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>llpporyl ",id.""" 01 o.rly <xhil>o".,n.
.nd I(.hnw.il<;-, . , p ..... n .. d
inl'".rci),ix.nd j.,nR",,,,,k,.L.
C"I);,,,,. d. Pi<""", <alaloll'"
d. /,,,,,",,,... IN.LlCh ... I.
'9191 wtll os R"bm.
B""I'" ,nd 1 .. 1><11. Monodfon .. int.
D.mtfl.H,nry
hlllno km"mIPoris.17S4).
1
8 .. q .... rO l"ly 1'" .iIl ......
_.fi.:.on.JoodoNimn.j."p<n ..
qu.I<u ... j.,d<j'tr.m.fom>f."",oik
qLl<j'''''$rumm<"",J ' "n booMn"'''
nun.lki"nod" j'p<n""qu'il po", t ...
bi.n .. .., $' b.ndc,ille j, I. ml in
.. j.,.ch.drl.,if,ircunes""ul<bi,nJ"
midi." C;,w in I"n byeo",in"
.... nllry Ch",,,,,logr." J99. 110m.
/,.blo I'icuso to o.niolHtnrr
K.hn_ilor,ujUn<[9u ,q"r)lWln
Pio, .... A;"",line, L'Hom"", tit I,,,,.
D,Il. .. it.. ,884-[979 Ir ..
'&7: -J,,,oi. qtl< ITI.I rointu",
", .. "'bu" .... ct d.".
"'"'' v",,,,n. ct vou. '"II" nUl>
n ... , pri,do'''' fini <I pou" , n. i'"
''''''.-
! Pi",,,",, m K.hn_i ....
q""'Wln ibid .. [61' "\'"" . ....
... Uhd< .... i .... p' .... uhl .. ux
do'n .. "drmor""il.du RI ...... ,n ..
dndrop<.HX p<tI[.ft"' ......... n"""",
i d<lI""'Of 'our I. m""do <I n ..... " ""
.. ' ... n. , .... '0'" di._-Thopic'''' O$mu"
b. ,h. "No"' ..I,,<,,i, ,,' d,M, 1'0"-
".<i ul.pring 19H. rhotlS" ",." ,,1
,h. ",.Iog"". men[ion. Ril'Olin
<n ..
Lt d. P;co o, "", . .. 6J4J.
Wilh<!mU ..... , .... t..-pon .. i' Pka...,
badp,oon,"' inI 9 Io,h.dbn-nonool
f.:rrnt .arly .,....-.....
,
PMOfOP/ry 0{ World H",rK)'.
1",,,,,,iN""'" (Cambridge, [9H). I .
wnh lost $to""", tr.mp""'d f,om
IT,,,,;)',i,,,, mooifiw. 1 w.o""
""",hH<gdi. n1ifl.,u ouIJ re.
>OIl.blyI>< managl.)
7 Fria/', Mon", MO;/..,."I, ...
ITI.Ik .... pl"'i,'hcwooyF'iod.I .. or
won. ."",'t.". ,,,'h hi ..... n""P f,,,,,,
COn<lu_h.,-.du.nsI W"" . Com
p' ... Mich .. lfrinl ..... "o..JObi,bootI
(Chic'I\<>.1 9981.apially,ho,n,rod"".
,ory .... y,For ..... I .. i,dy .. rl y .nic:k
",hi<h."",. ;n brill .. n, ,,urlintol
Friw .... w, of ,he iss"<.,,,nf,,,nrins
P' lo. in8 11I ,h.ni ... , .. ,"h"n"")' ....
Micn...1 F"od. "'Thon,., Coo''''''nJ
,hon..,,,ial,U1,,,,,"ofAeuon.n'9rh
C<nlUryFr<n<h l' .... "ns.- Itn{OT"m.8
UUO"970)'J6-.6.np. , o-.6
8 Willi.,," lI"b,n. I'lcofloi,,''''
('.bllt<,icm 0('''' ,\I" .. ",,, of M<>d""
.... rt IN.", York. My l<a niog
"" ,hi, d.",r ip'i"" "" h<.vily willI><
undc,.,ood.IOOp. .... b.>ckh.ndod
,t.ooky"",,,. ",1>oI.,wt.o.. work on
Cubrompu""'.lImh .....
