ROOT BINDING TECHNIQUE

Bracketing technique

Interhalving (Bisection) Method

Example 3: (page 10)
Given :Ea 0.0001 (terminating condition)
Equation:
f(x)=x-4x+x-10
(-)

x
4.0000
4.0000
4.2500
4.2500
4.2500
4.2813
4.2969
4.3047
4.3047
4.3066
4.3066
4.3066
4.3069
4.3069

f(x)
-6.0000
-6.0000
-1.2344
-1.2344
-1.2344
-0.5637
-0.2219
-0.0494
-0.0494
-0.0060
-0.0060
-0.0060
-0.0006
-0.0006

(+)

f(x)

5.0000 20.0000
4.5000
4.6250
4.5000
4.6250
4.3750
1.5527
4.3125
0.1243
4.3125
0.1243
4.3125
0.1243
4.3125
0.1243
4.3086
0.0373
4.3086
0.0373
4.3076
0.0156
4.3071
0.0048
4.3071
0.0048
4.3086
0.0373

x
4.5000
4.2500
4.3750
4.3125
4.2813
4.2969
4.3047
4.3086
4.3066
4.3076
4.3071
4.3069
4.3070
4.3077

f(x)
4.6250
-1.2344
1.5527
0.1243
-0.5637
-0.2219
-0.0494
0.0373
-0.0060
0.0156
0.0048
-0.0006
0.0021
0.0183

New Computed Value of x

Previous Computed Value of x

x
Ea
New Computed Value of x 4.3069 0.0000
Previous Computed Value of4.3069
x

ROOT BINDING TECHNIQUE

Open Method

Secant Method
Example 6: (page 14)
Given :Ea 0.0001 (terminating condition)
Equation:

Note : f(x) and f(x) SH

f(x)=x-4x+x-10
(-)

f(x)
4.0000
4.0000
4.0000
4.0000
4.0000
4.0000

-6.0000
-6.0000
-6.0000
-6.0000
-6.0000
-6.0000

(+)

f(x)
5.0000 20.0000
4.2308 -1.6386
4.3175
0.2353
4.3055 -0.0316
4.3071
0.0043
4.3069 -0.0006

x
4.2308
4.3175
4.3055
4.3071
4.3069
4.3069

New Computed Value of x

Previous Computed Value of x

Note : f(x) and f(x) SHOULD NOT BE EQUAL

x
Ea
w Computed Value of x 4.3069 0.0000
evious Computed Value4.3069
of x

INTERPOLATION

Newton's Divided Difference Interpolating P

Example 16 : (page 39)
Given :
x
f(x)

-4

-1

-2

f(x) = -66 + 13(x

-66

25

-3

-10

-1

PERFECT FIT

'f(x)

f(x)
-4
3
-1
2
-2
1

Newton's

-66
25
-3
6
-10
-1

''f(x)
13
7
3
4
3

'''f(x)
-2
4
-1
1

f(x)
1
1
1

f(x)
0
0

to check :
x
-4
3
-1
2
-2
1

rpolating Polynomial
Newton's Divided Difference Interpolating Polynomial

f(x) = -66 + 13(x + 4) - 2(x + 4)(x - 3) + 1(x + 4)(x - 3)(x + 1) + 0

PERFECT FIT !!!

to check :
f(x)
-66
25
-3
6
-10
-1

INTEGRATION

MULTIPLE APPLICATION TRAPEZOIDAL R

Example 17 : (page 43)
Given :
f(x)=0.2+25x-200x+675x-900x+400x
x=0 to x=0.8
n=1,2,3,4,6, and 8.

integral of the function of x : f(x) = 0.2+(25/2)x-(200/3)x+(675/4)x

A = 1.64053 sq. Units
at n = 1
n
h
1

x
0.8

at n = 2
n
h
2

0.4

at n = 4
n
h

0.2
0.232

0
0.4
0.8

f(x)

f(x)

0.2
4.912
0.232

5.344

0.2
2.86544856
6.974353909
0.232

10.27180247

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2
1.288
2.456
3.464
0.232

f(x)

0.432

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2
1.43272428
3.487176955
0.232

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8

0.2
0.232

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2
2.456
0.232

0
0.26667
0.53333
0.8

0.2

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)

f(x)

3 0.26667

at n = 6
n
h

0
0.8

at n = 3
n
h

f(x)

0.2
2.576
4.912
6.928
0.232

14.848

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)

6 0.13333

at n = 8
n
h
8

0
0.13333
0.26667
0.4
0.53333
0.66667
0.8

x
0.1

0.2
1.3101893
1.43272428
2.456
3.487176955
2.874897119
0.232

f(x)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

0.2
2.620378601
2.86544856
4.912
6.974353909
5.749794239
0.232

23.55397531

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2
1.289
1.288
1.607
2.456
3.325
3.464
2.363
0.232

0.2
2.578
2.576
3.214
4.912
6.65
6.928
4.726
0.232

32.016

EZOIDAL RULE

0/3)x+(675/4)x-(900/5)x+(400/6)x ; limit is from 0 to 0.8

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

0.1728

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.0688

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.369573663

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.4848

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.570265021

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.6008

INTEGRATION

MULTIPLE APPLICATION SIMPSON'S 1/3 RU

Example 19 : (page 46)
Given :
f(x)=0.2+25x-200x+675x-900x+400x
n = 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8
at n = 2
n
h
2

at n = 4
n
h
4

x
0.4

f(x)
0
0.4
0.8

x
0.2

f(x)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8

at n = 6
n
h
x
6 0.1333
0
0.1333
0.2667
0.4
0.5333
0.6667
0.8
at n = 8
n
h
8

x
0.1

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2
0.2
10.256
2.456
9.824
0.232
0.232

0.2
1.288
2.456
3.464
0.232

f(x)
0.2
1.3102
1.4327
2.456
3.4872
2.8749
0.232

f(x)
0
0.1

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2
24.352
5.152
4.912
13.856
0.232

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2 36.83614815
5.240757202
2.86544856
9.824
6.974353909
11.49958848
0.232

trapeziodal pattern
summation of f(x)
0.2
0.2
49.184
1.289
5.156

0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8

1.288
1.607
2.456
3.325
3.464
2.363
0.232

2.576
6.428
4.912
13.3
6.928
9.452
0.232

A = 1.64053 sq. Units (right answer)

at n = 8 ; A = 1.63947 sq. Units

SIMPSON'S 1/3 RULE

Method of Our Choice

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.367466667

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.623466667

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.63716214

I (INTEGRAL) in sq. units

1.639466667