0 penilaian0% menganggap dokumen ini bermanfaat (0 suara)
161 tayangan65 halaman
ISKCON MEDIA VEDIC LIBRARY Creative Commons License Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3. Unported You are free: to Share -- to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work) No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
ISKCON MEDIA VEDIC LIBRARY Creative Commons License Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3. Unported You are free: to Share -- to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work) No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
ISKCON MEDIA VEDIC LIBRARY Creative Commons License Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3. Unported You are free: to Share -- to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work) No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported You are free: to Share to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specied by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ For more free ebooks, mp3s, or photos visit: www.iskconmedia.com Prameya-rafnavaI The ]eweIs of Trufh iianslaicd by Kusaliaila dasa TabIe of Confenfs Prameya 1 Mangalacaianam, Tlc disciplic succcssion, Madlvacaiya's Ninc Plilosoplical Tiuils, Kisna is ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Prameya 2 Tlc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Is Known ly Siudy ol ilc Vcdas Prameya 3 Tlc Maiciial Woild Is Rcal Prameya + Tlc Jvas (Living Lniiiics) Aic Dillcicni Iiom Loid Visnu Prameya 5 Tlc Jvas (Living Lniiiics) Aic ly Naiuic ilc Scivanis ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad Prameya 6 In loil Condiiioncd and Libciaicd Siaics, ilc Jvas Aic Siiuaicd in Higlci and Lowci Siaiuscs
Prameya 7 Libciaiion Docs Noi Mcan an Impcisonal Mciging, lui ilc Aiiainmcni ol Diicci Associaiion Wiil Loid Kisna Prameya 8 Puic Dcvoiional Scivicc Gianis Libciaiion Prameya 9 Diicci Pciccpiion, Logic and Vcdic Rcvclaiion Aic Tlicc Souiccs ol Aciual Knowlcdgc Firsf Prameya TEXT 1 jayat sri-govno gopinatnan sa maana-gopaIan vahsyam yasya hrpaya pramcya-ratnavaIm suhsmam jayat-all gloiics; sr-govnan-io Loid Govinda; gopnatnan-io Loid Gopnaila; san-io Him; hrpaya-by ilc mcicy; pramcya-ol plilosoply; ratna- ol jcwcls; avaIm-ilc sciics; suhsmam-subilc and cxccllcni; AII gIories fo Lord Govinda, who is known as Gopnafha and Madana- GopaIa. By His mercy, I shaII now speak fhis exceIIenf and subfIe book Prameya-rafnavaIi (]eweIs of fhe Vaisnava PhiIosophy). TEXT 2 bnahty-abnascnap tcsam ananc narmanyahsc vsva-nstar-namn ntyananavata-catanya-rupc tattvc tasmn ntyam astam ratr nan bnaht-ol dcvoiional scivicc; abnascna-iy ilc dim icllcciion; ap-cvcn; tosam-saiislaciion; ananc-cxpciicncc; narma-ol icligious aciiviiics; anyahsc-ilc coniiollcis; vsva-ilc univcisc; nstar-dclivciing; namn-ilc claniing ol ilcii loly namcs; ntyanana-Loid Niiyananda; avata-Loid Advaiia; catanya-Loid Caiianya; rupc-consisiing ol; tattvc-iiuils; tasmn-io ilcm; ntyam-consianily; astam-lci ilcic bc; ratn-inicnsc dcvoiion; nan-on oui paii. We pray fhaf we may deveIop infense consfanf devofion for Lord Caifanya Mahaprabhu, Lord Nifyananda Prabhu, and Lord Advaifa Prabhu, fhe confroIIers of aII reIigious acfivifies. They are pIeased even wifh fhe dim refIecfion of devofionaI service. The chanfing of Their hoIy names deIivers fhe enfire universe. TEXT 3 ananatirtna-nama suhna- maya-naama yatr jiyat samsararnava-taranm yam na janan hirtayant bunan ananatirtna-nama-Madlvacaiya, wlo is lnown as nandaiiila; suhnamaya-consisiing ol iiansccndcnial bliss; nama-abodc; yatn-sannyasi; jiyat-all gloiics; samsara-ol maiciial cxisicncc; arnava-ilc occan; taranm-ilc boai loi ciossing; yam-wlom; na-in ilis woild; janan-pcisons; hirtayant- gloiily; bunan-iniclligcni and lcaincd. AII gIories fo SrIa Madhvacarya Svam, fhe abode of franscendenfaI happiness. Those who are Iearned and infeIIigenf gIorify him, for he is Iike a boaf which enabIes fhe condifioned souIs fo cross beyond fhis reaIm of repeafed birfh and deafh. TEXT + bnavat vcntya vusa nravahara guru-paramapara ntyam chanttvam snyat yayo- ayat ycna nar-tosam bnavat-ilcic is; vcntya-slould bc considcicd; vusa-licc liom lauli; nravahara-licc liom impuiiiy; guru-ol spiiiiual masicis; parampara-disciplic succcssion; ntyam-always; chanttvam-cxclusivc and unalloycd dcvoiional scivicc; snyat-bccomcs pcilcci; yaya-by wlicl; uayat-aiiscs; ycna-by wlom; nar-ol Loid Haii; tosam-ilc saiislaciion. A discriminafing person pIeases Lord Hari by remembering fhe fauIfIess discipIic succession of bona-fide spirifuaI masfers, who enabIe one fo affain fhe perfecfion of unaIIoyed devofionaI service. TEXT 5 ya uhtam pama-puranc sampraya-vnina yc mantras tc nspnaIa matan atann haIau bnavsyant catvaran sampraaynan sri-branma-rura-sanaha vasnavan hst-pavanan catvaras tc haIau bnavya ny uthaIc purusottamat yat-wlicl; uhtam-is spolcn; pama-puranc-in ilc Padma Puiana; sampraaya-vninan-ilosc wlo aic noi connccicd io ilc bona-lidc disciplic succcssion; yc-ilosc wlo; mantran-maniias; tc-ilcy; nspnaIan-wiiloui icsuli; matan-aic considcicd; atan-loi ilis icason; haIau-in ilc agc ol Kali; bnavsyant-ilcic will bc; catvaran-loui; sampraayan-bona-lidc disciplic succcssions; sri-liom Lalsm-dcv; branma-liom Loid lialma; rura-liom Loid Siva; sanahan-and liom Sanala and ilc Kumaia sons ol lialma; vasnavan-in iclaiion io Loid Visnu; hst-ilc woild; pavanan-puiilying; catvaran-loui; tc-ilcy; haIau-in ilc agc ol lali; bnavyan-will bc; n--ncc, uthaIc-in Oiissa; purusottamat-liom Jagannaila Puii.
The Padma Purana expIains: "UnIess one is inifiafed by a bona-fide spirifuaI masfer in fhe discipIic succession, fhe manfra he mighf have received is wifhouf any effecf. For fhis reason four Vaisnava discipIic successions, inaugurafed by Laksm-dev, Lord Brahma, LordSiva, and fhe four Kumaras, wiII appear in fhe hoIy pIace of ]agannafha Pur, and purify fhe enfire earfh during fhe age of KaIi." TEXT 6 ramnujam srin svi-cahrc manvacryam caturmuhnan sri-vsnu-svamnam ruro nmbatyam catunsanan ramanujam-Ramanuja; srin-Lalsm-dcv; svi-cahrc-sclccicd; mavacaryam- Madlvacaiya; caturmuhan-Loid lialma; sri-vsnu-svamnam-Visnu Svam; ruran-Loid Siva; nmbatyam-Nimbaila; catunsanan-ilc loui Kumaias. Laksm-dev chose Ramanujacarya fo represenf her discipIic succession. In fhe same way Lord Brahma chose Madhvacarya, Lord Siva chose Visnu Svam, and fhe four Kumaras chose Nimbarka. TEXT 7 tatra guru-parampara yatna sri-hrsna-branma-cvars- baarayana-samjnahan sri-manva-sri-pamanabna- sriman-nrnar-manavan ahsobnya-jayatirtna-sri- jnanasnnu-ayannin sri-vyann-rajcnra- jayanarman hrama vayam purusottama-branmanya- vyasatirtnams ca samstuman tato Iahsmipatm sriman- manavcnram ca bnahttan tac-cnsyan srisvaravata- ntyananan jaga-gurun cvam isvara-ssyam sri- catanyam ca bnajamanc sri-hrsna-prcma-ancna ycna nstartam jagat tatra-in ilis conncciion; guru-ol bona-lidc spiiiiual masicis; parampara-ilc disciplic succcssion; yatna-jusi as; sri-hrsna-Loid Kisna; branma-lialma; cvars-Naiada; baarayana-Vyasa; samjnahan-namcd; sri-manva- Madlvacaiya; sri-pamanabna-Padmanabla; srimat-nrnar-Nilaii; manavan- Madlava; ahsobnya-Alsoblya; jayatirtna-Jayaiiila; sri-jnanansnnu- Jnanasindlu; ayannin-Dayanidli; sri-vyann-Vidyanidli; rajcnra- Rajcndia; jayanarman-Jayadlaima; hramat- onc ajtcr anotncr, vayam-wc; purusottama-Puiusoiiama; branmanya-lialmanya; vyasatirtna-Vyasaiiila; ca-and; samstuman-ollci piaycis; tatan-ilcn; Iahsmipatm-Lalsmipaii; srimat- manavcnram-Madlavcndia Puii; ca-and; bnahttan-wiil dcvoiion; tat-lis; ssyan-disciplcs; sri-isvara-svaia Puii; Avata- Avata Prabnu, ntyananan- Niiyananda Piablu; jagat-ol ilc cniiic univcisc; gurun-spiiiiual masicis; cvam-ilc disciplc; sri-catanyam-Loid Caiianya Malapiablu; ca-and; bnajamanc-wc woislip; sri-hrsna-ol Si Kisna; prcma-ol puic lovc; ancna-by ilc gili; ycna-by wlom; nstartam-dclivcicd; jagat-ilc univcisc. Wifh greaf devofion we gIorify fhe spirifuaI masfers in fhe Gaudya Vaisnava discipIic successions. A Iisf of fheir names foIIows: 1) Krsna, fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, 2) Brahma, 3) Narada, +) Vyasa, 5) Madhvacarya, 6) Padmanabha, 7) Nrhari, 8) Madhava, 9) Aksobhya, 10) ]ayafrfha, 11) ]nanasindhu, 12) Dayanidhi, 13) Vidyanidhi, 1+) Rajendra, 15) ]ayadharma, 16) Purusoffama, 17) Brahmanya, 18) Vyasafrfha, 19) Laksmpafi, 20) Madhavendra Pur, and 21) Isvara Pur, Advaifa Prabhu and Nifyananda Prabhu (who were aII discipIes of Madhavendra Pur). We worship Isvara Pur's discipIe, Lord Caifanya Mahaprabhu, fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, who deIivered fhe enfire universe by granfing fhe giff of krsna-prema (pure Iove of Krsna). TEXT 8 atna pramcyany usantc sri-manvan prana vsnum paratamam ahnIamnaya-vcyam ca vsvam satyam bncam ca jivam nar-carana-jusas taratamyam ca tcsam mohsam vsnv-angnr-Iabnam ta-amaIa-bnajanam tasya nctum pramanam pratyahsa-trayam ccty upasat narn hrsna-catanyacanran atna-now; pramcyan-plilosoplical iiuils; usantc-dclincaic; sri- manvan-Madlvacaiya; prana-said; vsnum-Loid Visnu; paratamam-is ilc Supicmc Absoluic iiuil; ahnIa-all; amnaya-by ilc Vcdic sciipiuics; vcyam- lnowablc; ca-and; vsvam-ilc maiciial univcisc; satyam-is ical; bncam- disiinciion; ca-and; jivan-ilc living cniiiics; nar-ol Loid Haii; carana-ol ilc loius lcci; jusan-scivanis; taratamyam-disiinciion (in ilai somc aic libciaicd and somc condiiioncd); ca-and; tcsam-ol ilcm; mohsam-libciaiion; vsnu-ol Loid Visnu; angnr-ol ilc loius lcci; Iabnam-ilc aiiainmcni; tat-ol ilc Loid; amaIa-puic; bnajanam-dcvoiional scivicc; tasya-ol ilai lcium-ilc causc; pramanam-cvidcncc; pratyahsa-by diicci pciccpiion; a-lcadcd; trayam- gioup ol ilicc; ca-and; t-ilus; upasat-icaclcs; narn-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; scc pg nnc-Loid Caiianya Malapiablu. A summary of fhe Vaisnava phiIosophy foIIows Madhvacarya faughf fhaf 1) Lord Visnu is fhe AbsoIufe Trufh, fhan whom nofhing is higher, 2) He is known by sfudy of fhe Vedas, 3) fhe maferiaI worId is reaI, +) fhe jvas (Iiving enfifies) are differenf from Lord Visnu 5) fhe ]vas are by nafure servanfs of Lord Visnu's Iofus feef, 6) In bofh fhe condifioned and Iiberafed condifion, fhe jvas are sifuafed in higher and Iower sfafuses, 7) Iiberafion does nof mean an impersonaI merging, buf fhe affainmenf of Lord Visnu's Iofus feef, 8) Pure devofionaI service granfs Iiberafion, 9) direcf percepfion, Iogic, and Vedic aufhorify are fhe fhree sources of acfuaI knowIedge. These same frufhs are aIso faughf by fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead HimseIf in His appearance as Sr Caifanya Mahaprabhu. TEXT 9(a) paratamya praharanam sri-vsnon paramatvam yatna sri-gopaIopansa tasmat hrsna cva paro cvam tam nyayct tam rasct tam bnajct tam yajct. t. paratamya-aboui Loid Visnu's supicmacy; praharanam-clapici; sri-vsnon-ol Loid Visnu; paramatvam-ilc posiiion ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil; yatna-jusi as; sri- gopaIa-upansa-in ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad; tasmat-ilcicloic; hrsnan- Kisna; cva-cciiainly; paran-is ilc Supicmc; cvam-ilai Supicmc Loid; tam- upon Him; nyayct-onc slould mcdiiaic; tam-Him; rasct-onc slould clani ilc loly namc; tam-Him; bnajct-onc slould scivc; tam-Him; yajct-onc slould woislip; t-ilus. 1. Lord Visnu is fhe AbsoIufe Trufh, fhan whom, nofhing is higher Lord Visnu's supremacy is described in fhe GopaIa-fapan Upanisad: "Therefore, Krsna is fhe Supreme AbsoIufe Trufh, and nofhing is higher fhan Him. One shouId medifafe upon Him, chanf His hoIy names, serve, and worship Him." TEXT 9 (b) svctasvataropansa ca jnatva cvam sarva-pasapanann hsinan hIcsar janma-mrtyu-pranann tasyabnnyanat trtiyam cna-bncc vsvasvaryam hcvaIam apta-haman ctaj jncyam ntyam cvatma-sastnam natan param vctavyam n hnct svctasvatara-upansa-in ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; ca- an, jnatva-laving undcisiood; cvam-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; sarva-all; pasa-iopcs; apanann-icmovcd; hsinan-dcsiioycd; hIcsan-wiil maiciial sullciings; janma-ol biiil; mrtyun-and dcail; pranann-dcsiiuciion; tasya-ol Him; abnnyanat-liom consiani icmcmbiancc; trtiyam-ilc spiiiiual woild; cna-ol ilc gioss and subilc maiciial body; bncc-on ilc dcsiiuciion; vsva-complcic; asvaryam-wiil opulcncc; cvaIam-bcyond ilc ioucl ol maiciial cncigy; apta- aiiaincd; haman-all dcsiics; ctat-ilis; jncyam-lnowablc; ntyam-cicinal; atma-samstnam-ilc Absoluic Tiuil; na-noi; atan-ilan Him; param-supciioi; vctavyam-may bc lnown; n-indccd; hnct-ai all. This is confirmed in fhe Svefasvafara Upanisad"When one undersfands fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, fhen fhe ropes of iIIusion which bind one fo fhis maferiaI worId become cuf, fhe maferiaI miseries end, and fhe repefifion of birfh and deafh in fhe cycIe of fransmigrafion aIso