I>< chr lrom ,11< ... , ol my
9Th< "h .. f in,orp.....-..,. 01
1(, ., .... TO>i ..... . "ick. "Til< C"bi ..
I">'h.- /trtfor"ln. 9. n". IF. h,u"y
19111: p - J8, I.id ,h<g,ound for I
!o<ri<>ol"<a'mrnt,.ooul>lyll<, ln,h<
01 Pic' MO," In R .... lind K .. u ...
.....
O,hn My,b. (C&mbridll<.
.l. ...... 198,1, II<r Tho
.l.lolln'ion 01 ,II< In Will .. m
Rubin. Kirk " .....so. . nd L,'on
z"kv.n,ky. <d . Pr,"""
.. .
"K.howeil<r'. 1",\<)11.- in Y><r\ I, in
lIoi . d, M"'/rl IComl,ndg<.
.\1 ..... 19901, hI> TII<
StmioiOSY01 Cubi.m." inllubon ... I..
rl<....., It .sp..,.,...n,.
16".-.08. Th.lo" ." .. k In !'On""'br
hdp<d""''''''ou[,,-ka' I ...... 'h.
.. r<tWh n.d,, .. k ....... .,I'h.wmooticc
>:ounroICubiun,.nd,how. y."do<>
mcod. ", i,,- d<!.<';p';un,.1 h ... k.ml
f, om i[ . nJ fOl",d 111)\,,11 .. with
i, . Il,h'''"gh'''''I' .. n,.,''y,
Ie Su D."",I.H"".y l(,ho"<1"".
C ... priicho:mi, Pic ........ "
60 (Sru"Pll. 1,46. "Cubo<m -
,ho .... 1 Cubi"" (do ..,hl< l(ubi.."u.1
w .. basically. horndly m,I<'n')"""
aii.". a ba .. k,nd of mOl..",)'''''
(t<"" abschnrl .. l1< 1TI.I .. ,i.I",i",h<
Anll<iq;enhc;,. <10 """,ill<' Mat;.I
;.n,u.]. "QlJOttdlrom,1I<, .. n,[>llOn1.'
Ordr L.,inoon rrmiMd In lIoi . 'The
Sr:miology of Cuhr.n>." " 0. Thr lull
,utmok ... i,,,kI,,h.,,, ,,' ... pifi.<.l lr
pl""''''F.lor .... oyl'n
., -0 M.non. "'" tol, mon
COJ ... di,honlour." ,h<fi", 1."""lrll<
rtf"rnof.h""""BOf'9"byFrag>Oll
.nd f"nk. s.... R.,"'n. In
OJIlU'l<Jno/MoMA 0<I.n,6
'1 I<>< D,i nJ 11"",,1 Lt
Cub;,nrr d, 176. f", . hi,,01Y
of ,he rictu,<'. ,i,ling. on..!
P""<I. foorA""""", '" !'omIN ....
York, '970t, ' 71,ior.lI<.-.fo......"o
.hclct,erff'Oml'>ca"",oGcnrudoS .. in.
[' h.n Ak""""", Pokmic.1
""ppk .... n'. i Oh"",,,,,,
IM"",o",. Engli'h " .n, l .. ion
io Maril yn McCull)'. <J .. A
An'I.olPf(f: I)o{umml>. C.i,;wm.
i/..",in;,u"c .. IP,i""Ofon, IIJ-
18. My.h.nb,oChristin. K' .. , lor
II<lp in ,orr1in, ,II< ,,,,nsb.i,,,,
'. s... eou" .... -r>ocu ...... ,.rr
..
i. I""onrl .. ly , .... Po<; II< "'<an .
l.mpl0, . hgh,bulhl
'J Ci,w in ! .. helk
.
(p.ri 1611-'9
Th< orh .. pictu .. 8<>1". 0{
Gl.m. 0 ... and R""",Ict.
Lt l'i<>fuo, no. .. 60.
' 7 G.nrudoSttin.I'icaw>.-cllw
lromCori YOn \,ir,,,,,.w .. !k/utt<l
W"""IC.o{Gnt"'&S/.,,,(No< York.
. ppo.,.
