A im of the Experiment General objective: This project is being carried out with a view to increase the appreciation of al loy-analysis

as an important branch of chemistry. The hands-on laboratory experi ence gained is highly beneficial in understanding the general procedure of quali tative analysis of an unknown sample. S pecific objective: In this project, we shall be analyzing the constituents of Brass and Bronze. M A TERI ALS REQUIRED 1) BR ASS AN D BRO NZ E PIECE S 2 ) china dishes 3)) FI L TR A TIO N A PP A R A TU S 4 ) N ITRIC A CID

5 ) HYDROGE

N S U L PHIDE G AS 7 )) A MMO N IUM CH L ORIDE 8)) POT ASS IUM FERROCY AN IIDE 9) A MMO N IUM S U L PHIDE 10) DI L HYDROCH L ORIC A CID Theory Brass Brass contains Cu and Z n . Both dissolve in nitric acid. 4Z n+ 10 H N O3= 4Z n{ N O)i + N2 O + 5

HO 3Cu + 8 H N O3= 3Cu( N O3) 2 + 4 HO+ 2N O Further analysis is carried out for respective ions. Cu dissolves in H 2S to give black ppt. of Cu S . It is filtered to get the soln of Z inc S ulphide. It precipitates out in the form of Z nCl 2 in an ammoniacal soln. of A mmonium chloride. The precipitate is dissolved in dilute HCl and then treated wi thPotassium ferrocyanide to get a bluish-white ppt. of Z n 2[ Fe(C N )6]. Bronze Bronze contains Cu and S n. Their nitrates are obtained by dissolving the sample in conc. N itric acid. The nitrates are precipitated as sulphides by passing H 2S through their solution in dil. HCl. The Cu S is insoluble in yellow ammonium sulphide, while S n S is soluble. The ppt. is separated by filtration. The ppt. is dissolved in cone H N O3 and then A mmonium hydroxide solution is passed through it.Blue colouration confirmsthe pre

sense of Cu. The filtrate is treated with conc. HCl followed by Z inc dust to obtain S nCl 2 . Then HgCl 2 solution is added. Formation of slate-coloured ppt. indicates the presence of S n. S n S2 +HCl(conc)= S nCh + H 2S S nCl 4 +Fe= S nCh+FeCh S nCl 2 + HgCl 2 = Hg 2 Cl 2 + S nCh Detail of Procedure/Observations Brass,: 1. 1. A small piece of brass was placed in a china dish and dissolved in minimum quantit y of 5 0%conc.1UOs. 2. 2 . The soln. was heated to obtain a dry residue. The residue was dissolved in Dil ute H(?l. gas was passed and a black.ppt. was (observed. The soln. was filtered and the pp t. was dissolved in N

H 4 OH soln. A bluecoloration observed indicates the presence of Cu. 4 . The filtrate was tested for presence of Z n. A mmonium hydroxide and chloride solutions were added and then H 2S gas was passed. A dull grey ppt. was separated and dissolved in dil. H(l followed by addition of Po tassium ferrocyanide. A bluish white ppt. confirms the presense of Z n. Bronfe: 1. 1. The sample was dissolved in 5 0% H N O3 and then heated to obtain nitrates. 2. 2 . The nitrates were dissolved in dil. H(l and then precipitated as sulphides by p assing H 2S gas. 1. 3. The precipitates were treated with yellow amm.sulphide when a part of it diss olves. The soln. was filtered. 2. 4 . The ppt. was tested for Cu as in the case of brass. 5 . The filtrate was treated with conc. HCl followed by Fe dust.

6. Then HgCl 2 soln. was added. Formation of aslate-coloured ppt. confirmed the presence of S n. C onclusion Brass contains C opper and Bronze contains C opper and Tin. Bibliography 1. 1 . C omprehensive practical C hemistryC lass 12 . 2 . Inorganic C hemistry by 3. www.niton.com 1. 4 . VMw.alloyanalyzer.n i it.edu Signatures: f itudeni Internal External Examiner Examiner Brass From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, seeBrass (disambiguation)