ends. By consfanfIy remembering fhe Supreme Lord, af fhe fime of deafh one affains fhe fuIIy opuIenf spirifuaI worId, far beyond fhe fouch of maffer, and aII his desires become fuIfiIIed. In fhis way he direcfIy perceives fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, fhan whom fhere is nofhing higher fo be known." (1.11) TEXT 9 (c) gitasu ca mattan parataram nanyat hnc ast nananjaya gitasu-in ilc llagavad-gia; ca-and; mattan-bcyond Myscll; parataram- supciioi; na-noi; anyat-anyiling; hnct-somciling; ast-ilcic is; nananjaya-O conqucioi ol wcalil. This is aIso confirmed in fhe Bhagavad-gfa (7.7), where Krsna says"O conqueror of weaIfh (Arjuna), fhere is no frufh superior fo Me." TEXT 10 nctutva vbnu-catanya- nanatva-gunasrayat ntya-Iahsmy-amatvac ca hrsnan paratamo matan nctutvat-bccausc ol bcing ilc oiiginal causc ol cvciyiling; vbnu-all powcilul; catanya-consciousncss; anana-ol bliss; tva-bccausc ol ilc siaic; a-cic.; guna-ol all iiansccndcnial qualiiics; asrayat-bccausc ol bcing ilc icscivoii; ntya-cicinally; Iahsmi-by ilc goddcss ol loiiunc; a-and oilcis; matvat-bccausc ol bcing scivcd wiil gicai icvcicncc; ca-and; hrsnan-Kisna; parataman-ilc uliimaic; matan-is considcicd. Krsna is accepfed as fhe highesf frufh because He is fhe origin of bofh fhe maferiaI and spirifuaI worIds, because His spirifuaI form is aII-powerfuI, aII- cognizanf, and fuII of franscendenfaI bIiss, because He is fhe reservoir of aII auspicious spirifuaI quaIifies, and because He is served wifh greaf reverence and affecfion by hundreds and fhousands of goddesses of forfune, and uncounfabIe miIIions of ofher devofees as weII. TEXT 11 (a) sarva-nctutvam, yatnanun svctasvataran chan sa cvo bnagavan varcnyo yon-svabnavan antstnaty chan yac ca svabnavam pacat vsva-yonn pacyams ca sarvan parnamayc yan sarva-ol cvciyiling; nctutvam-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc oiigin; yatna-jusi as; anun-cxplains; svctasvataran-ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; chan-onc; san-Hc; cvan-Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; bnagavan-lull ol all opulcnccs; varcnyan-woislipablc; yon-svabnavan-all maiciial clcmcnis; antstnat-lc csiablislcs; chan-alonc; yat-wlicl; ca-and; sva-bnavam-naiuic ol ilc living cniiiy; pacat-cicaics; vsva-ol ilc univcisc; yonn-ilc oiigin; pacyan- dcvclopcd; ca-and; sarvan-all; parnamayct-iiansloims; yan-wlo. The Supreme Lord is fhe source of everyfhing. This is confirmed in fhe Svefasvafara Upanisad (5.+-5): "The one supremeIy opuIenf and worshipabIe PersonaIify of Godhead is fhe origin of fhe enfire universe. He creafes fhe maferiaI eIemenfs and fheir affribufes, and He aIso fransforms fhose eIemenfs." TEXT 11 (b) vbnu-catanyananatvam, yatna hatnahc manantam vbnum atmanam matva nirc na socat vbnu-all powcilul; catanya-conscious ol cvciyiling; anana-ol bliss; tvam-ilc siaic; yatna-jusi as; hatnahc-in ilc Kaila Upanisad; manantam- supicmcly woislipablc; vbnum-lull ol all powcis and opulcnccs; atmanam- Supicmc Pcison;matva-laving undcisiood; niran-an iniclligcni pcison wlo lnows ilc disiinciion bciwccn maiciial bondagc and libciaiion; na-docs noi; socat-lamcni loi any maiciial disiicss. Thaf fhe Lord is aII powerfuI, aII-cognizanf, and aII-bIissfuI is confirmed in fhe foIIowing verse from fhe Kafha Upanisad (1.2.22)"An infeIIigenf person, who undersfands fhe disfincfion befween maferiaI bondage and Iiberafion, ends aII maferiaI bondage when he undersfands fhe supremeIy worshipabIe PersonaIify of Godhead, who is fuII of aII powers and opuIences." TEXT 11 (c) vjnana-suhna-rupatvam atma-sabcna bonyatc ancna muhta-gamyatvam vyutpattcr t ta-van vjnana-ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc; suhna-and bliss; rupatvam-ilc siaic ol laving a loim; atma-"aima"; sabcna-by ilc woid; bonyatc-is undcisiood; ancna-by ilis; muhta-by ilc libciaicd souls; gamyatvam-undcisiandablc; vyutpattcn-dciivaiion; t-ilus; tat-ilc iiuil; van-ilosc wlo lnow. Those Iearned in spirifuaI maffers know fhaf fhe word "afma" means "fhaf which is fuII of spirifuaI knowIedge and bIiss". This knowIedge and bIiss is possessed bofh by fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead and fhe Iiberafed individuaI Iiving enfifies. TEXT 12 (a) vajasancys canun vjnanam ananam branma ratr atum parayanam vajasancyn-Tlc Vajasancya-bialmana; ca-and; anun--cxpIans, vjnanam- lull ol lnowlcdgc; ananam-and bliss; branma-ilc supicmc spiiii; ratn-giving ilc icsuli ol saciilicc; atum-io ilc woislippci; parayanam-ilc Absoluic Tiuil. The Vajasaneya-brahmana (3.9.28) aIso expIains: "The Supreme Spirif, who is fuII of knowIedge and bIiss, granfs fhe resuIfs fo fhose who worship Him wifh sacrifice." TEXT 12 (b) sri-gopaIopansa ca tam cham govnam sac-c-anana-vgranam sri-gopaIa-upansa-in ilc Gopala-Tapan Upanisad; ca-also; tam-io Him; cham-onc; govnam-Govinda; sat-cicinal; ct-lull ol lnowlcdgc; anana- and bliss; vgranam-loim. The GopaIa-fapan Upanisad (1.35) aIso confirms: "Lord Govinda is beyond fhe duaIify of fhe maferiaI worId, and He is nof differenf from His form which is efernaI, fuII of knowIedge and bIiss." TEXT 12 (c) murtatvam pratpattavyam ct-suhnasyava ragavat vjnana-gnana-saba- hirtanac cap tasya tat cna-cn-bna nastity ctcnavopaarstam murtatvam-ilc siaic ol laving a loim; pratpattavyam-may bc undcisiood; ct-spiiiiual; suhnasya-ol bliss; cva-cciiainly;ragavat-jusi as a mclody; vjnana-ol ilc Loid's supicmc lnowlcdgc; gnana-"glana"; saba-wiil ilc woid; a-ilc maniia wlicl bcgins wiil; hirtanat-liom ilc dcsciipiion; ca- and; ap-also; tasya-ol Him; tat-ilai; cna-ol ilc body; cn-ol ilc posscssoi ol ilc body; bna-dillcicncc; na-noi; ast-is; t-ilus; ctcna-by ilis; cva- cciiainly; upaarstam-is icvcalcd. Lord Govinda possesses a form of spirifuaI bIiss, jusf as a meIody, aIfhough apparenfIy formIess, acfuaIIy possesses a subfIe form wifhin fhe mind. The manfra beginning "vijnana-ghana" confirms fhaf fhe Lord's form is nof maferiaI, buf a spirifuaI manifesfafion which is efernaI and fuII of knowIedge and bIiss, and fhaf fhere is no difference befween fhe Lord and His spirifuaI form. TEXT 13 (a) murtasyava vbnutvam, yatna munahc vrhsa va stabno v tstnaty chas tcncam purnam puruscna sarvam. murtasya-ol ilc loim; cva-cciiainly; vbnutvam-ilc siaic ol bcing all- powcilul and opulcni; yatna-jusi as; munahc-in ilc Mundala Upanisad; vrhsan-a iicc; va-jusi as; stabnan-lixcd; v-in ilc spiiiiual sly; tstnat-is siiuaicd; chan-onc; tcna-by Him; am-ilis; purnam-pcilcci and complcic; puruscna-by ilc pcison; sarvam-cvciyiling. The Mundaka Upanisad confirms fhaf fhe Lord's form possesses unIimifed pofency: "The Supreme Person appears Iike a free sifuafed in fhe spirifuaI sky. From fhaf free fhe perfecf and compIefe spirifuaI and maferiaI worIds have become manifesfed." TEXT 13 (b) yu-stno p nhnIa-vyapity ahnyanan murtman vbnun yugapa nyatr-vrncsu sahsat-harac ca tarsan yu-in ilc spiiiiual sly; stan-icmaining; ap-alilougl; nhnIa- cvciywlcic; vyap-pcivading; t-ilus; ahnyanam-liom ilc dcsciipiion ol ilc Vcdas; murtman-posscssing a loim; vbnun-all-powcilul; yugapat- simuliancously; nyatr-io ilc pcilcci living bcings; vrncsu-io ilc communiiy; sahsat-harat-by diicci pciccpiion; ca-and; tarsan-ilc samc. The Vedic manfras expIain fhaf fhe aII-powerfuI AbsoIufe Trufh possesses a spirifuaI form, and aIfhough He remains in fhe spirifuaI sky, He is simuIfaneousIy presenf everywhere. He personaIIy appears wifhin fhe hearf of fhe perfecf devofees who consfanfIy medifafe upon Him. TEXT 1+ (a) sri-asamc ca na cantar na banr yasya na purvam nap caparam purvaparam bans cantar jagato yo jagac ca yan sri-asamc-in ilc Tcnil Canio ol Simad-llagavaiam; ca-also; na-noi; ca- also; antan-iniciioi; na-noi; bann-cxiciioi; yasya-wlosc; na-nciilci; purvam-bcginning; na-noi; ap-indccd; ca-also; aparam-cnd; purva- aparam-ilc bcginning and ilc cnd; bann ca antan-ilc cxicinal and ilc inicinal; jagatan-ol ilc wlolc cosmic manilcsiaiion; yan-onc wlo is; jagat ca yan-and wlo is cvciyiling in cicaiion in ioial. This is confirmed in fhe Srmad-Bhagavafam (10.9.13): "The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead has no beginning and no end, no exferior and no inferior, no fronf and no rear. In ofher words, He is aII-pervading. Because He is nof under fhe infIuence of fhe eIemenf of fime, for Him fhere is no difference befween pasf, presenf and fufure; He exisfs in his own franscendenfaI form af aII fimes. Being absoIufe, beyond reIafivify, He is free from disfincfions befween cause and effecf, aIfhough He is fhe cause and effecf of everyfhing." TEXT 1+ (b) sri-gitasu ca maya tatam am sarvam jaga avyahta-murtna mat-stnan sarva-bnutan na canam tcsv avastntan na ca mat-stnan bnutan pasya mc yogam asvaram sri-gitasu-in ilc llagavad-gia; ca-also; maya-by Mc; tatam-spicad; am-all ilcsc manilcsiaiions; sarvam-all; jagat-cosmic manilcsiaiion; avyahta- murtna-unmanilcsicd loim; mat-stnan-unio Mc; sarva-bnutan-all living cniiiics; na-noi; ca-also; anam-I; tcsu-in ilcm; avastntan-siiuaicd; na- ncvci; ca-also; mat-stnan-siiuaicd in Mc; bnutan-all cicaiion; pasya-jusi scc; mc-My; yogam asvaram-inconccivablc mysiic powci. The Lord confirms in fhe Bhagavad-gfa (9.+-5): "By Me, in My unmanifesfed form, fhis enfire universe is pervaded. AII beings are in Me, buf I am nof in fhem. And yef everyfhing fhaf is creafed does nof resf in Me. BehoId my mysfic opuIence!" TEXT 1+ (c) acntya-sahtr astisc yoga-sabcna cocyatc vrona-bnanjha sa sya t tattva-vam matam acntya-inconccivablc; sahtn-poicncy; ast-ilcic is; isc-in ilc supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; yoga-"yoga"; sabcna-by ilc woid; ca-and; ucyatc-is cxplaincd; vrona-coniiadiciion; bnanjha-icsolving; sa-ilai poicncy; syat- is; t-ilus; tattva-ilc iiuil; vam-ol ilosc wlo undcisiand; matam-ilc opinion. The facf fhaf fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead possesses inconceivabIe pofency (yogam aisvaram) resoIves fhe apparenf confradicfion in fhis sfafemenf by fhe Lord. This is fhe opinion of fhose who know fhe frufh. TEXT 15 (a) ana sarva-jnatvam, yatna munahc yan sarva-jnan sarva-vt ana-by ilc woid adi (cic.) (lound in vcisc 10); sarva-jnatvam-omniscicncc; yatna-jusi as; munahc-in ilc Mundala Upanisad; yan-wlo; sarva-cciyiling; jnan-lnows; sarva-all; vt-pciccivcs. By fhe use of fhe word "adi" (efc.) in fexf 10, fhe Lord's omniscience may be inferred. This is confirmed in fhe Mundaka Upanisad (2.2.7): "The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is omniscienf." TEXT 15 (b) anantvam ca, tattriyahc ananam branmano vvan na vbnct hutascana anantvam-ilc siaic ol bcing lull ol iiansccndcnial bliss; ca-also; tattriyahc-in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad; ananam-spiiiiual bliss; branmanan-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; vvan-a pcison wlo lnows; na-docs noi; bbnct-lcai; hutascana-anyiling. Thaf fhe Lord is fuII of franscendenfaI bIiss is confirmed in fhe Taiffirya Upanisad (2.