H. ,00 d .. ""h, ... my'"
rcmpt. ,,,d"'"ct<rizr ,h. Cubi" Vid
... p;>"lr"''''"kwhyl\ots.di''''' ...,n
lI\hi,s.m..,I",yoI Cubiom." Andako
1.' ,II< bL>nd """"'ml" funct;"""li""
'h.' ....... ,., dom,n ... di ...... i"" 01
,he ... bj' In ,ho , ... k. ol Clem""
G"'"" ... ",.s....,ioreumpl ... <rD
B.."""d. "Cubi.m. Abs'e>rt upr ... -
..... nism. [)>>id Smi'h." Arrf"",m. 6. no
SIAp,il ' J- '7. and
W. I,erl), B"",,,J. -lolKh.oJ s<. I,
Cob",". Pollock. Newm, n ond S,i ll:
""1'.60-<),. Gr..,nl><", , .. urnw ,im<
'nd'5"in ,., ,he momrn' 01 high
Cuoomin h .. ,,';tinp..ndwh.o,lI<h ..
,,, .. r .hou, " In h" ""'"
..... ...... '
Itrl a...10<lt"",(IIoswn.
'96[ i. ro-8,.,ht b.>, 01 m""h I., ...
mO<i<:rni,'i'ici.m _i. by n"", n, hi.
1,.[ wo'.!. Al l ,II< ""nc. C ... nl><ri'
"""""IIo/ Cuhi,m lrom
':1
"".ol'ho:f< .... poon"inGrttnl><",
,.-h .... ,h. dol,bcr., .. y [ ... -hn>e>l. p....,.
'ieol.h.nds_rmp/l,l'i.oIh .... -ri'
i"",,-hi<hl ., .... Uy ... lI<lplul.u".rly
mi ..... ",""',k
19 Corl Ei"""n. "N",,,,, ,,,, k
{'",hi" - n,,_ ,
!4&--jJ.ntyci,,, "' ni ,l,,,m IH_n..
Sorgu<, M"" u';lh GJoII.1r . IId NidI>
n,!do ore '10'0 "f Ein".in. .. ,ion.
The N", .. " , .... ,he ""'pi' of
gr." ",0 01 'l'Ticl<> on Pic .. ", by
Ein".in in tOo mog.!Li""''''l'Ti''g with
Ca,1 i n".in. Pk .. "", qo.lqU<'>
.,hle.n.de 1"H. " D<x"",,,,,,'.no. ,
1'9'91')j_)8.",d .ooing wi,hhi;.-on-
n iootion'0 th,'pj,1 P;u,,,,,numbe,
,00 )'<", Corl Iin".in.
"1""'''0,-[1(,.-''''''''''.00.)1'9)0):
IJJ- p. Th<><.ukb ",,!!I'Therwi,h,h<
.. oo,
I.ndol,rnfblo)book onlluqox pn b
li, hcdin l 9H>noto",..to""", ntth<
""""""" ., nd_tw,,,,h' rgu",,,,r 'pi",,
rhe " .w "I Cobi"", [.m proJX" in g.
Cobi" I"inting. i" Ein".i,,, opinIOn.
,ttC<<<<I, in.h",.,ing t l>< w(X"W "I "b
j".ln i'.-">j<,:t "' .. I.",..."gniu..!
:.:
Fj",,.,n, Grorg .. {P., ....
70 Pic ...,'.>ni.und ... tood I,ong
.. ro<sof."t<mp"tobr ktno.pi,,,,mo.
toe..,oo"';nhi. fu"d.-b<.".foo .. d
P'''''''u<p'j'Ohologiq"", ",,,,.E;n,,.in,
-T.bl<."xde '918,- JJ '" u d<sm.:
tiond'Pl"r.:."dun'prtt<Tl<luo
.... xig .. ;,
'''P''''''' Ii<u uno d"""lmion., un
regr<Klp"'''''''t de I. pel">Olln,lir<ctd<"
, oolCi<n, C<>t I;, quo"", .... """"",
I';,nl""rt."". d",ubi.n,., "'. Ern".,n.
