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Paper Reference

6 1 3 5

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No.

0 1

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Paper Reference(s)

6135/01

Examiners use only

Edexcel GCE

Team Leaders use only

Biology (Salters-Nuffield)
Advanced
Unit Test 5 Paper 01

Question Leave
Number Blank

Friday 12 June 2009 Afternoon

Time: 1 hour

1
2
3
4
5

Materials required for examination

Ruler

Items included with question papers

Nil

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
Check that you have the correct question paper. The paper reference is shown above.
Answer ALL FIVE questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
If you need to use additional answer sheets, attach them loosely but securely inside this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
There are 5 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this question paper is 40.
There are 12 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
2009 Edexcel Limited.
Printers Log. No.

N34066A
W850/R6135/57570 6/6/4/2/

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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1.

Sea slug

Magnification 2
Sea slugs live in a marine environment where they have to withstand constant wave
action. A sea slug draws water through its gill and then expels it through a siphon. The
gill provides a large surface area for absorbing oxygen from the water.
Kandels studies on sea slugs involved repeatedly stimulating the siphon with a jet of water.
At first the gills were withdrawn. After many repeats, the sea slug stopped withdrawing
its gills. This is an example of habituation.
(a) (i) Explain the term habituation.
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(1)
(ii) Suggest how habituation helps a sea slug to survive.
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(1)

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(b) Suggest why sea slugs are a useful model in helping to explain human brain
function.
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(2)
(c) Describe the differences in the functions of sensory, relay and motor neurones.
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(2)

Q1

(Total 6 marks)

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2.

The Tour de France is an endurance event which involves competitors cycling 3553
kilometres in 23 days.

There are several theories as to why some cyclists are more successful than others in
endurance events. One suggestion is that levels of a natural hormone are increased.
(a) Compare the involvement of hormones and nerves in the coordination of a cyclist.
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(3)
(b) Another suggestion is that these cyclists could have genes which contribute to their
success in endurance events. These could include the following genes.

PPAR delta variant which is thought to allow growth of more slow twitch
muscle fibres.

CKMM an allele which allows oxygen to be used more efficiently in the release
of energy in respiration.

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(i) Give the term for a characteristic controlled by alleles at more than one locus.
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(1)
(ii) Suggest why top endurance cyclists might have more slow twitch fibres than less
successful cyclists.
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(3)
(c) (i) Erythropoetin and creatine are chemicals which have been used by some athletes
as performance-enhancing drugs.
Suggest reasons why the use of these drugs to improve performance in athletic
events is thought to be unacceptable.
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(2)
(ii) Erythropoetin and creatine can both be produced in the human body. Synthetic
creatine cannot be distinguished from natural creatine in a body fluid sample.
Synthetic erythropoetin can be distinguished from natural erythropoetin.
Suggest how these differences might affect drugs testing policy.
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(1)

Q2

(Total 10 marks)

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3.

The initial stage of aerobic respiration is glycolysis. The diagram below outlines some of
the steps of glycolysis.
Glucose

Glucose phosphate

Substance X
(a) (i) Substance X is the final product of glycolysis. Name substance X.
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(1)
(ii) Explain how glucose is changed into glucose phosphate in the first step of
glycolysis.
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(b) If oxygen is present, the products of glycolysis undergo further reactions in the Krebs
cycle.
Describe what happens in the Krebs cycle.
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(3)
(c) The diagram below shows the changes in energy levels during aerobic respiration.
Energy changes

Energy level

C6H12O6 + 6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O

Progress of reaction
Explain what happens to the energy released in aerobic respiration as shown in the
diagram above.
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(2)

Q3

(Total 8 marks)

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4.

A spirometer can be used to measure changes in the rate of breathing.

The following graphs were produced to compare the rate of breathing of a seventeen-year
old student when cycling on an exercise bike and when at rest.
Each time the student breathes in, the line on the graph falls. Each time the student
breathes out, the line rises.
Exercise graph

6
5

Volume3 of
air / dm

4
3
2

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50

40

30
Time / secs

20

10

0
0

60

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(a) (i) Calculate the mean tidal volume when the student was exercising.
Show your working.

Answer .........................................
(2)
(ii) Calculate the mean breathing rate of the student during the first 30 seconds of
exercise.

Answer .........................................
(2)

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At rest graph

6
5

Volume3 of
air / dm

4
3
2

50

40

30
Time / secs

20

10

0
0

60

(iii) Compare the breathing of this student at rest and during exercise.
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(b) The graph below shows the breathing rate of a different student before, during and
after exercise.

20

exercise starts

exercise stops

15
Breathing
rate / dm3 min1

10

12

11

10

5 6 7
Time / min

0
0

13

Describe and explain the changes in breathing rate of the student during this
investigation.
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(5)

Q4

(Total 11 marks)

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11

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5.

The diagram below shows a rod cell from the retina of a mammal.

Outer segment

Nucleus
Synaptic body
Describe the sequence of events which occurs when light falls on a rod cell.
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(Total 5 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 40 MARKS
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Q5