+.1): "One who undersfands fhe franscendenfaI bIiss of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, no Ionger fears anyfhing." TEXT 15 (c) prabnutva-sunrttva-jnanaatva-mocahatvam ca, svctasvatara-srutau sarvasya prabnum isanam sarvasya saranam sunrt prajna ca tasmat prasrta purani samsara-banna-stnt-mohsa-nctun prabnutva-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc supicmc masici; sunrttva-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc supicmc liicnd; jnanaatva-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc supicmc icaclci; mocahatvan-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc uliimaic dclivcici; ca-and; svctasvatara- srutau-in ilc lollowing quoics liom ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; sarvasya-ol cvciyonc; prabnum-ilc masici; isanam-ilc coniiollci; sarvasya-ol cvciyonc; saranam-ilc slclici; sunrt--an jrcn, prajna-spiiiiual lnowlcdgc; ca-and; tasmat-liom Him; prasrta-bccomcs manilcsi; puran-cicinal; samsara-ol maiciial cxisiancc; banna-ol ilc bondagc; stnt-liom ilc siiuaiion; mohsa-ol libciaiion; nctun-ilc causc. Thaf fhe Lord is fhe supreme masfer, friend, feacher, and deIiverer is confirmed in fhe foIIowing quofes from fhe Svefasvafara Upanisad: "The PersonaIify of Godhead is everyone's supreme masfer, confroIIer, sheIfer and friend." (3.17) "The PersonaIify of Godhead is fhe feacher who reawakens fhe efernaI spirifuaI knowIedge of fhe condifioned souIs." (+.18) "The PersonaIify of Godhead deIivers fhe condifioned souIs from fhe bondage of repeafed birfh and deafh." (6.16) TEXT 15 (d) manuryam ca sri-gopaIopansa sat-punariha-nayanam mcgnabnam vayutambaram v-bnujam mauna-muranyam vana-maInam isvaram manuryam-ilc claiming bcauiy ol ilc Loid; ca-and; sri-gopaIa-upansa- in ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad; sat-manilcsicd; punariha-lilc loius llowcis; nayanam-cycs; mcgna-ol a licsl iain-cloud; abnam-splcndoi; vayuta-as splcndid as liglining; ambaram-gaimcnis; v-wiil iwo; bnujam-aims; mauna- muranyam-lull ol iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc; isvaram-ilc Supicmc Coniiollci. The Lord's charming beaufy is described in fhe GopaIa-fapan Upanisad (1.13): "The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead appears as spIendid as a fresh rain-cIoud, and His eyes are as beaufifuI as Iofus fIowers. He has fwo arms and wears garmenfs as yeIIow as Iighfning. He is decorafed wifh a garIand of foresf fIowers, and He is fuII of franscendenfaI knowIedge." TEXT 16 na bnnna narmno narma bnca-bnanam vscsatan yasmat haIan sarvaastity a-nir vusam ap na-noi; bnnnan-dillcicni; narmnan-liom ilc posscssoi ol qualiiics; narman-qualiiics; bnca-disiinciion; bnanam-appcaiancc; vscsatan- spccilically; yasmat-liom wlom; haIan-iimc; sarvaa-cicinally; ast-cxisis; t-ilus; a-oiiginal; nin-iniclligcncc; vusam-among ilc lcaincd plilosoplcis; ap-and. The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is nof differenf from His franscendenfaI form and affribufes, and any apparenf disfincfion is an iIIusion. He is fhe originaI Iearned phiIosopher, and He is fhe source of efernaI fime. TEXT 17 cvam uhtam naraa-pancaratrc nrosa-purna-guna-vgrana atma-tantro nscctanatmaha-sarira-gunas ca ninan anana-matra-hara-paa-muhnoaran sarvatra ca svagata-bnca-vvarjtatma cvam-in ilis way; uhtam-dcsciibcd; naraa-pancaratrc-in ilc Naiada Pancaiaiia; nrosa-wiiloui lauli; purna-lull; guna-ol iiansccndcnial aiiiibuics; vgranan-loim; atma-tantran-indcpcndani; nscctana-maiciial; atmaha-mind; sarira-body; gunan-and aiiiibuics; ca-and; ninan-wiiloui; anana-spiiiiual bliss; matra-cxclusivcly consisiing ol; hara-lands; paa- lcci; muhna-lacc; uara-bclly; an-cic.; sarvatra-in cvciy icspcci; ca-and; svagata-liom Himscll; bnca-wiil a dillcicncc; vvarjta-dcvoid ol; atma- Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. This is described in fhe Narada Pacarafra: "The independenf Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead possesses a spirifuaI form fuII of perfecf and fauIfIess quaIifies. He is nof differenf from fhe hands, feef, face, beIIy, or ofher parfs of his form, which are aII made excIusiveIy of franscendenfaI bIiss." TEXT 18 (a) atna ntya-Iahsmhatvam, yatna vsnu-puranc ntyava sa jagan-mata vsnun srir anapayni yatna sarvagato vsnus tatnavcyam vjottama atna-now; ntya-cicinal; Iahsmihatvam-posiiion ol Lalsm-dcv; yatna- just as, vsnu-puranc-in ilc Visnu Puiana; ntya-cicinal; cva-cciiainly; sa-slc; jagat-ol ilc univcisc; mata-ilc moilci; vsnon-io Loid Visnu; srin-Simai Lalsmdcv, ilc goddcss ol loiiunc; anapayni-cicinally laiillul; yatna-jusi as; sarva-gatan-all-pcivading; vsnun-Loid Visnu; tatna-in ilc samc way; cva- cciiainly; yam-slc; vja-ol bialmanas; uttama-O bcsi. The efernaI franscendenfaI posifion of Srmaf Laksm-dev is described in fhe Visnu Purana: "O besf of fhe brahmanas, Lord Visnu's franscencenfaI pofency, Srmaf Laksmdev, is His consfanf faifhfuI companion. She is efernaI, and she is fhe mofher of fhe enfire maferiaI universe. She is aII-pervading, jusf as Lord Visnu is." TEXT 18 (b) vsnon syun sahtayas tsras tasu ya hirtta para sava sris ta-abnnnct prana ssyan prabnur manan vsnon-ol Loid Visnu; syun-ilcic aic; sahtayan-poicncics; tsran-ilicc; tasu-among ilcm; ya-ilai wlicl; hirtta-is gloiilicd; para-as ilc iiansccndcnial and supciioi; sa-slc; cva-cciiainly; srin-Simai Lalsm-dcv; tat-wiil ilc Loid; abnnna-noi dillcicni; t-ilus; prana-spolc; ssyan-io His siudcnis; prabnun manan-Loid Caiianya Malapiablu. Lord Caifanya Mahaprabhu insfrucfed His discipIes in fhe foIIowing way: "Srmaf Laksm-dev is fhe besf of Lord Visnu's fhree pofencies, and She is nof differenf from fhe Lord HimseIf." TEXT 18 (c) tatra trsaht-vsnun, yatna svctasvataropansa parasya sahtr vvnava sruyatc svabnavhi jnana-baIa-hrya ca pranana-hsctrajna-patr guncsan tatra-in ilis conncciion; tr-saht-posscssing ilicc poicncics; vsnun-Loid Visnu; yatna-jusi as; svctasvatara-upansa-in ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; para-supicmc; asya-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; sahtn-poicncy; vvna-vaiious; cva-cciiainly; sruyatc-is lcaid; svabnavhi-accoiding io naiuic; jnana-poicncy ol lnowlcdgc; baIa-poicncy ol cicinal cxisicncc; hrya- poicncy ol spiiiiual bliss; ca-and; pranana-ilc unmanilcsicd maiciial naiuic; hsctrajna-and ilc individual living cniiiics; patn-ilc masici; guna-ol ilc ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic; isan-ilc masici. The Svefasvafara Upanisad (6.8) describes fhe fhree energies of Lord Visnu: "If has been heard in fhe Vedas fhaf Lord Visnu possesses muIfifarious pofencies, which may be divided info fhree cafegories: 1. fhe pofency of franscendenfaI knowIedge, 2. fhe pofency of efernaI exisfence, and 3. fhe pofency of spirifuaI bIiss. Lord Visnu is aIso fhe masfer of aII Iiving enfifies, and fhe confroIIer of fhe maferiaI cosmos bofh in ifs unmanifesfed sfage, and ifs deveIopmenfs of fhe fhree modes of nafure." TEXT 19 (a) sri-vsnu-puranc ca vsnu-sahtn para prohta hsctrajnahnya tatna paraa avya-harma-samjnanya trtiya sahtr syatc sri-vsnu-puranc-in ilc Visnu Puiana; ca-and; vsnu-sahtn-ilc poicncy ol Loid Visnu; para-spiiiiual; prohta-ii is said; hsctrajna-ahnya-ilc poicncy lnown as lsciiajna; tatna-as wcll as; para-spiiiiual; avya-ignoiancc; harma-liuiiivc aciiviiics; samjna-lnown as; anya-oilci; trtiya-iliid; sahtn- poicncy; syatc-lnown ilus. The Visnu Purana expIains: "The pofency of Lord Visnu is summarized in fhree cafegories: nameIy, fhe spirifuaI pofency, fhe Iiving enfifies and ignorance. The spirifuaI pofency is fuII of knowIedge; fhe Iiving enfifies, aIfhough beIonging fo fhe spirifuaI pofency, are subjecf fo bewiIdermenf; and fhe fhird energy, which is fuII of ignorance, is aIways visibIe in fruifive acfivifies." TEXT 19 (b) parava vsnv-abnnna srir ty uhtam. tatrava haIa-hastna-nmcsa- haIa-sutrasya gocarc yasya sahtr na sunasya prasiatu sa no narn para-iiansccndcnial poicncy; vsnu-ilan Loid Visnu; abnnna-noi dillcicni; srin-Simai Lalsm-dcv; t-ilus; uhtam-spolcn; tatra-ilcic; cva-cciiainly; haIa-scconds; hastna-scconds; nmcsa-momcni; a-cic; haIa-ol iimc; sutrasya-ol ilc mcasuiing siiing; gocarc-wiilin ilc pciccpiion; yasya-ol wlom; sahtn-poicncy; na-noi; sunasya-licc liom all maiciial impuiiiy; prasiatu-may bc mcicilul; san-Hc; nan-io us; narn-Loid Haii. Srmaf Laksm-dev, fhe supreme spirifuaI pofency, is non-differenf from Lord Visnu: The spirifuaI pofencies of fhe Lord are described in fhe foIIowing verses from Visnu Purana: "Lord Hari's franscendenfaI pofency cannof be measured by fhe sfring of fime, caIibrafed in minufes and seconds. May fhaf supremeIy pure PersonaIify of Godhead be mercifuI fo us. TEXT 19 (c) procyatc paramcso yo yan suno py upacaratan prasiatu sa no vsnur atma yan sarva-cnnam procyatc-is dcsciibcd; parama-isan-ilc supicmc coniiollci; yan-wlo; yan- wlo; sunan-puic; ap-and; upacaratan-scivcd; prasiatu-may bc mcicilul; san-Hc; nan-io us; vsnun-Visnu; atma-Supcisoul; yan-wlo; sarva-ol all; cnnam-living cniiiics in ilc maiciial woild. "Lord Visnu is described as fhe supreme confroIIer, free from aII maferiaI impurify. He is fhe objecf of Srmaf Laksm-dev's service, and He is fhe SupersouI of aII condifioned Iiving enfifies. May He be mercifuI fo us." TEXT 19 (d) csa parava tr-vr ty uhtam tatrava nIani sannni samvt tvayy cha sarva-samstntau nIaa-tapahari msra tvay no guna-varjtc csa-ilis; para-supciioi poicncy; cva-cciiainly; tr-vrt-ilicc-lold; t-ilus; uhtam-dcsciibcd; tatra-ilcic; cva-indccd; nIani-plcasuic poicncy; sannni-cxisicncc poicncy; samvt-lnowlcdgc poicncy; tvay-in You; cha- onc; sarva-samstntau-wlo aic ilc basis ol all ilings; nIaa-plcasuic; tapa-and misciy; hari-causing; msra-a mixiuic ol ilc iwo; tvay-in You; no-noi; guna- varjtc-wlo aic wiiloui ilc ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic. The Visnu Purana expIains fhaf fhe Lord's spirifuaI pofency has fhree aspecfs: "O Lord, You are fhe supporf of everyfhing. The fhree affribufes hIadin (pIeasure pofency), sandhin (exisfence pofency), and samvif (knowIedge pofency) exisf in You as one spirifuaI energy. Buf fhe maferiaI modes, which cause happiness, misery and mixfures of fhe fwo, do nof exisf in You, for You have no maferiaI quaIifies." TEXT 20 (a) cho p vsnur chap Iahsmis ta-anapayni sva-snar banubnr vcsar banur ty abnniyatc chan-onc; ap-alilougl; vsnun-Loid Visnu; cha-onc; ap-alilougl; Iahsmi-Lalsm-dcv; tat-ol Him; anapayni-ilc consiani associaic; sva- snan-spiiiiually pcilcci; banubnn-by many; vcsan-appcaianccs; banun- many; t-ilus; abnniyatc-is dcsciibcd. Lord Visnu is one, and His consfanf associafe Laksm-dev is aIso one. Assuming many differenf spirifuaI forms, fhey appear fo have become many. TEXT 20 (b) tatrahatvc satycva vsnor banutvam, sri-gopaIopansa cho vasi sarvagan hrsna ya cho p san banuna yo vabnat tam pitnastnam yc tu yajant niras tc sam suhnam sasvatam nctarcsam tatra-in ilis conncciion; chatvc-in ilc oncncss; satya- ilc iiuil; va-as il; vsnon-ol Loid Visnu; banutvam-ilc siaic ol bcing many; sri-gopaIa-upansa- in ilc Gopala Tapan Upanisad; chan-onc; vasi-ilc supicmc coniiollci; sarvagan- all-pcivading; hrsnan-Loid Kisna; yan-supicmcly woislipablc; chan-onc; ap-alilougl; san-bcing; banuna- in many loims; yan-wlo; avabnat-manilcsis; tam-Him; pitnastnam-in His iiansccndcnial abodc; yc- ilosc wlo; yajant-woislip; niran-iniclligcni pcisons; tcsam-ol ilcm; suhnam-lappincss; sasvatam-cicinal; na-noi; tarcsam-ol oilcis. The GopaIa-fapan Upanisad (1.21) confirms fhaf Lord Visnu is one, aIfhough He manifesfs in many forms: "Lord Krsna is fhe worshipabIe, aII- pervading supreme confroIIer, and aIfhough He is one, Hi manifesfs in many forms. Those who are infeIIigenf worship fhaf Supreme Lord, who remains in His spirifuaI abode. Those persons affain fhe efernaI franscendenfaI happiness which is nof avaiIabIe for ofhers." TEXT 20 (c) atna Iahsmyas ta yatna parasya sahtr vvnava sruyatc. ty a. atna-now; Iahsmyan-ol Lalsm-dcv; tat-ilai; yatna-jusi as; para- supicmc; asya-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; sahtn-poicncy; vvna-vaiious; cva-cciiainly; sruyatc-is lcaid; t-ilus; a-cic. Srmaf Laksm-dev aIso manifesfs in many forms. This is confirmed in fhe Svefasvafara Upanisad (6.8): "If has been heard in fhe Vedas fhaf Lord Visnu's franscendenfaI pofency manifesfs in many forms." TEXT 21 (a) purtn sarvatrhi yay apy avscsa tatnap n taratamyam ca tac-cnaht- vyahty-vyaht-hrtam bnavct purtn-pcilcciion and complcicncss; sarvatrhi-ai all iimcs and ciicumsianccs; ya ap-alilougl; avscsa-wiiloui any disiinciion; tatna ap- ncvciilclcss; n-indccd; taratamyam-disiinciion ol supciioiiiy and inlciioiiiy; ca-and; tat-ol Him; saht-ol ilc poicncy; vyaht-manilcsi; avyahti-hrtam- and unmanilcsi; bnavct-may bc. AIfhough aII of fhe franscendenfaI forms of Visnu and Laksm are aIways equaIIy perfecf and compIefe in aII circumsfances, fhese forms are considered higher and Iower according fo fhe differenf quaIifies and pofencies which fhey manifesf or refrain from manifesfing. TEXT 21 (b) tatra nsnon sarvatrhi purtr yatna vajasancyahc "purnam aan purnam am purnat purnam uacyatc purnasya purnam aaya purnam cvavassyatc" tatra-in ilis conncciion; vsnon-ol Loid Visnu; sarvatrhi- in all ciicumsianccs; purtn-pcilcciion and complcicncss; yatna-jusi as; vajasancyhc-in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad;om-ilc complcic wlolc; purnam-pcilccily complcic; aan- ilai; purnam-pcilccily complcic; am-ilis plcnomcnal woild; purnat-liom ilc all-pcilcci; purnam-complcic unii; uacyatc-is pioduccd; purnasya-ol ilc complcic wlolc; purnam-complcicly, all; aaya-laving bccn ialcn away; purnam-ilc complcic balancc; cva-cvcn; cvassyatc-is icmaining. Lord Visnu is aIways perfecf and compIefe. This is described in fhe Brhad- aranyaka Upanisad (5.1.1): "The PersonaIify of Godhead is perfecf and compIefe, and because He is compIefeIy perfecf, aII emanafions from Him, such as fhis phenomenaI worId, are perfecfIy equipped as compIefe whoIes. Whafever is produced of fhe compIefe whoIe is aIso compIefe in ifseIf. Because He is fhe compIefe whoIe, even fhough so many compIefe unifs emanafe from Him, He remains fhe compIefe baIance." TEXT 21 (c) mana-varanc ca sarvc ntyan sasvatas ca cnas tasya paratmanan nanopaana-ranta nava prahrtjan hvact mana-varanc-in ilc Mala-vaiala Puiana; ca-and; sarvc-all; ntyan-cicinal; sasvatan-impciislablc; ca-and; cnan-loims; tasya-ol Him; para-atmanan-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; nana-dcsiiuciion; upaana-oiigin; rantan-dcvoid ol; na-noi; cva-cciiainly; prahrt-jan-pioduccd liom ilc maiciial cncigy; hvact-ai any iimc. The Maha-varaaha Purana aIso expIains: "The franscendenfaI forms of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead are efernaI