RrJq"'. 19. All olthi,D":,,on""HYP<
,rgu""nr ..
the qL","ionoir;.;""' - l"rri.:ulorly,h.
qu<"tionof,dfhood.nd.",oblOfJ'.phy
in Pic."o',.,r _" t l>< 'ighr 1.",,1 01
'fioo<tl .. ,.Eio".in, Mltxi,m".hdp
t.. re: no I. .. 01 hI> O1i .. iog . world
hi"o".;,1 trkk. Cubi.",. I>< ys. I.y>
rl><lo,,,,d,,;o,,,ol-l.\n,,,,,.Ue u,,,pi.
J:;
The 1',,>1, "'''y .. pl.in< why I
.0 J .. n M",,inS'" -Note ,ur
b Pein' "".- PJII 1000tol>.r- :--.I0'Oml><r
6Jo, - Pin,,,, k i<"u
""u".",br"t.,l d",p, o,., .. lu.>lo.;" ..
et "n"'""I<,p"OIIleu,,;'lahbocl\<
unito' prirtlOfd;.I . n-.. M"'inS"
,n" '0 m<J key text in tno,,;tlcal
"'pons< to Cubism. p.uly 1>."", it
,o<n<s '0 , .. Iy. I, was "'fItten
parn,.. wh"", OW" Cubi" .flogi".: ..
h.dnot),ctcry".lIiJ.md .. . mo
nt<nthd<>r<,nonor m.lt<rmso!Cubi"
d"""urS< we .. ,.bl"hed.
w . ""lecri< !"".S)'mbol,,,
p<riodic.1. 1n "'J.nuarY '9,oi"u<
Metriog" h.J publi'hod ,h. kind of
I"X'" t Oo m'iI'" ;,,e th"".d on - "u
I""" moo .. i, >ou. dn lu<ilJ.Jt.
o.'OO" .... n . ,nJ",,,,,- dedi<"ed
0;,.
gl ,mp .. oiwh. ,j,
w"in.t1<wwork ol .. t,h..rre.i".d
iocorpouriort (",u.fly for , brief
in>unt lin,,, ,h< m. in"' ''o.o.uJ<,,,,,,
n,,,,,,,". fo<furtl><,J ,,,,",,,on,,1
': 'h"
tho pr"'u w., <nl.,god ," ",do, ro
"">"0' or impro, ... ,' . Willi.m Rub""
Eo"" Fi<ld,"
rn RubIO. P,e"",,, J"J ll'oqn . h"
'n",h .. exp!.n"ion,m'"<<"<oo""",,.I.
,h"ugh [I(lt n"" ... "ily .-omrad",ting
mme,rh., t he din",".i"",,,,.,,,.lt,,ed
", .. to m,k. it p",,,I. >er 01 p.ncl.
don." thi. " m. fo"" Ame,,,,. "
di.",.Th<,,,,,,bl<w,,hrh,,oxp]',,,,
tion, .. Rubin.dn,it>.i,th .. " .. koow
thop.nol.i",!" .. 'i""h.d.<o",,,, ,, ,
""",,, . 1 d; .... ",;,," "I ,;. 1I,."d
IW"!onanM,haMJnJ"/ini,t<ni,,,,h ...
,honoith .. ,I . mh,ppyw;,h,h.id.>
,nofi<1d
01 . ur lx nd compl.xity .g.oin foe
Pi:.,,,,, ndm.yh,, .. lod him b .. k to
.".,.ofhj, p",viOll' <ffo,,, ",oth tl><",
...... in mroo.bu, it i.noI pr<I""".
.00 on tOo wh,,1e n'" pl. ",ible. th ..
.. in,.OO.J
to h.ng m Fi<IJslob,."y
H D, n .. IH. nf)' K.h"w.il".
Co"f.,,;,,", >tbit"f"" IP."i . r9bJI.
.9,-P.u."i,f,i<.ilr",i<nt;'P."''''
"tOmn' . p .... doo..."." ... de lu" ..
doolou",use . "prorr,m de, 0<l1 .. <5
inacheV<-<'.-""J"hnGola inj\.C .. bi,m,
A r907-r 9 r . J,-,j
od. {Combr;dg M." .. r9881, 8,,-89,
'00 I)" nJ R" ... I ...
