Access ) Terminal (RT)/(AT) at FTTB/FTTC or ONT at subs premises.
Slide 26
Central Office terminal PSTN Connectivity

COT can be connected to Exchange using V5.2 interface on 2mbps or 2 Wire interface V5.2 is available with main Exchange only. Not with RLU/RSU. With V5.2, 16/8 PCMs shall be connected to COT from exchange and 2 Wire connections at RT for PSTN switch connections The capacity of the system using V5.2 is based on concentration. However is limited by system capacity, traffic pattern and total data connectivity requirement.
Slide 27
Central Office terminal Leased Data and NMS Connectivity Leased Circuits can be connected from MLLN/V Mux or from transmission network to COT. For local management, Local craft terminal may be connected at the assigned port. Centralised NMS may be extended to a central location either with LAN or Data network.
Slide 28
Remote Terminal
RT/AT can be indoor type or outdoor type. The capacity of AT may be 120/480/1890X 64Kbps. From RT/AT, Connection to subscriber is on copper with a Max distance of 4 Km for PSTN network connections. Data and leased line connectivity from RT to Subscriber may be with xDSL on a copper pair.
Slide 29
Layering of Networks
Single layer or Multi layer networks can be deployed. In multi layer ADMs/RTs may be co-located or separately placed. Planning shall be accurate for multi layer network for proper flow of data. Multilayering is possible with STM-4/16 capacities.
Slide 30
DEPLOYMENT
1 LAYER CONFIGURATION
Data N/W
SWITCH
COT
OFC 15 Kms Max
AT
N M S
AT
Leased
AT
AT
4 Km Max. ER COPP
Slide 31
DEPLOYMENT
2 LAYER CONFIGURATION
Data
SWITCH
COT
OFC
A D M
A D M
AT
STM-4 2 FIBRE RING

N M S
STM-1 2 FIBRE RING
AT
AT
AT
AT
AT
L E A S E d
Slide 32
PON Technology
Star type Network. Passive splitters are deployed in the network Uses TDM/TDMA techniques in the down/ up directions. Optical network terminating Units are deployed at Remote terminals. The capacity is 128X 64 Kbps.
Slide 33
10 Soh ian
13 Jogi Majr a
9 Bu rKhara
11 Tim ber wal
12 Ram garh Sardar n
8 Shekh a
TE LE X GE Mal lo nd :- A AAAAAAAAAAAAA1 -------> 4. 4 Km . 2 -------> 6. 2 Km . 3 -------> 1. 4 Km . 4 -------> 5. 2 Km . 5 -------> 6. 5 Km . 6 -------> 3. 35 Km . 7 -------> 0. 6 Km . 8 -------> 3. 0 Km . 9 -------> 5. 1 Km . 10 -----> 5.6 Km . 11 -----> 4.8 Km . 12 -----> 4.700 Km . 13 -----> 7.4 Km .
7 Ro rian 24 Fibre OF C Kup Road TELEPHONE Exchang e
P O N
Malaud
24 Fibre OF C Dudu al Ro ad 1 Chum m o
3 Kheri Som al
6 Gosalan
4 Ber Kal an
Rara S ahi b Ro ad
Ro ad nn a
2 Babarpu r
5 Berkhur ad
K ha
Telecom Engineer ing C entre GOPA L Project PON Insta llation Option 2
Slide 34
HFC technology
Fibre up to Node. Co- axial Cable in the last mile. A node may be in Ring or star. Cable TV services, Telecom services are possible. Node to Subscriber distance up to 1000 m, using line Amplifiers. Line Amplifiers are powered from Node Line Amplifiers are analog.Cascading is limited
Slide 35
Future Trends
DLC on SDH is preferred by telecom operators to provide access. xDSL technologies are being implemented for greater reach to transport data. Data network through dynamic Band width allocation. As per BW requirements DWDM can be deployed on the existing Fibre in future. Management can be integrated with TMN for centralised management.
Slide 36
Future Trends
A cost effective solution to provide multi services to a subscriber on a single access network without compromising quality of service. Convergence in the access with fibre technology. Optimised solution with perfect planning.
Slide 37
Conclusion
Providing Connectivity by Optical Fibre is economical and technically viable. The provision of OFC ensures a media that will not require replacement New services can be provided in a cost effective manner with a modular expansion. Quality of service is ensured.
Slide 38
Other Ethernet Networks