and imperishabIe. They were nof creafed af a cerfain poinf, and fhey are never fo be desfroyed. They are nof producfs of fhe maferiaI energy. TEXT 21 (d) paramanana-sanona jnana-matras ca sarvatan sarvc sarva-gunan purnan sarva-osa-vvarjtan parama-iiansccndcnial; anana-ol bliss; sanonan-ilc gicai abundancc; jnana-ol lnowlcdgc; matran-cxclusivcly; ca-and; sarvatan-all; sarvc-all; gunan-auspicious iiansccndcni qualiiics; purnan-lillcd; sarva-all; osa-ol dclccis; vvarjtan-dcvoid. "AII fhe forms of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead are compIefeIy fiIIed wifh franscendenfaI bIiss, knowIedge and aII auspicious quaIifies. These spirifuaI forms of fhe Lord are free from aII maferiaI defecfs." TEXT 22 (a) atna sryan sa yatna sri-vsnu-puranc cvam yatna jagat-svami cva-cvo janaranan avatram haroty csa tatna sris tat-sanayni atna--nov, sriyan-ol Simai Lalsm; sa-slc; yatna-jusi as; sri-vsnu- puranc-in ilc Visnu Puiana; cvam-in ilc samc way; yatna-jusi as; jagat-ol ilc univcisc; svami-ilc loid; cva-ol all dcmigods; cvan-ilc masici; janaranan-Loid Janaidana; avataram-incainaiion; harot-manilcsis; csan-Hc; tatna-in ilc samc way; srin-Simai Lalsm-dcv; tat-His; sanayni-cicinal companion. Srmaf Laksm-dev is described in fhe same way in fhe Visnu Purana: "]usf as Lord ]anardana, fhe confroIIer of fhe universe and masfer of fhe demigods incarnafes in differenf forms, so aIso does His efernaI consorf, Srmaf Laksm- dev. TEXT 22 (b) punas ca pama ubnuta atyo bnu yaa narn yaa ca bnargavo ramas taabnu narni tv yam punan-again; ca-and; pamat-liom ilc loius; ubnuta- boin; atyan-as ilc son ol Adiii (Loid Vamana); abnut-bccamc manilcsi; yaa-wlcn; narn- Loid Haii; yaa-wlcn; ca-and; bnargavan-in ilc dynasiy ol lligu; raman- Loid Paiasuiama; taa-ilcn; abnut-appcaicd; narni-as Dlaiin; tu-indccd; yam-slc. "When Lord Hari appeared as Vamana, fhe son of difi, Laksm-dev appeared as Padma, and when fhe Lord appeared as Parasurama, she appeared as Dharin. TEXT 22 (c) ragnavatvc bnavat sita ruhmni hrsna-janman anycsu cavatarcsu vsnor csa sanayni ragnavatvc-in ilc appcaiancc ol Loid Ramacandia; abnavat-slc bccamc; sita-Sia-dcv; ruhmni-Piinccss Rulmin; hrsna-ol Loid Kisna; janman-in ilc incainaiion; anycsu-in oilcis; ca-and; avatarcsu-duiing ilc incainaiions; vsnon-ol Loid Visnu; csa-slc; sanayni-ilc consoii. "When fhe Lord appeared as Ramacandra, she became Sfa-dev, and when He descended in His originaI form as Lord Krsna, she was Princess Rukmin. In Lord Visnu's many ofher incarnafions, she aIways appeared as fhe Lord's consorf. TEXT 22 (d) cvatvc cva-cncyam manusatvc ca manusi vsnor cnanurupam va haroty csatmanas tanum syat svarupa-sati purtr nahyas t vn-matam cvatvc-wlcn ilc Loid appcais as a dcmigod; cva-ol dcmigod; cna- assuming ilc loim; yam-slc; manusatvc-wlcn ilc Loid incainaics as a luman bcing; ca-and; manusi-in ilc loim ol a luman; vsnon-ol Loid Visnu; cna-ol ilc loim; anurupam-coiicsponding; va-cciiainly; harot-manilcsis; csa-slc; atmanan-ol Hciscll; tanum-ilc loim; syat-ilcic is; sva-rupa-sati-iclaicd io lci iiansccndcnial loim; purtn-pcilcciion and complcicncss; na-in ilis conncciion; ahyat-bccausc ol non-dillcicncc; t-ilus; vt-ol ilc iiansccndcnial sclolais; matam-ilc opinion. "Laksm-dev appears in differenf forms, corresponding fo fhe forms of Lord Visnu. When fhe Lord appears as a demigod, she assumes a demigod-Iike form, and when He appears in a human-Iike form, she assumes a human-Iike form aIso. As fhe Lord's franscendenfaI pofency, she is nof differenf form Him, and her spirifuaI forms are aII perfecf and compIefe. This is fhe opinion of fhe Iearned franscendenfaIisfs." TEXT 23 (a) atna tatnap taratamyam atna sri-vsnos ta yatna sri-bnagavatc ,1.3.28) ctc camsa-haIan pumsan hrsnas tu bnagavan svayam atna-now; tatna ap-ncvciilclcss; taratamyam-disiinciion ol supciioi and inlciioi; atna-now; sri-vsnon-ol Loid Visnu; tat-ilai; yatna-jusi as; sri- bnagavatc-in ilc Simad-llagavaiam; ctc-all ilcsc; ca-and; amsa-plcnaiy poiiions; haIan-poiiions ol ilc plcnaiy poiiions; pumsan-ol ilc Supicmc; hrsnan-LOid Kisna; tu-bui; bnagavan-ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; svayam-in pcison. Some forms of fhe Lord are considered superior fo ofher forms of fhe Lord. In fhis connecfion fhe Srmad-Bhagavafam (1.3.28) expIains: "AII of fhe above- menfioned incarnafions are eifher pIenary porfions or porfions of fhe pIenary porfions of fhe Lord, buf Lord Sri Krsna is fhe originaI PersonaIify of Godhead." TEXT 23 (b) astamas tu tayor asit svayam cva narn hIa astaman-ilc ciglil; tu-indccd; tayon-ol Vasudcva and Dcval; asit-was; svayam-pcisonally; cva-indccd; narn-Loid Haii; hIa-cciiainly. "The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead appeared in His originaI form as fhe eighfh son of Vasudeva and Devak." TEXT 2+ (a) atna sris ta yatna purusa-bonnyam atnarvopansa "gohuIahnyc matnuramanaIc" ty upahramya "vc parsvc canravaIi ranha ca" ty abnnaya paratra "yasya amsc Iahsmi-urgaha-sahtn" t. atna-now; srin-ilc goddcss ol loiiunc; tat-ilai; yatna-jusi as; purusa- bonnyam-in ilc Puiusa-bodlin; atnarva-ol ilc Ailaiva Vcda; upansa-in ilc Upanisad; gohuIa-Golula; ahnyc- in ilc placc namcd; matnura-ol Mailuia; manaIc-in ilc disiiici; t-ilus; upahramya-laving bcgun; vc-iwo; parsvc- ai ilc sidcs; canravaIi-Candiaval; ranha-Simai Radlaian; ca-and; t tnus, abnnaya-dcsciibing by namc; paratra-in anoilci placc; yasyan-ol Hci; amsc-as paiis; Iahsmi-Lalsm; urga-Duiga; aha-bcginning wiil; sahtn- ilc Loid's poicncics; t-ilus. The same differing imporfance of forms appIies fo Srmaf Laksm-dev. The Purusa-bodhin Upanisad of fhe Afharva Veda expIains: "In fhe supreme abode of GokuIa in fhe disfricf of Mafhura, Srmaf Radharan and Srmaf CandravaI-dev sfand af fhe Ieff and righf side of Lord Krsna." "Srmaf Radharan expands HerseIf as Laksm, Durga, and many ofher pofencies of fhe Lord which are aII her incarnafions." TEXT 2+ (b) gautamiya-tantrc ca cvi hrsnamayi prohta ranha para-cvata sarva-Iahsmimay sarva- hantn sammonni para gautamiya-tantrc-in ilc Gauiamya Taniia; ca-and; cvi-wlo slincs biillianily; hrsna-mayi-nondillcicni liom Loid Kisna; prohta-callcd; ranha- Simai Radlaian; para-cvata-mosi woislipablc; sarva-Iahsmi-mayi-picsiding ovci all ilc goddcsscs ol loiiunc; sarva-hantn-in wlom all splcndoi cxisis; sammonni-wlosc claiacici complcicly bcwildcis Loid Kisna; para-ilc supciioi cncigy. This is aIso confirmed in fhe Gaufamya Tanfra: "The franscendenfaI goddess Srmaf Radharan is fhe direcf counferparf of Lord Sr Krsna. She is fhe cenfraI figure for aII fhe goddesses of forfune. she possesses aII fhe affracfiveness fo affracf fhe aII-affracfive PersonaIify of Godhead. She is fhe primevaI infernaI pofency of fhe Lord." TEXT 25 (a) atna ntya-namatvam a-sabat, yatna cnanogyc sa bnagavan hasmn pratstntan. t. svc manmn. t munahc ca vyc purc ny csa samvyomny atma pratstntan. t atna-now; ntya-cicinal; namatvam-ilc siaic ol ilc abodc; a-"adi"; sabat-liom ilc woid; yatna-jusi as; cnanogyc-in ilc Clandogya Upanisad; san-Hc; bnagavan-O Sanai-lumaia; hasmn-wlcic'; pratstntan-is siiuaicd; t-ilus; svc-in His own; manmn-gloiious abodc; t-ilus; munahc-in ilc Mundala Upanisad; vyc-splcndid; purc-in ilc abodc; n-cciiainly; csan-Hc; samvomn-in ilc spiiiiual sly; atma-ilc supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; pratstntan-is siiuaicd; t-ilus. The Lord's efernaI abode may be undersfood by fhe use of fhe word "adi" (efc.) in fhe quofe from fhe Purusa-bodhin Upanisad. In fhis connecfion, fhe foIIowing quesfion and answer are found in fhe Chandogya Upanisad: "O Sanaf-kumara, where does fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead reside:" "He resides in His own spIendid abode." The Mundaka Upanisad aIso confirms:
"The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead resides in His own spIendid abode in fhe spirifuaI sky." TEXT 25 (b) rhsu ca tam vam vastuny usmas gamanyc yatra gavo bnur-srnga ayasan. atrana ta urugayasya hrsnan paramam paam avabnat bnur. t. rhsu-in ilc Rg Vcda; ca-and; tam-ilai; vam-ol ilc divinc couplc (Si Si Radla and Kisna); vastun-ilc iiansccndcnial abodcs; usmas-wc dcsiic; gamanyc-io aiiain; yatra-wlcic; gavan-suiabli cows; bnur-wiil cxccllcni; srngan-loins; ayasan-movc aboui; atra-in ilc samc sciipiuic; ana-ilc scci dcsciibcs; tat-ilai; urugayasya-ol Loid Kisna, wlo is gloiilicd by ilc libciaicd souls; vrsnan-and wlo lullills all ilc dcsiics ol ilc dcvoiccs; paramam- iiansccndcnial; paam-abodc; avabnat-is splcndidly manilcsi; bnur- unlimiicdly; t--tnus. The Rg Veda (1.15+.6) expIains: "We desire fo affain fhe franscendenfaI abode of Sr Sr Radha and Krsna, which is fuII of spIendid surabhi cows." The Srufi aIso expIains: "UnIimifed Vaikunfha pIanefs are fhe abode of Lord Krsna, who is gIorified by fhe Iiberafed souIs and who fuIfiIIs aII fhe desires of fhe devofees." TEXT 26 (a) sri-gopaIopansa ca tasam manyc sahsa branma gopaIa-puri n. t. sri-gopaIa-upansa-in ilc Gopala Tapan Upanisad; ca-and; tasam-ol ilc scvcn loly ciiics ol llaiaia-vaisa; manyc-in ilc midsi; sahsat-diiccily; branma-ilc spiiiiual woild; gopaIa-ol Loid Gopala; puri-ilc ciiy; n-ciiainly; t-ilus. The GopaIa-fapan Upanisad expIains: "Among fhe seven sacred cifies of Bharafa, fhe cify of Mafhura, where Lord GopaIa resides, is a direcf manifesfafion of fhe spirifuaI worId." TEXT 26 (b) jtantc tantrc ca Ioham vahuntna-namanam vya-sa-gunya-samyutam avasnavanam aprapyam guna-traya-vvarjtam jtantc tantrc-in ilc Jiiania Taniia; ca-and; Ioham-woild; vahuntna- Vailunila; namanam-namcd; vyat-spiiiiual; sat-six; gunya-aiiiibuics; samyutam-cndowcd; avasnavanam-by ilc non-dcvoiccs; aprapyam- unaiiainablc; guna-modcs ol maiciial naiuic; traya-oi ilc ilicc; vvarjtam- dcvoid. The ]ifanfa Tanfra expIains: "UnaffainabIe by fhe non-devofees, free from fhe infIuence of fhe fhree modes of maferiaI nafure, and fiIIed wifh fhe six spirifuaI opuIences, fhe supreme abode of fhe PersonaIify of Godhead is known as Vaikunfha. TEXT 26 (c) ntya-snan samahirnam tan-mayan panca-haIhan sabna-prasaa-samyuhtam vanas copavanan subnam ntya-snan_vtn tnc ctcrnaIIy Ibcratc souIs, samhirnam-lillcd; tat-mayan- by ilc Loid's spiiiiual associaics; panca-haIhan-cngagcd in ilc livc aciiviiics ol appioacling ilc Loid, acccpiing ilings liom Him, woislipping Him, lcaiing aboui and icmcmbciing Him; sabna-gicai lalls; prasaa-and palaccs; samyuhtam-cndowcd; vanan-wiil loicsis; ca-and; upavanan-gaidcns; subnam-vciy splcndid. "Appearing very spIendid wifh gardens, foresfs, haIIs and greaf paIaces, fhaf Vaikunfha worId is inhabifed by fhe Supreme Lord's Iiberafed associafes who are aIways engaged in fhe devofionaI acfivifies of approaching fhe Lord, asociafing wifh Him, worshipping, hearing abouf and remembering Him af every momenf. TEXT 26 (d) vap-hupa-taagas ca vrhsa-sanan sumantam aprahrtam surar vanyam ayutarha-sama-prabnam vap-wiil lalcs; hupa-wclls; taagan-ponds; ca-and; vrhsa-ol dcsiic- iiccs; sanan-wiil muliiiudcs; sumantam-niccly dccoiaicd; aprahrtam- bcyond ilc inllucncc ol maiciial naiuic; suran-by ilc dcmigods; vanyam- woislipablc; ayuta-millions; arha-ol suns; sama-cqual; prabnam-splcndoi. "Thaf Vaikunfha worId is beyond fhe reach of fhe maferiaI nafure, and if is worshipped by fhe demigods. If is niceIy decorafed wifh weIIs, ponds, Iakes, and various desire-frees, and if is as effuIgenf as miIIions of suns." TEXT 26 (e) branma-samntayam ca sanasra-patram hamaIam gohuIahnyam manat-paam tat-harnharam ta-nama ta-anantamsa-sambnavam branma-samntayam-in ilc lialma-samliia; ca-and; sanasra-ilousands; patram-ol pcials; hamaIam-loius llowci; gohuIa-Golula; ahnyam-namcd; manat-gicai; paam-abodc; tat-ol ilai; harnharam-ilc wloil; tat-ilai; nama-abodc; tat-ilai; ananta-unlimiicd; amsa-paiis; sambnavam-boin. The Brahma-samhifa (verse 2) presenfs fhe foIIowing descripfion: "The superexceIIenf sfafion of Krsna, which is known as GokuIa, has fhousands of pefaIs and coroIIa Iike fhaf of a Iofus sproufed from a parf of His infinafary aspecf, fhe whorI of fhe Ieaves being fhe acfuaI abode of Krsna." TEXT 27 (a) prapancc svatmaham Ioham avatarya mancsvaran avrbnavat tatrct matam branma-sabatan prapancc-in ilc juiisdiciion ol ilc maiciial cncigy; sva-aimalam-own; Ioham-abodc; avatarya-laving causcd io dcsccnd; mancsvaran-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; aviiblavaii-manilcsis; tatra-ilcic; t- tnus, matam-ilc opinion; branma-ol lialma- adi-and oilcis; sabatan-liom ilc woids. The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead brings His own spirifuaI reaIm wifhin fhe jurisdicfion of fhe maferiaI worId, and fhen personaIIy appears fhere. This is fhe opinion of Lord Brahma and fhe ofher Iearned spirifuaIisfs. TEXT 27 (b) govnc sac-c-ananc nara-arahata yatna ajnar nrupyatc tava namn prahrtta hIa govnc-loi Loid Govinda; sat-wlosc loim is cicinal; ct-lull ol lnowlcdgc; ananc-and