8 r_8 . I J7-J 8. f", "'prc<tnu
tivea<counr>ofC.d.q<""
The ><ri<. of ,,;11 life> 8raq'"
1\.t",I Vio/in"nrlP" d",I...-eRuo;".P,o
"" ""SC ... b"",. L, 3-.91mu"' ,I 'hink
h."e . "",,' Pi<."o ".x'mpl,,, ... p<.
cl1 1l y (omp>rN with ,h. indirtion of
hi,ownw""atth;;n,om<m. C.<!aq,.;,
mih."", .. ; .. ,,;ng m,.:hor more
rr"", Vtof,n ,,",I Pit<b" .. , from Pic ..
""ownW"",onSittlngmonA.mdw,
ID.ix .nd Roo ... "'" U d.
Pin"so,,,o. Hl). "' ''''' from ru. po".
,t.. ,wo b'l!'" . nJ m .... t impo>l ing
con<uming cIult of ," ,m
A,,,,(hoff Ino. }HI 0' Y,,""g
,1" n(lI,lIf \no. IHI! C,d' qu", >m,
mr.m u .krndol",rrri,etopicto, ..
tnoir .dg< of
q Comp'" L<o S,.;nberg,
::';;:,n_
8
INov.",""r-D :.mbe, r9781, "S-I)
m,,," dw ,no.k,,
<hock 01 ,h. Ikm",ulf"".v.r J,J d;'
- "1'<"'. 11)' 'I' p""u (,f Cub .. ,,, OS
'n<, ... ingly OI1'n 'nqoir)'
"':'7:
..
'0 .I>.rr..." "repm .. ion" 0'"
irom tl>< pby 01 .ffe..:t ,nJ m,'o
it.",lf ... "".,,,y>
"'".' .... " hed 100- didl .ny
"''-'h Ein",,,, w .. in hi.
.r"",Pi<3o'pIC"""." .lw;r<"""
""do"" Un P" "'''''"''' r>r<hod.
ogoq ....... N", .. of th;, I eXa<t l)" a, .. gr<'t"
with. I ... P", .. ",, wock lrom to
'9 1 'mo . n.lyti<.I."d.xp<rim ....
"I ,h.n S,.;nbergdots. b,,, we would
"U"'-', I rhink, th" ,"ch .n.pproach to
l"intingdiJ not,o"", ... ilyto Pic. _.
. "dth.t"",..."d.g.in-.'n,lyoi,"o
"experi"",",' -.,.p,.lIy with lenul.
bod ...
So"",t,""" ,iok",. ;00.<1""':>
" " do"."d somet;nl<.itofl';"grl><
",1.r'"",ol""U."dotnor inw' )"'''' r
eiodo.nyon<p<ychcologic-.I ....... ri p'ion
",,,,,,,,ji,,ie .. S
<j M."ct .,OJ I"g"" j" ' 90j
Puvi.inl"" . Coorl><, in , ""'; , n-.. ..
;;:; of
Irod.' p<nd .. ",."drh. S, IOl,dAuromn<,
.nd .. ' no g.,II<ri .. of II<mhoim-j."ne.
L1 R" .... . ana Dl1"oo
R""I - ofs.." .. t ... nGuJlh. G.ngui".
Toulou .. L, utl', Renoir. RNlon,
. nd t<pe.r<dly Ci .. nn<- in
whkh.moJerni"hi"oryofth'nin"
.. <"th ",otyw p"t in pi ....... 1""
go, do', O1'&",i,,"& of in
.6 11l,dJition,otnop,;nting.
ilh",,,tl. > tl\< whole- seq"e",:e
,,,D,,; oo 11. ...... "". 11 0,/"",,, J.
HoIJing J I"", ,681. R"" or
on 1m fJ/",t<' lao
'67) , .nJ p ..
oxc<fl<n Tf"" Womm 100. , ), ).00
Tb< Dry..,! ro.'! . "/,o, e). I.g ....
wlth Rub,,, who" he ,hor '.p!",,,.
: ,0 rh, c,"lIr.ry notwoth, unJ in j\.
n.oo.rn parn'tng " in 1:<11<", 1 0."",
inlormod 1. It'""", ill",;o,,;,n. th"n
,mpxt.lroo .. ... rty "'" fully .... ""
... ..Jb.- . .... u'u .. II,'h<f .....
<"" ..
"'. ",,,, .
"oolf)b"Ui,,,,,,w,, ,t<,,,oi..,,Jn,,,f,)'
ofJ>r ..... Rn ... "'."'h.rI,"I",,,,\Lt,r.J.
