Waterjet

first draft 9/23/04 from Prof. Carmichael notes. 9/17/06: modified to reflect w (V=>VA) and separate inlet and outlet pressure loss (in addition to drag) to reflect paper

VA w Vs Vj

velocity inlet wake fraction ship velocity nozzle (outlet) velocity

VA := Vs(1 w) T = m_dot VJ VA

Vj

h d VA

m_dot = mass_flow_rate p local = p atmos + g d 1 1 2 2 p oin = p local + VA = p atmos + gd + VA 2 2 1 2 p op = p oin g(d + h) = p atmos gh + VA 2 1 2 p oj = p atmos + Vj 2

at inlet centerline ...

at this point ... total pressure (pitot tube) pressure at inlet to pump ... total pressure (pitot tube) ...

pressure at pump exit... total pressure (pitot tube) .. total pressure increase across pump ...

1 1 2 2 1 2 2 p oj p op = p atmos + Vj p atmos + gh VA = Vj VA + gh 2 2 2 p oj p op V VA 2 j 1
2 2

energy rise across the pump per unit mass flow is ...

+ gh

power absorbed by ideal pump is therefore ... ideal efficiency is then ... PTi Ppi

Ppi = m_dot

p oj p op

1 2 2 = m_dot Vj VA + g h 2

and quasi propulsive coefficient is ... PE Ppi R Vs PPi (1 t) T s V PPi 1 t PTi 1 t T VA 1 t

= = 1 w PPi 1 w Ppi 1 w
i

i =

D =

effective_power power_delivered

i =

PTi Ppi

T VA Ppi

m_dot VA VJ VA

1 2 2 m_dot Vj VA + g h 2

2 VA VJ VA
2 2

2 VA VJ VA
2 2

2 =

VJ VA
2

Vj VA + 2g h

Vj VA + 2g h

Vj gh V 1 + 2 2 A V

if h = 0 i =

VJ VA

=
2 Vj VA
+1 same as propeller (we developed following in actuator disk

Vj 1 VA

from actuator_disk.mcd using new variables to avoid duplication v := VVj VVA v VV := VVA + 2 T VVA T V VVA VVA + VVj 2 1+ VVj VVA what are implications of VVj = VVA ?

I :=

simplify 2

I =

h cannot be negative (would be ducted prop, h limits efficiency

Real waterjet with losses

net thrust of waterjet conventional drag coefficient Tnet = T Draginlet Cd = Drag 1 2 drag coefficient of inlet CD = 1 2 v A Drag v A
2 2

T = m_dot Vj VA

Drag 1 2 VAAVA

Drag 1 2 m_dotVA

net thrust

Vj 1 1 Tnet = T Draginlet = m_dot Vj VA CD m_dot VA = m_dot VA 1 CD 2 VA 2

net thrust power

1 2 Vj PT_net = TnetVA = m_dot VA 1 CD 2 VA

delta p across pump must be increased to account for losses ...

we'll assume separate inlet and outlet losses
assume internal losses are ... ~ 1/2**v^2 and the pump pressure rise is ...
non-dimensional pressure loss coefficient is .... and the real pump pressure rise is ...

p loss = p in_loss + p out_loss

p in_loss Kin = 1 2 VA 2 p out_loss 1 2 Vj
2

Kout =

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 p oj p op = Vj VA + gh + p loss = Vj VA + gh + Kin VA + Kout Vj 2 2 2 2

2 V 2 V j 1 + 2 g h + K + K j p oj p op = VA in out V VA 2 2 A VA

ideal pump power is ...

Ppi = m_dot

p oj p op

2 V 2 j 1 + 2 g h + K + K Vj = m_dot VA in out V V 2 2 A

A
V

define p such that

p =

Ppi Pp

Pp = actual_pump_power
2 2 2

Vj m_dot p oj p op 1 m_dot VA Vj g h Pp = = = V 1 + 2 2 + Kin + Kout V 2 p p p

A
V A

PPi PT_net Pp m_dot VA =

2 2 2

Vj

real =

1 1 CD 2 VA

Vj g h 1 m_dot VA Vj 1 + 2 + Kin + Kout VA

2 2 p
VA
VA
for a different form ... multiply numerator and denominator by (V A/Vj)^2 ...

2 p real =
2

Vj

1 1 CD 2 VA

2 p =

VA Vj
2

VA

1 VA CD Vj 2 Vj
2

Vj Vj g h V 1 + 2 2 + Kin + Kout V
A

A
VA

VA VA g h 1 + 2 2 + Kin V + Kout
Vj

j
Vj
1 2 p ( 1 )
CD 2
1 + Kout 1 Kin + 2
2

and substitute for VA/Vj ...

real =

1 2 p ( 1 )
CD 2
Kin 1 + 1 + Kout + 2
2

g h Vj
2

g h Vj
2

and the quasi propulsive coefficient is then .. Vj 1 1 2 p 1 CD 2 ( 1 )

CD VA 2 1t 1t 2


D = = 2 2 2 g h 1w p 1w p 1 + Kout 1 Kin + 2 Vj Vj g h 2 V 1 + 2 2 + Kin + Kout V Vj
A

A
VA as from above ... 1 2 Vj net thrust power PT_net = TnetV = m_dot VA 1 CD 2 VA

first some comments to relate to previous lecture/notes version and Wrtsil paper
with Kout = 0 (N.B. this just means lumping all the pressure losses into a factor of 1/2* *VA^2 and
accounting for a drag increase due to the inlet ...
2 p p

Vj
2

D =

1t 1w

1 1 CD 2 VA

this is the form previously

Vj g h 1 + 2 2
+ K
VA VA

and ... with CD = 0 and assuming h = 0 (i.e. head loss is small compared to other terms ... this is the form in the paper with D = 1t 1w p 2 ( 1 ) 1 + Kout 1 Kin
2

Kout = = nozzle_loss_coefficient

Kout =

p out_loss 1 2 Vj
2

Kin = = inlet_loss_coefficient

p in_loss Kin = 1 2 VA 2

at this point, assuming K, C D, and p are constant, could differentiate wrt V j/VA (or
) and determine V j/VA for max propulsive coefficient, but minimum weight usually
determines parameters.

pump background (Wislicenus)

example