bliss; nara-luman; arahata-ilc siaic ol bcing a clild; yatna-jusi as; ajnan-by ilc ignoiani; nrupyatc, s conscrc, tavat-io ilai cxicni; namn-io ilc Loi's spiiiiual abodc; prahrtta-ilc siaic ol bcing maiciial; hIa- indccd. ]usf as fhey consider fhe efernaI, omniscienf and bIissfuI spirifuaI form of Lord Krsna fo be onIy fhe form of an ordinary human chiId, fhe fooIish aIso consider fhe Lord's spirifuaI abodes fo be simpIy a manifesfafion of maferiaI energy. TEXT 28 (a) atna ntya-IiIatvam ca. tatnan srutn ya gatam bnavac ca bnavsyac ca. t. cho cvo ntya-IiIanurahto bnahta-vyapi bnahta-nry antaratma. t ca. atna-now; ntya-cicinal; IiIatvam-ilc siaic ol pciloiming pasiimcs; ca- and; tatna n-luiilcimoic; srutn-in ilc Vcdas; yat-wlicl; gatam-lappcncd in ilc pasi; bnavat-lappcns ai picscni; bnavsyat-will occui in ilc luiuic; ca- and; t-ilus; chan-onc; cvan-Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; ntya- cicinal; IiIa-by pasiimcs; anurahtan-dcliglicd; bnahta-loi ilc dcvoiccs; vyapi- all-pcivading; bnahta-ol ilc dcvoiccs; nr-wiilin ilc lcaii; antaratma-ilc Supcisoul. The Supreme Lord Performs efernaI pasfimes. This is confirmed in fhe Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad: "The Supreme Lord performs pasfimes efernaIIy: in fhe pasf, presenf and fufure." The Afharva Veda expIains: "The one supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is efernaIIy engaged in many, many franscendenfaI forms in reIafionships wifh His unaIIoyed devofees." TEXT 28 (b) smrts ca janma harma ca mc vyam cvam yo ctt tattvatan tyhtva cnam punar janma nat mam t sorjuna smrtn-ilc smiii; ca-and; janma-biiil; harma-woil; ca-also; mc-ol Minc; vyam-iiansccndnial; cvam-lilc ilis; yan-anyonc wlo; vctt-lnows; tattvatan-in icaliiy; tyahtva-lcaving asidc; cnam-ilis body; punan-again; janma-biiil; na-ncvci; ct-docs aiiain; mam-unio Mc; ct-docs aiiain; san- lc; arjuna-O Aijuna. The Lord HimseIf expains in Bhagavad-gifa (+.9): "One who knows fhe franscendenfaI nafure of My appearance and acfivifies does nof, upon Ieaving fhe body, fake his birfh again in fhis maferiaI worId, buf affains My efernaI abode, O Arjuna." TEXT 29 rupanantyaj jananantya namanantyac ca harma tat ntyam syat ta-abncac ccty utam tattva-vttaman rupa-ol ilc Loid's spiiiiual loims; anantyat-bccausc ol ilc numbcilcssncss; jana-ol ilc Loid's associaics; anantyat-bccausc ol ilc numbcilcssncss; nama- ol ilc Loid's abodcs; anantyat-bccausc ol ilc inliniic cxicni; ca-and; harma- pasiimcs; tat-ilcsc; ntyam-cicinal; syat-aic; tat-liom ilcm; abncat- bccausc Hi is noi dillcicni; ca-and; t-ilus; utam-dcsciibcd; tattva- viiiamail-by ilc lcaincd iiansccndcnialisis, wlo lnow ilc iiuil. Because fhe Lord's forms, foIIowers, and abodes are aII unIimifed, and because fhe Lord's forms and abodes are nof differenf from Him, fhe Iearned franscendenfaIisfs have described fhaf fhe Lord's pasfimes are efernaIIy manifesf. Second Prameya TEXT 1 (a) atnahnIamnaya-vcyatvam. yatna sri-gopaIopansa yo sau sarvar vcar giyatc. t. hatnahc ca-- saivc vcda yai-padam amananii iapamsi saivani ca yad vadanii aila-now; ahnIa-all; amnaya-by ilc Vcdas; vcyatvam-ilc siaic ol bcing lnown; yatna-jusi as; sri-gopaIa-upansa-in ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad; yan-wlo- asau-Hc; sarvan-by all; vcan-ilc Vcdas; giyatc-is gloiilicd; t- ilus; hatnahc-in ilc Kaila Upanisad; sarvc-all; vcan-ilc Vcdas; yat-wlosc; paam-loius lcci; amanant-woislip; tapams-ausiciiiics; sarvan-all; ca- and; yat-wlom; vaant-gloiily. 2. The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is known by sfudy of fhe Vedas: The GopaIa-fapan Upanisad confirms fhis: "AII fhe Vedas procIaim fhe gIories of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead." And fhe Kafha Upanisad (1.2.15) aIso confirms if: "AII fhe Vedas worship fhe Supreme Lord's Iofus feef, and aII ausferifies procIaim His gIories." TEXT 1 (b) sri-nar-vamsc ca vcc ramayanc cava puranc bnaratc tatna aav antc ca manyc ca narn sarvatra giyatc sri-nar-vamsc-in ilc Haii-vamsa; ca-and; vcc-in ilc Vcdas; ramayanc-in ilc Ramayana; ca-and; cva-cciiainly; puranc-in ilc Puianas; bnaratc-in ilc Malablaiaia; tatna-in ilc samc way; aau-in ilc bcginning; antc-in ilc middlc; ca-and; manyc-in ilc middlc; ca-and; narn-ilc supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; sarvatra-cvciywlcic; giyatc-is gloiilicd. The Hari-vamsa sfafes: "In fhe Vedic Iiferafure, incIuding fhe Ramayana, Puranas ad Mahabharafa, from fhe very beginning (adau), fo fhe end (anfe ca), as weII as wifhin fhe middIe (madhye ca), onIy Hari, fhe supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, is expIained." TEXT 2 sahsat paramparabnyam vca gayant manavam sarvc vcantan hIa sahsa aparc tcbnyan paramparaya sahsat-diiccily; paramparabnyam-sysicmaiically; vcan-ilc loui Vcdas; gayant-gloiily; manavam-Loid Madlava; sarvc-all; vcantan-ilc Vcdania- suiias; hIa-indccd; sahsat-diiccily; aparc tcbnyan-oilci Vcdic liiciaiuics; paramparaya-sysicmaiically. The four Vedas, Vedanfa-sufras, and suppIemenfary Vedic Iiferafures, aII direcfIy and sysfemaficaIIy gIorify fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, Lord Madhava. TEXT 3 hvact hvac avacyatvam ya vccsu vIohyatc hartsncna vacyam na bnavc t syat tatra sangatn anyatna tu ta arambnc vyartnan sya t mc matn hvact hvact-lcic and Tlcic; avacyatvam-indcsciibablcncss; yat-wlicl; vccsu-in ilc Vcdas; vIohyatc-is obscivcd; hartsncna-wiil complcicncss; vacyam-ablc io bc dcsciibcd; na-noi; bnavct-may bc; t-ilus; syat-is; tatra-ilcic; sangatn-ilc appiopiiaic inicipiciaiion; anyatna-oilciwisc; tu- indccd; tat-ilai; arambnc-cndcavoi; vyartnan-usclcss and illogical; syat-is; t-ilus; mc-my; matn-opinion. Af differenf pIaces in fhe Vedic Iiferafures fhe absoIufe frufh is said fo be indescribeabIe. This means fhaf His quaIifies are unIimifed and He cannof be adequafeIy described. If is my opinion fhaf any ofher inferprefafion of fhis is iIIogicaI and senseIess. TEXT + saba-pravrtt-nctunam jaty-ainam abnavatan branma-nrnarmaham vacyam navcty anur vpasctan saba-ol woids; pravrtt-cmploymcni; nctunam-ol ilc causcs; jat-ol biiil; ainam-and oilci ilings (qualiiics, aciiviiics, mancs, cic.); abnavatan-bccausc ol ilc non-cxisiancc; branma-ol ilc Supicmc; nrnarmham-wiiloui aiiiibuics; vacyam-dcsciipiion; na-noi; cva-cciiainly; t-ilus; anun-spcal; vpasctan-ilosc wlo undcisiand ilc Supicmc. They who undersfand fhe acfuaI nafure of spirif never say fhaf fhe supreme never fakes birfh, or fhaf He is devoid of quaIifies, pasfimes and names, which consfifufe fhe reaIm describabIe by words. fhose who are Iearned do nof say fhaf fhe Supreme cannof be described by words. TEXT 5 sarvan sabar avacyc tu Iahsana na bnavc atan Iahsyam ca na bnavc narma-- ninam branmct mc matam sarvan-by all; saban-woids; avacyc-noi dcsciibcablc; tu-indccd; Iahsana-claiacici; na-noi; bnavct-is; atan-ilcicloic; Iahsyam- claiaciciizcablc; ca-and; na-noi; bnavct-may bc; narma-ol aiiiibuics; ninam-dcvoid; branma-ilc Supicmc Absoluic; t-ilus; mc-my; matam- opinion. I do nof consider fhaf fhe AbsoIufe Trufh is wifhouf affribufes and fherefore beyond fhe descripfive power of words. Third Prameya TEXT 1 (a) atna vsva-saiyaivam. sva-saliya sisiavan visnui yailaiilam saiva-vij jagai iiy ulial saiyam cvaiiad vaiiagyaiilam asad-vacal aila-now; vsva-ol ilc maiciial woild; satyatvam-ilc icaliiy; sva-wwn; sahtya-by ilc poicncy; srstavan-cicaicd; vsnun-Loid Visnu; yatna-artnam- ical; sarva-vt-omniscicni; jagat-ilc maiciial woild; t-ilus; uhtcn-liom ilis siaicmcni; satyam-icaliiy; cva-cciiainly; ctat-ilis; varagya-artnam-loi ilc puiposc ol icnunciaiion; asat-vacan-ii is dcsciibcd as asai (icmpoiaiy) in ilc Vcdas. 3. The MaferiaI WorId is ReaI Because omniscienf Lord Visnu creafed fhis maferiaI worId wifh His own pofency,fherefore if is reaI. The word asaf used fo describe fhe maferiaI worId in fhe Vedas shouId be inferprefed fo mean femporary, nof unreaI. Describing fhe fhe femporaIify of fhis worId, fhe Vedas insfrucf us in fhe imporfance of renunciafion. TEXT 1 (b) tatna n svctasvataropansa ya chovarno banuna-saht-yoga varnan anchan nntartno anat tatna n-luiilcimoic; svctasvatara-upansa-in ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; yan-wlo; chan-onc wiiloui a sccond; avarnan-wiiloui any maiciial qualiiics; banuna-many; saht-ol poicncics; yogat-bccausc ol coniaci; varnan-dillcicni classcs ol luman bcings, dcmigods, and animals; anchan-many; nnta-artnan- dcsiiing io cicaic; anat-cicaicd. The Svefasvafara Upanisad (+.1) expIains: "The AbsoIufe Trufh, who is one wifhouf a second, and who possesses no maferiaI affribufes, desired fo manifesf fhe maferiaI worId, and creafed fhe differenf cIasses of human beings, animaIs and demigods." TEXT 1 (c) sri-vsnu-puranc ca chacsa-stntastagncr jyotsna vstarni yatna parasya branmanan sahts tatncam ahnIam jagat cha-csa-in onc placc; stntasya-siiuaicd; agncn-ol a liic; jyotsna-ilc cllulgcncc; vstarni-spcad; yatna-jusi as; parasya-ol ilc supicmc; branmanan-spiiii; sahtn-cncigy; tatna-in ilc samc way; am-ilis; ahnIam- cniiic; jagat-woild. The Visnu Purana expIains: "Whafever we see in fhis worId is simpIy an expansion of differenf energies of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, who is exacfIy Iike a fire which spreads iIIuminafion for a Iong disfance, aIfhough if is sifuafed in one pIace." TEXT 1 (d) isopansa sa paryagac cnuhram ahayam avranam asnavram sunam apapa-vnam havr manisi parbnun svayambnur yatnatatnyato rtnan vyaanac cnasvatibnyan samabnyan isopansa-in ilc sopanisad; san-ilai pcison; paryagat-musi lnow in laci; suhram-ilc omnipoicni; ahayam-uncmbodicd; avranam-wiiloui icpioacl; asnavram-wiiloui vcins; sunam-aniiscpiic; apapa-vnam-pioplylaciic; havn-omniscicni; manisi-plilosoplci; parbnun-ilc gicaicsi ol all; svayambnun-scll-sullicicni; yatnatatnyatan-jusi in puisuancc ol; artnan- dcsiiablcs; vyaanat-awaids; sasvatibnyan-immcmoiial; samabnyan-iimc. The Isopanisad expIains: "Such a person musf facfuaIIy know fhe greafesf of aII, who is unembodied, omniscienf, beyond reproach, wifhouf veins, pure and unconfaminafed, fhe seIf-sufficienf phiIosopher who has been fuIfiIIing everyone's desire since fime immemoriaI." TEXT 2 sri-vsnu-puranc ca ta cta ahsayam ntyam jagan mun-varahnIam avrbnava-trobnava janma-nasa-vhaIpavat sri-vsnu-puranc-in ilc Visnu Puiana; ca-and; tat-ilai; ctat-ilis; ahsayam-impciislablc; ntyam-cicinal; jagat-maiciial woild; mun-ol sagcs; vara-O bcsi; ahnIam-cniiic; avrbnava-manilcsiaiion; trobnava- dissapcaiancc; janma-biiil; nasa-dcsiiuciion; vhaIpavat-only ilc appcaiancc. The Visnu Purana expIains: "O besf of fhe sages, fhis enfire maferiaI worId is efernaI and imperishabIe. When if is manifesfed from fhe Supreme, if onIy appears fo have begun if's exisfence, and when if again enfers fhe Supreme, if onIy appears fo be desfroyed." TEXT 3 manabnaratc ca branma satyam tapan satyam satyam cava prajapatn satya bnutan jatan satyam bnutam ayam jagat manabnaratc-in ilc Malablaiaia; ca-and; branma-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; satyam-is ical; tapan-ausiciiiy; satyam-is ical; satyam-ical; ca- and; cva-cciiainly; prajapatn-lialma, ilc cicaioi ol ilc living bcings; satyat- liom ilc icaliiy; bnutan-ilc living cniiiics; jatan-aic boin; satyam-ical; bnutam-manilcsicd; ayam-ilis; jagat-maiciial woild. The Mahabharafa expIains: "The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, whose form efernaI, fuII of knowIedge and bIiss, is reaI. Ausferifies are reaI, and Lord Brahma is aIso reaI. Because fhe Iiving enfifies and fhe maferiaI worId have faken birfh from fhe supreme reaIify, fhey are aIso reaI." TEXT + atma va am ty aau vana-Iina-vnangavat sattvam vsvasya mantavyam ty uhtam vca-vcbnn atma-ilc Supicmc Absoluic; va-cciiainly; am-ilis; t-ilus; aau-in ilc bcginning; vana-in ilc loicsi; Iina-disappcaicd; vnangavat-lilc a biid; sattvam-icaliiy; vsvasya-ol ilc maiciial woild; mantavyam-slould bc considcicd; t-ilus; uhtam-spolcn; vca-ol ilc Vcdas; vcbnn-by ilc lnowcis. When fhe Vedas expIain fhaf in fhe beginning onIy fhe supreme exisfs, if may be undersfood fhaf af fhaf fime fhe maferiaI worId resfs wifhin fhe supreme in if's dormanf sfafe and remains invisibIe, jusf as a bird which has disappeared info a foresf. In fhis way fhe knowers of fhe Vedas asserf fhe reaIify of fhe maferiaI worId. Fourfh Prameya TEXT 1 (a) atna vsnuto jivanam bncan tatna n svctasvataran patnant va suparna sayuja sahnaya samanam vrhsam parsasvajatc tayor anyan pppaIam svav atty anasnann anyo bncahasit atna-now; vsnutan-liom Visnu; jivanam-ol ilc living cniiiics; bncan-ilc disiinciion; tatna n-luiilcimoic; svctasvataran-ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; patnant-icads; va-iwo; suparna-biids; sayuja-associaicd; sahnaya-liicnds; samanam-ilc samc; vrhsam-iicc; parsasvajatc-coniaciing; tayon-ol ilc iwo; anyan-ilc