Several schemes have been devised to improve the performance and speed of Ethernet LANs
Switched Ethernet Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet
Slide 39
Switched Ethernet
Improves the performance of 10BaseT 10BaseT is a shared media Ethernet More than one station try to send frames simultaneously, there is a collision In Switched Ethernet hub is replaced by a LAN switch LAN switch recognise destination address and route the frame only to that port At the same time it can switch another frame meant for another station, without collision
Slide 40
Switched Ethernet
HUB
A LAN Switch
A B ALTTC/NP/KKD/Access Technology_Fibre D
Slide 41
LAN Switch
Control Unit
B U F F E R B U F F E R B U F F E R B U F F E R B U F F E R
Switching Table
Slide 42
Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet is a version of Ethernet with a 100 Mbps data rate Follows star topology and CSMA/CD like 10BaseT
Slide 43
Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet 100 Base-X 100 Base-TX 100 Base-FX 100 Broad-T4
Slide 44
Fast Ethernet
100 Base-TX
Uses 2 pairs (1 pair towards hub and other pair from hub) of CAT-5 UTP or STP Encoding used is 4B/5B Distance between hub & station be < 100 M
100 Base-FX
Uses 2 optical Fibers (1 fibre towards hub and other fibre from hub) Encoding used is 4B/5B Distance between hub & station be < 2000 M
Slide 45
Fast Ethernet
100 Base-T4
Makes use of already exiting telephone cables Uses 4 pairs of voice grade UTP CAT-3 2 pairs are bi-directional and the other 2 are uni-directional At a time 3 pairs are used to carry data in each direction at a data rate of 33.33 Mbps i.e. 2 pairs carry data bi-directionally Encoding used is 8B/6T (8Binary/6Ternary) Distance between hub & station be < 100 M
Slide 46
Gigabit Ethernet
1 Gbps Switch
1 Gbps Trunk
100 Mbps Switch
1 Gbps Trunk
100 Mbps Switch
Gigabit Ethernet usually serves a backbone to connect Fast Ethernet networks Operates at 1000 Mbps or 1 Gbps Designed to use optical fibers in gigabits segments Encoding used is 8B/10B (8Binary/10Binary) ALTTC/NP/KKD/Access Technology_Fibre
Slide 47
Gigabit Ethernet
4 implements have been designed:
1000 Base-LX 1000 Base-SX 1000 Base-CX 1000 Base-T
1000Base-LX Optical Fiber (Multi mode; Single mode) Long-Wave Laser 550 Meters Multi mode; 5000 Meters Single mode 1000Base-SX Optical Fiber (Multi mode) Short-Wave Laser 1000Base-CX STP Electrical 1000Base-T UTP Electrical
FEATURE MEDIUM SIGNAL MAXIMUM DISTANCE
550 Meters
25M
25M
Slide 48
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8-Access Technology - Fibre

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Access Technology Fibre

By K.K.DHUPAR SDE(NP-II) ALTTC, GHAZIABAD

Planning and Networking

Access Network Technologies

Access Network Technologies Contd

WILL YOU STILL BURY COPPER ?

PERMANENT FEEDER CONCEPT

CAPACITY EXPANSION ENVELOPE

NODAL CAPACITY EXPANSION ENVELOPE

FTTC FTT Cabinet FTTB FTTH

DIGITAL LOOP CARRIER SYSTEM

BORSCHT BATTERY BACK UP REMOTE MAINTENANCE ENVIRONMENTALLY ROBUST

FTTC NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - ACTIVE STAR

R T CSA R T LOCAL EXCHANGE R T R T R T

CSA: CARRIER SERVICE AREA

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE - RING

R T CSA R T LOCAL EXCHANGE

DIGITAL LOOP CARRIER SYSTEMS

APARTMENT EXCHANGE METALLIC/FIBER C-DOT/EXM BUSINESS CENTRE

BASIC PON SYSTEM

Ribbon Dimension & Cross section

(P) (Max) 75m

Ribbon Cable Diagram - 48F

Core covering Filler

Ribbon Cable Diagram - 96F

Core covering Filler

DLC Systems - General

Central Office terminal PSTN Connectivity

OFC 15 Kms Max

STM-4 2 FIBRE RING

STM-1 2 FIBRE RING

11 Tim ber wal

12 Ram garh Sardar n

7 Ro rian 24 Fibre OF C Kup Road TELEPHONE Exchang e

24 Fibre OF C Dudu al Ro ad 1 Chum m o

Other Ethernet Networks

FEATURE MEDIUM SIGNAL MAXIMUM DISTANCE

Thank you for your Kind Attention

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