,' ..... ...,. ul> 11:l<rnt-n 7H-
,0. CO'"n",,,.. d.nI"""'''"", 11u,
R""''''\ ..... p<>n ....... "I<I<o>IOjl.o:,, lIy
<I<,<,mi..oo"; , not,,, ,,,,,win<"Ig.I'''' III
.... ""ob-...... ,.
II! 5<"",.1. 'hr "".,1 .... 1 ..
ni .hcR'I ..... '9 ..... d' ............. '
.. ... h.;, ....-d. 10 1>0: "'" lu"
<I<_",.rrd l.ndd<""",,,,,,, ... ,,h,,.
..... , <onst""",,,,,. "f i" ,q..;TS' ..
dn<nnulwby" .... inRI &h ..... ,"5 com.
,,'''n'''''' " n", ,''','''''. "nfor,un .. <lv.
' Ih" III< .. .. ",,,,,.
""". l.ock po ....... I . nd 1)1
Con .. lPol! ..... ""," .... i .. , ....
;-:"': ..
OWft....,..K.n ... nf ...... "f,<I."""'.
[wnP,,,'Cro ... , ..... "Cu"" ..... K .. ,.
n" . IApril-J,,," 19171: '9) -<0'.
... ho:h Ip""",g .. od. ,h. ".""I.i ll .
pkilo>p/lt,,.",lf.bot" ,,,...,, of ,II<
''O'OOI ........ 'o ..... , ...
01""".""", of ... hy . ..... rumun
.. pl.,..b<>MofCUb. ....... "'unift
fonn." ... ,;""" n.;Itnn! 'om.-.J5'lIU
'M ""y ,tw.'" of """"'hing hkr.
....".ri. I' ''''1I" . .. nl,pp ... I>",,, ...
,,,,i,, .. ;,,
idc.li .. drilt. H ...... I''/''1j ,h.,R;.i< ..
... 3.-.1 ""pc-nd; "".' _IOU of.
"" ... ..
I . btnlt.q .......... """ ... . ........ y ltw
n"'''''';,.prun< ... '''''.bltb.ock'''' .... 1f
.ndpu><n" ... ' .. ' .... h..-.llyi" ....... .
I"IP,obkn><.
H Ri. it ... -Su, I., T.nd.n,.,
""" .. IIo: ' ,")?'40
I
:ILl>profolld.".
n." J>J> vUlt pm ... L: ....... ..
I"'"'rr:>dooKr .. pomt "' ........ ,q ...
p"" ............ . .,"""....,""UIll'l .... M
IfII'<>rp>.nonpln.rn ...... oqlum ..... ..
....... ... "cho<c
..... ,., .. 1 ... A .... H ...... ,,,,,, ... k<
, .. , Jo I ...... ..
pi ... d .. m"'. qUI I"ironl ,',,, I ...
""" .. pl"'lotn",n .... .. nd<"'
.... u" fuu.",b,," maIO
',<ihkq",_"mpafPltnbobjrt",l.
..... "",buu"""""'''''''''mrpi>n:
rn, ... "x ....... "' .... , ... ,.".,..., .....
", .. ,,,I .. """.n ..... ", p"",,", 1'"
"to I't""" pm'" SOInhm_ [h ..
d,,,,"lf:"""'" In " ........ "' .........
",.l:>oo<Io. ""du"""
Ilnlq ......... ,p".bp .. ....., ....... bIt
.." .... iroug ok. In
""".i""d,."I. n.", .. , Eno"in""",,,'
'"' <1<. umb<<o. ".,p.". "'-'Inl .. ,>d"
1"!()' .. <l.I ....... I>I<'uku,di"" .. "o ...
Gr ...... -.;." . ".fo"' ... f ..
.., f ... "w ..... dn " ....... , tin ..
r.,,",,>tp.>.do ........ ,C1t....,t,Iodn
.. ""' .. "" ....... in ..... "' ..... J><1'1""
,ndo'p,nd.nookl.""""..,,, ... L r<"'"
d. <0'1<' ""' ...... <(1m, ..... I"bit<. "n
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Notes to pages 222- 26
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Notes to pages ~ 6 2 - 7 7
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