oilci; pppaIam-banyan liuii; svau-palaiablc; att-cais; anasnan- noi caiing; anyan-ilc oilci; abncahasit-obscivcs. +. The jvas (Iiving enfifies) are differenf from Lord Visnu: The Svefasvafara Upanisad (+.6-7) expIains: "Two birds reside in fhe mefaphoricaI banyan free of fhe maferiaI body. One of fhem is engaged in eafing fhe maferiaI happiness and disfress which is fhe fruif of fhaf free, whiIe fhe ofher does nof eaf, buf onIy wifnesses fhe acfions of his friend. The wifness is fhe Supreme Lord Visnu, and fhe fruif-eafer is fhe Iiving enfify. TEXT 1 (b) samanc vrhsc puruso nmagno ny anisaya socat munyamanan justam saa pasyaty anyam isam asya manmanam ct vita-sohan samanc-samc; vrhsc-on ilc iicc; purusan-pcison; nmagnan-cnicicd; n- cciiainly; anisaya-lclplcssly; socat-lamcnis; munyamanan-bcwildcicd; justam-lappy; saa-coniinually; pasyat-sccs; anyam-ilc oilci; isam-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; asya-ol Him; manmanam-ilc gloiics; ct- gocs; vita-licc liom; sohan-lamcniaiion. "AIfhough fhe fwo birds are on fhe same free, fhe eafing bird is fuIIy engrossed wifh anxiefy and moroseness as fhe enjoyer of fhe fruifs of fhe free. Buf if in some way or ofher he furns his face fo His friend who is fhe Lord and knows His gIories_af once fhe suffering bird becomes free from aII anxiefies." TEXT 2 brnat-samntayam upahramopasamnarav abnyaso purvata-pnaIam artna-vaopapatt ca Ingam tatparya-nrnayc t tatparya-Ingan sa yany anur manisnan bncc tan pratiyantc tcnasau tasya gocaran brnat-samntayam-in ilc lilai-samliia; upahrama-bcginning; upasamnarau-and cnd; abnyasan-icpciiiion; apurvata-pnaIam-noi lnown by ilc maiciial scnscs; artna-vaa-piaycis; upapatt-and logic; ca-and; Ingam- claiaciciisiic; tatparya-in dcicimining ilc mcaning; nrnayc-in ilc csiablislmcni; t--tnus, tatparya-ol a coiicci undcisianding; Ingan- claiaciciisiics; sat-six; yan-wlicl; anun-dcsciibc; manisnan-plilosoplcis; bncc-in dillcicncc;_tan-ilcy; pratiyantc-aic piovcd; tcna tcna-by ilai; asau-ilis iasya-ol ilai; gocaran-ilc licld ol pciccpiion. The Brhaf-samhifa expIains: "Learned phiIosophers have concIuded fhaf fhe correcf inferprefafion of fhe Vedic fexfs is defermined by undersfanding--ilcii bcginning and concluding siaicmcnis, wlai is icpcaicdly siaicd wiilin ilcm, cvidcncc picscnicd wiilin ilcm wlicl is bcyond ilc powci ol ilc limiicd maiciial scnscs io pciccivc, and ilc piaycis and logical aigumcnis picscnicd wiilin ilcm. A coiicci undcisianding ol ilcsc six clcmcnis lcads io a piopci inicipiciaiion ol ilc Vcdas. ly siudying in ilis way onc comcs io ilc coiicci inicipiciaiion--ilai ilc living cniiiics aic dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc." TEXT 3 (a) hm ca munahc yaa pasyan pasyatc ruhma-varnam hartaram isam purusam branma-yonm taa vvan punya-papc vnuya nranjanan paramam samyam upat hm ca-and luiilcimoic; munahc-in ilc Mundala Upanisad; taa-wlcn; pasyan-ilc scci; pasyatc-sccs; ruhma-ol gold; varnam-ilc coloi; hartaram- ilc supicmc acioi; isam-ol Godlcad; purusam-ilc Pcisonaliiy; branma-ol ilc Supicmc lialman; yonm-ilc souicc; taa-ilcn; vvan-ilc lcaincd dcvoicc; punya-pious dccds; papc-s wcll as sins; vnuya-laving clcanscd; nranjanan- licc liom maiciial coniaci; paramam-supicmc; samyam-cqualiiy; upat- aiiains. The Mundaka Upanisad (3.1.3) expIains: "One who sees fhaf goIden-coIored PersonaIify of Godhead, fhe Supreme Lord, fhe supreme acfor, who is fhe source of fhe Supreme Brahman, becomes free from fhe reacfions fo pasf pious and sinfuI deeds, and becomes Iiberafed, affaining fhe same franscendenfaI pIafform as fhe Lord." TEXT 3 (b) hatnahc ca yatnoaham sunc sunam ashtam targ cva bnavat cvam munc vjanata atma bnavat gautama hatnahc-in ilc Kaila Upanisad; ca-and; yatna-jusi as; uaham-waici; sunc-in ilc puic; sunam-puic; ashtam-casi; tarh-lilc ilai; cva- cciiainly; bnavat-bccomcs; cvam-in ilis way; munc-O sagc; vjanatan-ol onc siiuaicd in iiansccndcnial lnowlcdgc; atma-ilc supicmc spiiii; gautama-O Nacilcia. The Kafha Upanisad (2.1.15) expIains: "O Nacikefa, when a drop of pure wafer is fhrown info a reservoir of pure wafer, fhe drop does nof change if's nafure in any way. In fhe same way, fhe individuaI Iiving enfify, when sifuafed in franscendenfaI knowIedge, does nof change his nafure when he comes info confacf wifh fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, buf refains his individuaIify in aII respecfs." TEXT + (a) branmanam cho jvo sm nanyc jvo na ccsvaran ma-avya-haIptas tc syur tittnam ca ustam anyatna ntya ty a- sruty-artno nopapayatc branma-ilc Supicmc lialman; anam-I; chan-onc; jvan-living cniiiy; asm-am; na-noi; anyc-oilcis; jivan-living cniiiics; na-noi; ca-and; isvaran-Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; mat-ol mc; avya-by ignoiancc; haIptan-imagincd; tc-ilcy; syun-may comc inio cxisiancc; t-ilus; ttnam- in ilis say; ca-and; ustam-ilc polluicd conclusion; anyatna-oilciwisc; ntya- t-a-bcginning wiil ilc woid niiya; srut-ol ilc Vcdas; artna-ilc mcaning; na-noi; upapayatc-may bc inicipicicd. The impersonaIisf foIIowers of Sankaracarya procIaim: "I, fhe Iiving enfify, am fhe onIy supreme, and ofher Iiving enfifies, as weII as fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, do nof acfuaIIy exisf, buf are onIy imagined in fhe mind when fhere is ignorance of my acfuaI nafure." This is fheir poIIufed concIusion. The foIIowing Vedic quofafion, beginning wifh fhe word nifya, presenfs fhe acfuaI frufh. If is sfafed so cIearIy fhaf fhe impersonaIisfs cannof fwisf a differenf meaning from if. TEXT + (b) tatna n hatnan patnant ntyo ntyanam cctanas cctananam cho banunam yo vanat haman tam atmastnam yc nupasyant niras tcsam santn sasvati nctarcsam tatna n-luiilcimoic; n-cciiainly; hatnan-ilc Kaila Upanisad; patnant- icads; ntyan-a singlc cicinal; ntyanam-among ilc many cicinals; cctanan-a singlc conscious bcing; cctananam-among many conscious bcings; chan-onc; banunam-ol ilc many; yan-wlo; vanat-gianis; haman-ilc dcsiics; tam- Him; atmastnam-siiuaicd wiilin ilc lcaii; yc-ilosc wlo; anupasyant-scc; niran-sainily pcisons; tcsam-ol ilcm; santn-pcacc; sasvati-cicinal; na-noi; tarcsam-ol oilcis. The Kafha Upanisad (2.2.13) expIains: "Of aII efernaIs, fhere is one who is fhe chief efernaI. Of aII conscious Iiving enfifies, fhere is one who is fhe chief conscious enfify. Thaf supreme Iiving enfify, fhe PersonaIify of Godhead, mainfains fhe ofhers, and fuIfiIIs fheir desires according fo fheir merifs. OnIy sainfIy persons, who can see, wifhin and wifhouf, fhe same Supreme Lord, can acfuaIIy affain fo perfecf and efernaI peace." TEXT 5 chasma isvaran ntyac cctanat tarsa mtnan bnyantc banavo jivas tcna bncan sanatanan chasmat-onc; isvarat-supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; ntyat-cicinal; cctanat-conscious; tarsan-lilc ilis; mtnan-muiually; bnyantc-aic disiinci cniiiics; banavan-ilc many; jivan-individual souls; tcna-by ilis; bncan- disiinciion; sanatanan-cicinal. This verse sfafes fhaf bofh fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead and fhe individuaI Ioving enfifies are efernaI and conscious. By affirming fhe efernaIify of bofh fhe one and fhe many, fhe disfincfion befween fhem is described as efernaI. Notc. SriIa Pnahtsnanta Sarasvati 1nahura rcmarhs n tns connccton tnat tnc mpcrsonaIsts may objcct tnat tnc stncton bctvccn tnc Ivng cntty ,jiva) an tnc Suprcmc ,isvara) s not an ctcrnaI stncton. 1o support tncr vcv tncy may quotc many vcrscs jrom tnc Lpansas, sucn as sarvam hnaIv am branma ,cvcrytnng s branman), an tat tvam as svctahcto ,O Svctahctu, you arc tnat). SriIa PaIacva Vyabnusana rcpIcs to tncr objcctons n tnc joIIovng vay. TEXT 6 (a) pranahanina-vrtttva ragacn pranata yatna tatna branmanina-vrttcr jagato branmatocyatc prana-lilc loicc; cha-cxclusivcly dcpcndcni; vrtttvat-bccausc ol ilc naiuic; raga-adcl-ol ilc scnscs; pranata-ilc lilc loicc; yatna-jusi as; tatna-in ilc samc way; branma-ilc supicmc; anina-vrttcn-complcicly dcpcndcni; jagatan- liom ilc maiciial univcisc; branma-ilc disiinci Supicmc; ucyatc-is dcsciibcd. ]usf as fhe Iife-force is differenf from fhe senses of fhe maferiaI body which are compIefeIy dependenf upon if, in fhe same way fhe Supreme Lord is disfincf from fhe maferiaI worId which is compIefeIy dependenf upon Him. TEXT 6 (b) tatna n cnanogyc patnyatc na va vaco na cahsums na srotran na manamsity acahsatc. prana ty acahsatc. prano ny cvatan sarvan bnavat. t. tatna n-moicovci; cnanogyc-in ilc Clandogya Upanisad; patnyatc-ii is icad; na-noi; va-cciiainly; vacan-woids; na-noi; cahsums-cycs; na-noi; srotran-cais; na-noi; manams-minds; t-ilus; acahsatc-namcs; pranan- ilc lilc-loicc; t-ilus; acahsatc-lc namcs; pranan-ilc lilc-loicc; n-indccd; cva-cciiainly; ctan-ilcm; sarvan-all; bnavat-is; t--tnus. !hc Chandogya Upansad (5.1.15) cxpIans n ths connccton: "!hc d[[crcnt scnscs, such as thc vocc, scnsc o[ sght, scnsc o[ hcarng, and thc mnd, arc aII hnown as thc I[c-[orcc, but thc actuaI I[c-[orcc s d[[crcnt [rom aII thcsc scnscs, whch arc dcpcndcnt upon t. !hcy arc namcd a[tcr thc I[c-[orcc, aIthough t s actuaIIy d[[crcnt [rom thcm." Noic: Sila llaliisiddlania Saiasvaii Tlaluia cxplains in ilis conncciion ilai ilc mayavads may aiguc ilai ilc Vcdas say: "saivam llalv idam bialma (cvciyiling is bialman)" and "iai ivam asi svcialcio (O Svcialciu, you aic ilai)", and ilcicloic ilc only iling in cxisiancc is impcisonal bialman, and cvciyiling clsc is an illusion. To counici ilis aigumcni, laladcva Vidyablusana quoics ilis vcisc liom ilc Clandogya Upanisad, wlcic ilcic is an cxplanaiion ol low cvciyiling is bialman. Tlc vaiious scnscs aic dcpcndcni upon ilc lilc-loicc, and ilcicloic, ilcy aic collcciivcly lnown as ilc lilc-loicc, alilougl ilc aciual lilc- loicc is dillcicni liom ilcm. In ilis way ilc scnscs aic dcsignaicd as ilc lilc-loicc bccausc ilcy aic manilcsicd liom ilc lilc-loicc, alilougl ilcy aic aciually dillcicni liom ii. In ilc samc way, ilc individual living cniiiics lavc cmanaicd liom ilc Supicmc lialman, and ilcy aic ilcicloic dcsignaicd lialman io slow ilcii souicc ol oiigin, alilougl ilcy aic aciually dillcicni liom ilc Supicmc lialman. TEXT 7 branma-vyapyatvatan hascj jaga branmct manyatc. ya uhtam sri-vsnu-puranc yo yam tavagato cva samipam cvata-ganan satyam cva jagat-srasta yatan sarvagato bnavan branma-by ilc Absoluic Tiuil; vyapyatvatan-bccausc ol bcing picscni cvciywlcic; hasct-by somc; jagat-ilc maiciial univcisc; branma-idcniical wiil ilc Supicmc; manyatc-is considcicd; yat-wlicl uliam-spolcn; sri-vsnu- puranc-in ilc Visnu Puiana; yan-wlo; ayam-ilis; tava-io You; agatan- appioaclcd; cva-O Loid; samipam-ncai; cvata-ol dcmigods; ganan-ilc losi; satyam-ilc cicinally ical Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; cva-cciiainly; jagat-ol ilc maiciial woild; srasta-ilc cicaioi; yatan-bccausc; sarvagatan-all- pcivading; bnavan-You. Some mainfain fhaf because fhe Supreme is aII-pervading, fhe maferiaI universe musf be idenficaI wifh Him. The Visnu Purana dispeIs fhis misconcepfion: "O Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, aIfhough You have creafed fhis maferiaI universe, and aIfhough You are everywhere presenf wifhin if, You are neverfheIess efernaIIy disfincf from if." TEXT 8 pratbmba-parccnca- pahsau yau svi-hrtau paran vbnutvavsayatvabnyam tau vvabnr nrahrtau pratbmba-a icllccicd manilcsiaiion; parccnca-a dillcicni manilcsiaiion; pahsau-ilc iwo paiiics; yau-wlicl; svi-hrtau-acccpicd; paran-by oilcis; vbnutva-bccausc ol all-pcivasivcncss; avsayatvabnyam-bccausc ol bcing bcyond ilc icacl ol ilc maiciial scnscs; tau-ilcy; vvabnn-by ilosc wlo lnow ilc iiuil; nrahrtau-noi acccpicd. Some mainfain fhaf fhe universe is idenficaI wifh fhe Supreme because fhe universe is fhe Supreme's refIecfed image, and ofhers say fhaf fhey are idenficaI because fhe Supreme has divided HimseIf info fhe various pieces fhaf consfifufe fhe universe. Those who are wise do nof accepf fhese fauIfy argumenfs, because fhey know fhaf fhe Supreme is simuIfaneousIy aII-pervading and beyond fhe reach of fhe maferiaI senses. Noic: Sila llaliisiddlania Saiasvai Tlaluia cxplains ilc dclcci in ilc aigumcnis ol ilcsc iwo gioups ol mayavads. Tlc liisi gioup ol mayavads say ilai jusi as ilc sun oi moon may bc icllccicd in vaiious pois oi icscivoiis ol waici, in ilc samc way, ilc Supicmc icllccis Himscll--ilc icllcciions bcing ilc individual living cniiiics. Tlis vicw cannoi bc mainiaincd bccausc ilc Supicmc is, by His vciy naiuic, all-pcivading. Somciling all-pcivading cannoi bc icllccicd anywlcic, jusi as ilc all-pcivading dimcnsion ol spacc, upon wlicl all ilc maiciial clcmcnis icsi, cannoi bc icllccicd anywlcic. Tlc opinion ol ilc sccond camp ol mayavads is ilai ilc Supicmc las cui Himscll inio many liiilc picccs wlicl aic ilc individual living cniiiics and ilc maiciial clcmcnis. Tlis vicw cannoi bc lcld bccausc ilc Supicmc is avisaya-- spiiiiual, bcyond ilc icacl ol ilc maiciial scnscs. lccausc ilc Supicmc is spiiiiual, impciislablc, and wiiloui clangc, Hc cannoi bc cui inio many picccs as ilc mayavads say. TEXT 9 avatam branmano bnnnam bnnnam va tvayocyatc ayc vatapattr antc sna-sananata srutcn avatam-ilc Supicmc lialman, wlo is onc wiiloui a sccond; branmanan- liom ilc lialman; bnnnam-dillcicni; abnnnam-noi dillcicni; va-oi; tvaya- by you; ucyatc-spolcn; ayc-in ilc bcginning; vata-ol dillcicncc; apattn- aiiainmcni; antc-in ilc cnd; sna-pcilcciion; sananata-aiiainmcni; srutcn- liom ilc Vcdas. O Mayavads, you insisf fhaf fhe individuaI Iiving enfifies and fhe Supreme are idenficaI, even fhough fhis view confradicfs aII fhe descripfions found in fhe Vedic fexfs. TEXT 10 aIiham nrgunam branma pramanavsayatvatan srancyam vusam navcty ucrc tattva-vanan aIiham-uniiuc; nrgunam-wiiloui aiiiibuics; branma-Supicmc; pramana- ol cvidcncc; avsayatvatan-bccausc ol ilc non-pciccpiion; srana-laiil; yam- ilis; vusam-ol ilosc wlo aic iniclligcni and lcaincd in ilc spiiiiual scicncc; na-noi; cva-cciiainly; t-ilus; ucrc-said; tattva-ol ilc iiuil; vanan-ilc lnowcis. There is no evidence fo supporf fhe erroneous concepfion fhaf fhe Supreme is an amorphous mass wifhouf any quaIifies. Those who know fhe frufh decIare fhaf fhose Iearned in fhe spirifuaI science never accepf such a concIusion. Noic: In ilis conncciion, Sila llaliisiddlaania Saiasvai Tlaluia commcnis ilai ilc ilicc souiccs ol cvidcncc--diicci pciccpiion, logic, and sciipiuial icvclaiion--icll us ilai alilougl ilc Supicmc is dcvoid ol maiciial qualiiics, Hc posscsscs innumciablc spiiiiual qualiiics. Tlai ilc Supicmc posscsscs spiiiiual qualiiics (blagavan) in ilc uliimaic issuc is dcsciibcd in ilc Simad-llagavaiam (1.2.11): vaant tat tattva-vas tattvam yaj jnanam avayam branmct paramatmct bnagavan t sabyatc "Lcaincd iiansccndcnialisis wlo lnow ilc Absoluic Tiuil call ilis non-dual subsiancc lialman, Paiamaima oi llagavaan (lull ol all opulcnccs)." Fiffh Prameya TEXT 1 atna jivanam bnagava-asatvam tatna n svctasvataran patnant tam isvaranam paramam mancsvaram tam avtanam paramam ca avatam patm patinam paramam parastat vama cvam bnuvancsam iyam atna-now; jivanam-ol ilc individual living cniiiics; bnagavat-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; asatvam-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc scivanis; tatna n-luiilcimoic; svctasvataran-ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; patnant-icads; tam-Him; isvaram-coniiollci; tam-Him; avatanam-ol all ilc dcmigods; paramam-supicmc; ca-and; avatam-woislippablc dciiy; patm-ilc diiccioi; patinam-ol all diicciois; paramam-gicaici; parastat-ilan ilc gicaicsi; vama- wc undcisiand; cvam-ilc Supicmc Loid; bnuvana-ol ilc cniiic woild; isam- ilc masici; iyam-woislipablc. 5. The jvas (Iiving enfifies) are by nafure fhe servanfs of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead: The Svefasvafara Upanisad (6.7) expIains: "The Supreme Lord is fhe confroIIer of aII ofher confroIIers, and He is fhe greafesf of aII fhe diverse pIanefary Ieaders. Everyone is under His confroI. AII enfifies are deIegafed wifh parficuIar power onIy by fhe Supreme Lord; fhey are nof supreme fhemseIves. He is aIso worshipabIe by aII demigods, and is fhe supreme direcfor of aII direcfors. Therefore, He is franscendenfaI fo aII kinds of maferiaI Ieaders and confroIIers and is worshipabIe by aII. There is no one greafer fhan Him, and He is fhe supreme cause of aII causes." TEXT 2 (a) smrts ca branma sambnus tatnavarhas canramas ca satahratun cvam ayas tatnavanyc yuhta vasnava-tcjasa smrtn-ilc Smiii-sasiia; ca-and; branma-lialma; sambnun-Siva; tatna-in ilc samc way; cva-cciiainly; arhan-Suiya; canraman-Candia; satahratun- India; cvam-in ilis way; ayan--bcgnnng vtn, tatna-in ilc samc way; anyc- oilcis; yuhtan-cngagcd; vasnava-ol Loid Visnu; tcjasa-by ilc piowcss. The Smrfi-sasfra decIares: "Brahma, Siva, Surya, Candra, Indra, and aII fhe ofher demigods are appoinfed fo fheir posfs by Lord Visnu and given exfraordinary powers by Him. They areaII fhe servanfs of Lord Visnu." TEXT 2 (b) sa-branmahan sa-ruras ca scnra cva manarsbnn arcayant sura-srcstnam cvam narayanam narm sa-branmahan-wiil many lialmas; sa-ruran-wiil many Sivas; ca-and; sa- nran-wiil many Indias; cvan-dcmigods; mana-rsbnn-wiil ilc gicai sagcs; arcayant-woislip; sura-ol all ilc dcmigods; srcstnam-ilc bcsi; cvam-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; narayanam-lnown as Naiayana; narm-and Haii. The Sasfras expIain: "InnumerabIe Brahmas, Sivas, Indras, sages and demigods, aII worship fhe Supreme Lord Narayana, fhe besf of fhe demigods." TEXT 2 (c) pamc ca, jiva-Iahsanc asa-bnuto narcr cva nanyasyava haacana pamc-in ilc Padma Puiana; jiva-ol ilc living cniiiics; Iahsanc-in ilc dcsciipiion; asa-bnutan-a scivani; narcn-ol Loid Haii; cva-cciiainly; na-noi; anyasya-ol anyonc clsc; haacana-ai any iimc. The Padma Purana describes fhe nafure of fhe jva (individuaI Iiving enfify) in fhe foIIowing way: "By nafure fhe Iiving enfify is efernaIIy fhe servanf of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, Lord Hari. He is never fhe servanf of Brahma, Siva, or anyone eIse." Sixfh Prameya TEXT 1 atna jivanam taratamyam anu-catanya-rupatva- jnantvaya-vscsatan samyc saty ap jivanam taratamyam ca sananat atna-now; jivanam-ol ilc living cniiiics; taratamyam-giadaiions ol impoiiancc; anu-minuic; catanya-consciousncss; rupatva-posscssing; jnantva-ilc siaic ol posscssing lnowlcdgc; aya-gcginning wiil; vscsatan- paiiiculaily; samyc-cqualiiy; sat-bcing so; ap-alilougl; jivanam-ol ilc living cniiiics; taratamyam-giadaiion; ca-and; sananat-bccausc ol aciiviiics, oi bccausc ol advanccmcni in dcvoiional scivicc. 6. In bofh condifioned and Iiberafed sfafes, fhe jvas are sifuafed in higher and Iower sfafuses. AIfhough aII Iiving enfifies are equaIIy conscious and fuII of knowIedge, according fo fhe smaII capacify of an individuaI souI, fhey neverfheIess manifesf fhaf originaI spirifuaI nafure in varying degrees. The exfenf fo which fhaf originaI nafure is uncovered is defermined by fheir purify and devofion fo fhe Supreme Lord. TEXT 2 (a) tatranuhtam uhtam svctasvatarann baIagra-sata-bnagasya satana haIptasya ca bnago jivan sa vjncyan sa canantyaya haIpatc tatra-ilcic; anuhtam-noi dcsciibcd; uhtam-dcsciibcd; svctasvataran-in ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; baIa-agra-ilc iip ol a laii; sata-bnagasya-ol onc lundicil; satana-inio onc lundicd paiis; haIptasya-dividcd; ca-and; bnagan-minuic poiiion; jivan-ilc living cniiiy; san-ilai; vjncyan-io bc undcisiood; san-ilai; ca-and; anantaya-loi ilc unlimiicd; haIpatc-woiily. The Svefasvafara Upanisad (5.9) describes fhe individuaI spirif souI: "When fhe upper poinf of a hair is divided info one hundred parfs and again each of such parfs is furfher divided info one hundred parfs, each such parf is fhe measuremenf of fhe dimension of fhe spirif-souI." TEXT 2(b) catanya-rupatvam jnantvaham ca sat-prasnyam csa n rasta sprasta srota gnrata rasayta manta bona harta vjnanatma purusan. t. catanya-rupatvam-siaic ol bcing conscious; jnantva-siaic ol posscssing lnowlcdgc; aham-bcginning wiil; ca-and; sat-six; prasnyam-in ilc Piasna Upanisad; csan-lc; n-indccd; rasta-ilc scci; sprasta--tnc onc vno toucncs, srota-ilc lcaici; gnrata-ilc onc wlo smclls; rasayta-ilc onc wlo iasics; manta-ilc onc wlo ilinls; bona-ilc onc wlo undcisiands; harta-ilc doci; vjnana-lull ol lnowlcdgc; atma-soul; purusan-pcison; t-ilus. The Prasna Upanisad (+.9) expIains fhe souI's consciousness, knowIedge and and ofher quaIifies: "If is fhe individuaI souI who perceives fhe acfivifies of fhe senses. If is he who sees, fouches, hears, smeIIs, fasfes, fhinks, and undersfands." TEXT 3 (a) ana guncna cna-vyaptvam ca. sri-gitasu yatna prahasayaty chan hrtsnam Ioham mam ravn hsctram hsctri tatna hrtsnam prahasayat bnarata ana-bcginning wiil; guncna-qualiiics; cna-in ilc body; vyaptvam- omnipicscncc; ca-and; gitasu-in llagavad-gia; yatna-as; prahasayat- illuminaics; chan-onc; hrtsnam-ilc wlolc; ham-univcisc; mam-ilis; ravn- ilc sun; hsctra-ilis body; hsctri-ilc soul; tatna-similaily; hrtsnam-all pialasayaii-illuminaics; bnarata-son ol llaiaia. The souI pervades fhe maferiaI body, as Bhagavad-gfa (13.3+) expIains: "O son of Bharafa, as fhe sun aIone iIIuminafes aII fhis universe, so does fhe Iiving enfify, one wifhin fhe body, iIIuminafe fhe enfire body wifh consciousness." TEXT 3 (b) ana cava sutraharan guna baIarohava t. guna-ntyatvam uhtam vajasancybnn avnasi va arc ayam atmanucntt-narma. t. ana-said; ca-and cva-cciiainly; sutraharan-ilc auiloi ol Vcdania-suiia; gunat-by spiiiiual qualiiics; baIa-ncwly iiscn; arha-sun; vat-lilc; t-ilus; guna-ol ilc qualiiics; ntyatvam-cicinaliiy; uhtam-dcsciibcd; vajasancybnn- iy Yajnavallya; avnasi-wiiloui dcsiiuciion; va-oi; arc-Ol; ayam-ilis; atma-soul; anuccntt-narma-cannoi bc cui. The aufhor of Vedanfa-sufra expIains (2.3.1+): "]usf as fhe newIy risen sun remains in one pIace and yef fiIIs fhe enfire sky wifh Iighf, in fhe same way fhe individuaI souI, aIfhough remaining in one pIace, pervades fhe enfire body by consciousness." YajnavaIkya Muni (in fhe Brhad-aranyaka Upanisad, +.5.1+) describes fhe efernaIify of fhe souI: "O Maifreyi, fhe souI is imperishabIe, and can never be cuf or changed." TEXT + (a) cvam samyc p vasamyam anham harmabnn spnutam pranan paratrham tat tu bnaht-bncan su-hovan cvam-in ilis way; samyc-in cqualiiy; ap-alilougl; vasamyam-incqualiiy; anham-in ilis woild; harmabnn-by aciiviiics; spnutam-manilcsicd; pranun- dcsciibc; paratrham-ilc spiiiiual woild; tat-ilai; tu-and; bnaht-ol dcvoiion; bncan-by disiinciions; su-hovan-ilosc lcaincd in ilc spiiiiual scicncc. They who are Iearned in fhe spirifuaI science say fhaf aIfhough in one sense aII individuaI souIs are equaI, fhey manifesf differenf acfivifies in fhe maferiaI worId, and even in fhe spieifuaI worId, fhey possess differenf degrees of pure devofion for fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead. TEXT + (b) tatna n hautnuman patnant yatna-hratur asmI Iohc puruso bnavat tatnctan prctya bnavat. t. smrts ca yarsi bnavana samyc snr bnavat tarsi. t. tatna n-moicovci; hautnuman-ilc Kauilumya icccnsion ol ilc Vcdas; patnant-icad; yatna-accoiding io; hratun-saciilicc; asmn-inilis; Iohc- woild; purusan-a pcison; bnavat-bccomcs; tatna-in ilc samc way; tan-liom ilai; prctya-in ilc ncxi woild; bnavat-bccomcs; t-ilus; smrtn-in ilc Smiii- sasiia; yarsi-in wlaicvci cxicni; bnavana-dcvoiional mcdiiaiion; samyc-in cqualiiy; snn-pcilcciion; bnavat-bccomcs; tarsi-lilc ilai; t-ilus. The foIIowing expIanafion is found in fhe Kaufhumya recension of fhe Vedas: "The degree fo which one engages in devofionaI acfivifies in fhis worId defermines his sfafus in fhe nexf worId." The Smrfi-sasfra aIso confirms: "The exfenf fo which one is devofed fo fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead defermines fhe degree of his spirifuaI perfecfion." TEXT + (c) santy-aya rat-paryanta yc bnavan panca hirttan tar cvam smaratam pumsam taratamyam mtno matam sant-ilc ncuiial-iasa; aya-giginning wiil; rat-ilc madluiya-iasa; paryanta-culminaiing in; yc-ilosc; bnavan-mcllows ol loving cxclangc; panca-livc; hirttan-aic dcsciibcd; tan-by ilcm; cvam-onc wlould icmcmbci; pumsam-ol ilc living cniiiics; taratamyam-giadaiion; mtnan- muiual; matam-aic considcicd. NeufraIify, serviforship, friendship, parenfhood, and conjugaI Iove are described as fhe five meIIows of Ioving exchange wifh fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead. Those who medifafe upon fhe Lord in fhese differenf meIIows affain fhe appropriafe differenf desfinafions. In fhis way, fhe Iiving enfifies possess differenf gradafions of good-forfune. Sevenfh Prameya TEXT 1 (a) atna sri-hrsna-praptcr mohsatvam. yatna jnatva cvam sarva-pasapananr ty a. cho vasi sarvagan hrsna iya ty a ca. atna-now; sri-hrsna-ol Loid Kisna; praptcn-ol ilc aiiainmcni; mohsatvam- ilc siaic ol libciaiion; yatna-jusi as; jnatva-laving undcisiood; cvam-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; sarva-all; pasa-ilc iopcs ol cnianglcmcni in maiciial cxisicncc; apanann-dcsiioycd; t-ilus; a-cic. (Tlc cniiic vcisc icads jnatva cvam sarva-pasapanann, hsinan hIcsar janma-mrtyu-pranann tasyabnnyanat trtiyam cna-bncc, vsvasvaryam hcvaIa); apta-haman, chan-onc; vasi-all powcilul; sarvagan-all-pciavding; hrsnan-Loid Kisna; iyan- supicmcly woislipablc; t-ilus; a-cic. (Tlc cniiic vcisc icads cho vasi sarvagan hrsna iya cho p san banuna yo vbnat tam pitnastnam yc nubnajant iras tcsam suhnam sasvatam nctarcsam). 7. Liberafion does nof mean an impersonaI merging, buf fhe affainmenf of direcf associafion wifh Lord Krsna: The Svefasvafara Upanisad (1.1+) expIains: "By undersfanding fhe frufh of fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead from a bona-fide spirifuaI masfer, one becomes free from fhe enfangIing ropes of idenfificafion wifh fhe maferiaI body, as weII as fhe various miseries and fhe frap of repeafed birfh and deafh which spring from fhaf faIse-idenfificafion. By consfanfIy medifafing on fhe Supreme Lord, he becomes free from fhe subfIe maferiaI body of mind, infeIIigence and faIse-ego. He affains fhe form of an efernaIIy Iiberafed associafe of fhe Supreme Lord in fhe spirifuaI worId, and aII his desires become fuIfiIIed." The GopaIa-fapan Upanisad (1.21) aIso expIains: "Lord Krsna is fhe aII- powerfuI, aII-pervading Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, and He is fhe objecf of fhe prayers and worship of fhe demigods. InfeIIigenf persons worship Him as He resides in His own spirifuaI abode. They fhus affain fhe efernaI franscendenfaI bIiss which is nof avaiIabIe for ofhers." TEXT 1 (b) banuna banubnr vcsar bnat hrsnan svayam prabnun tam stva tat-pac ntyc suhnam tstnant mohsnan banuna-in many ways; banubnn-wiil many; vcsan-loims; bnat-is manilcsicd; hrsnan-Kisna; svayam-pcisonally; prabnun-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; tam-Him; stva-laving woislippcd; tat-His; pac-in ilc spiiiiual abodc; ntyc-cicinal; suhnam-bliss; tstnant-siiuaicd; mohsnan- libciaicd. The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is manifesfed in many forms--buf His originaI form is Lord Krsna. Those who worship fhaf originaI form of Lord Krsna become Iiberafed from fhis maferiaI worId, and affain franscendenfaI bIiss in fhe Lord's efernaI abode. Eighfh Prameya TEXT 1 (a) atnahanta-bnahtcr mohsa-nctutvam yatna sri-gopaIa-tapanyam bnahtr asya bnajanam ta na-mutropan-narasycnamusmn manan-haIpanam cta cva nasharmyam. atna-now; cha-anta-unalloycd; bnahtcn-ol dcvoiional scivicc; mohsa-ol libciaiion; nctutvam-ilc siaic ol bcing ilc causc; yatna-jusi as; sri-gopaIa- tapanyam-in ilc Gopala-iapan Upanisad; bnahtn-dcvoiional scivicc; asya-ol Him; bnajanam- vorsnp, tat-ilai; na-in ilis woild; mutra-in ilc ncxi woild; upan-dcsignaiions; narasycna-icnunciaiion; amusmn-among us; manan-ol ilc mind; haIpanam-mcdiiaiion; ctat-ilai; cva-cciiainly; nasharmyam- liccdom liom ilc bonds ol laima. 8. Pure devofionaI service granfs Iiberafion: The GopaIa-fapan Upanisad (1.15) expIains: "DevofionaI service means worship and medifafion direcfed fo fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead. Such devofionaI service frees one from fhe desire for sense-grafificafion bofh in fhis Iife and fhe nexf, and breaks fhe bonds of karma." TEXT 1 (b) naraa-pancaratrc ca sarvopan-vnrmuhtam tat-paratvcna nrmaIam nrsihcna nrsihcsa- scvanam bnahtr ucyatc naraa-pancaratrc--in ilc Naiada-pancaiaiia; ca-and; sarva-upan- vnrmuhtam-licc liom all linds ol maiciial dcsignaiions, oi licc liom all dcsiics cxccpi ilc dcsiic io icndci scivicc io ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; tat- paratvcna-by ilc solc puiposc ol sciving ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. niimalam-unconiaminaicd by ilc cllccis ol spcculaiivc plilosoplical icscaicl oi liuiiivc aciiviiy; nrsihcna-by puiilicd scnscs liccd liom all dcsignaiions; nrsihcsa-ol ilc masici ol ilc scnscs; scvanam-ilc scivicc io saiisly ilc scnscs; bnahtn-dcvoiional scivicc; ucyatc-is callcd. The Narada-pacarafra aIso expIains: "Bhakfi, or devofionaI service, means engaging aII our senses in fhe service of fhe Lord, fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, fhe masfer of aII fhe senses. When fhe spirif souI renders service unfo fhe Supreme, fhere are fwo side effecfs. One is freed from aII maferiaI designafions, and, simpIy by being empIoyed in fhe service of fhe Lord, one's senses are purified." TEXT 2 (a) navana casa bnavat. ya-uhtam sri-bnagavatc sravanam hirtanam vsnon smaranam paa-scvanam arcanam vananam asyam sahnyam atma-nvcanam t pumsarpta vsnau bnahts ccn nava-Iahsana hrycta bnagavaty ana tan manyc nitam uttamam navana-ninc-lold; ca-and; csa--tns, bnavat-is; yat-wlicl; uhtam- spolcn; sri-blagavaic-in ilc Simad-llaagavaiam; sri-pranraan uvaca- Piallada Malaiaja said; sravanam-lcaiing; hirtanam-claniing; vsnon-o Loid Visnu (noi anyonc clsc); smaranam-icmcmbciing; paa-scvanam-sciving ilc lcci; arcanam-ollciing wcislip (wiil sodasopacaia, ilc sixiccn linds ol paiaplcinalia); vananam-ollciing piaycis; asyam-bccoming ilc scivani; sahnyam-bccoming ilc bcsi liicnd; atma-nvcanam-suiicndciing cvciyiling, wlaicvci onc las; t-ilus; pumsa arpta-ollcicd by ilc dcvoicc; vsnau-unoi Loid Visnu (noi io anyonc clsc); bnahtn-dcvoiional scivicc; cct-il; nava- Iahsana-posscssing ninc dillcicni picccsscs; hrycta-onc slould pciloim; bnagavat-unio ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy olGodlcad; ana-diiccily oi complcicly; tat-ilai; manyc-I considci; anitam-lcaining; uttamam-iopmosi. The Lord's devofionaI service consisfs of nine parfs, as fhe Srmad- Bhagavafam (7.5.23-2+) expIains: "Hearing and chanfing abouf fhe franscendenfaI hoIy name, form, quaIifies, paraphernaIia and pasfimes of Lord Visnu, remembering fhem, serving fhe Iofus feef of fhe Lord, offering fhe Lord respecffuI worship wifh sixfeen fypes of paraphernaIia, offering prayers fo fhe Lord, becoming His servanf, considering fhe Lord one's besf friend, and surrendering everyfhing unfo Him (in ofher words, serving Him wifh fhe body, mind and words) - fhese nine processes are accepfed as pure devofionaI service. One who has dedicafed his Iife fo fhe service of Krsna fhrough fhese nine mefhods shouId be undersfood fo be fhe mosf Iearned person, for he has acquired compIefe knowIedge." TEXT 2 (b) sat-scva guru-scva ca cva-bnavcna cc bnavct aasa bnagava-bnahtr Iabnyatc nanyatna hvact sat-ol ilc dcvoiccs; scva-scividc; guru-ol ilc spiiiiual masici; scva- scivicc; ca-and; cva-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; bnavcna-wiil mcdiiaiion; cct-il; bnavct-may bc; taa-ilcn; csa-ilis; bnagavat-ol ilc Supicmc Loid; bnahtn-dcvoiional scivicc; Iabnyatc-is aiiaincd; na-noi; anyatna-oilciwisc; hvact-undci any ciicumsiancc. If one engages in fhe service of fhe devofees and fhe spirifuaI masfer, considering fhem equaI fo fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, fhen he may affain fhe devofionaI service of fhe Lord. There is no ofher way in which fhis service may be obfained. TEXT 3 (a) cva-bnavcna sat-scva. yatna tattriyahc attn-cvo bnava. t. cva-as ilc Supicmc Loid; bnavcna-wiil ilc conccpiion; sat-ol ilc dcvoiccs; scva-scivicc; yatna-jusi as; tattriyahc-in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad; attn-as a gucsi; cvan-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; bnava-plcasc bccomc; t-ilus. Thaf one shouId serve fhe devofees, considering fhem equaI fo fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead HimseIf, is described in fhe Taiffirya Upanisad (1.10): "One shouId serve devofee in fhe same way as one serves fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead HimseIf." TEXT 3 (b) taya ta-bnahtr yatna sri-bnagavatc nasam mats tava uruhramangnrm sprsaty anartnapagamo ya-artnan maniyasam paa-rajo- bnscham nshncananam na vrnita yavat taya-by ilis; tat-bnahtn-ilis dcvoiional scivicc io Him; yatna-as; sri- bnagavatc_n Srima-Pnagavatam, na-noi; csam-ol ilcsc; matn-ilc consciousncss; tavat-ilai long; uruhrama-angnrm-ilc liius lcci ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, wlo is lamous loi pciloiming uncommon aciiviiics; sprsat-docs ioucl; anrtna-ol unwanicd ilings; apagaman-ilc disappcaiancc; yat-ol wlicl; artnan- ilc puiposc; maniyasam-ol ilc gicai sous (ilc malaimas, oi dcvoiccs); paa-rajan-by ilc dusi ol ilc liius lcci; abnscham- conscciaiion; nshncananam-ol dcvoiccs wlo lavc noiling io do wiil ilis maiciial woild; na-noi; vrnita-may acccpi; yavat-as long as. The Srmad-Bhagavafam (7.5.32) confirms fhaf fhis is fhe onIy way fo affain fhe Lord's devofionaI service: "UnIess fhey smear upon fheir bodies fhe dusf of fhe Iofus feef of a Vaisnava compIefeIy freed from maferiaI confaminafion, persons very much incIined foward maferiaIisfic Iife cannof be affached fo fhe Iofus feef of fhe Lord, who is gIorified for His uncommon acfivifies. OnIy by becoming Krsna conscious and faking sheIfer af fhe Iofus feef of fhe Lord in fhis way can one be freed from maferiaI confaminafion." TEXT +(a) cva-bnavcna guru-scva yatna tattriyahc acarya-cvo bnava. t. cva-as ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; bnavcna-considciing; guru-ol ilc spiiiiual masici; scva-scivicc; yatna-jusi as; tattriyahc-in ilc Taiiiiiya Upanisad; acarya-ilc spiiiiual masici; cvan-as ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; bnava-plcasc bc; t-ilus. Thaf one shouId aIso serve fhe spirifuaI masfer as fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is confirmed in fhe Taiffirya Upanisad (1.10): "One shouId serve fhe spirifuaI masfer in fhe same way one serves fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead HimseIf." TEXT + (b) svctasvataropansa ca yasya cvc para bnahtr yatna cvc tatna gurau tasyatc hatnta ny artnan prahasantc manatmanan svctasvatara-upansa-in ilc Svciasvaiaia Upanisad; yasya-ol wlom; cvc jor tnc Suprcmc PcrsonaIty oj Gonca, para-supicmc; bnahtn-dcvoiion; yatna- jusi as; cvc-loi ilc Loid; tatna-in ilc samc way; gurau-loi ilc spiiiiual masici; yasya-ol lim; ctc-ilcy; hatntan-cxplaincd; n-cciiainly; artnan-ilc mcaning ol ilc Vcdic liiciaiuics; prahasantc-bccomc manilcsicd; mana- atmanan-loi sucl a gicai soul. The Svefasvafara Upanisad (6.23) aIso expIains: "OnIy unfo fhose greaf souIs who have impIicif faifh in bofh fhe Lord and fhe spirifuaI masfer are aII fhe imporfs of Vedic knowIedge aufomaficaIIy reveaIed." TEXT + (c) taya ta-bnahtr yatna sri-bnagavatc tasma gurum prapaycta jjjnasun srcya uttamam sabc parc ca nsnatam branmany upasamjasrayam tatra bnagavatan narman shsc gurvatma-avatan amayayanuvrttya yas tusyc atmatmao narn taya-by ilai; tat-loi ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; bnahtn- dcvoiion; yatna-jusi as; sri-bnagavatc-in ilc Simad-llagavaiam; tasmat- ilcicloic; gurum-io ilc spiiiiual masici; prapaycta-onc slould suicndci; jjnasun-cagci io lnow; srcyan uttamam-ilc supicmc goal ol lilc; sabc parc-in ilc iiansccndcnial mcssagcs ol ilc Vcdas; ca-also; nsnatam-cxpcii; branman- ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; upasamasrayam-ialcn slclici; tatra-in ilis icgaid; bnagavatan-ol ilc Supicmc Loid; narman-ilc dcvoiional scivicc; shsct-slould icacl; guru-atma-avatan-onc wlo las ialcn ilc scivicc ol ilc guiu as lis lilc and soul; amayaya-wiil non-dupliciious; anuvrttya-bclavioi; yan-by ilis; tusyct-may bc saiislicd; atma-ilc Supicmc Loid; atma-an- giving Himscll; narn-Haii. Thaf one shouId be devofed fo fhe SpirifuaI Masfer in fhe same way fhaf he is devofed fo fhe Supreme Lord is described in fhe Srmad-Bhagavafam (11.3.22- 23): "Any person who is seriousIy desirous of achieving reaI happiness musf seek ouf a bona-fide spirifuaI masfer and fake sheIfer of him by inifiafion. The quaIificafion of a spirifuaI masfer is fhaf he musf have reaIized fhe concIusion of fhe scripfures by deIiberafion and argumenfs and fhus be abIe fo convince ofhers of fhese concIusions. Such greaf personaIifies who have faken compIefe sheIfer of fhe Supreme Godhead, Ieaving aside aII maferiaI considerafions, are fo be undersfood as bona-fide spirifuaI masfers. One who fakes fhe insfrucfions of such a bona-fide spirifuaI masfer as his Iife and souI, and sincereIy worships and serves him, considering him equaI fo fhe Supreme as worshipabIe as fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, greafIy safisfies fhe Supreme Lord, who fhen gives HimseIf fo such a sincere devofee. The Lord gives such a devofee fhe power fo preach His message." TEXT 5 avapta-panca-samsharo Iabna-vvna-bnahthan sahsat-hrtya narm tasya namn ntyam pramoatc avapta-aiiaincd; panca-livc; samsharan-puiilicaioiy iiics; Iabna-aiiaincd; v-vna-iwo-lold; bnahttan-dcvoiional scivicc; sahsat-hrtya-diiccily aiiaining; narm-Loid Haii; tasya-ol Him; namn-in ilc spiiiiual abodc; ntyam-cicinally; pramoatc-icjoiccs. One who has passed fhrough fhe five purificafory rifuaIs, and been inifiafed info fhe vaidh and raga sfages of devofionaI service, may direcfIy perceive Lord Hari, and affain fhe efernaI bIiss of serving Him in fhe spirifuaI abode. TEXT 6 (a) tatna panca-samsharan. yatna smrtau pamottara-hnanc tapan punram tatna nama mantro yagas ca pancaman ami n panca samsharan paramahant-nctavan tatna-in ilis way; panca-livc; samsharan-puiilicaioiy pioccduics; yatna- jusi as; smrtau-in ilc Smiii; pama-uttara-hnanc-in ilc Uiiaia-llanda ol ilc Padma Puiana; tapan-ausiciiiy; punram-iilala mailings; tatna-in ilc samc way; nama-claniing ilc Loid's loly namcs; mantran-claniing vaiious maniias; yagan-woislipping ilc Salagiama-sila and oilci dciiics; ca-and; pancaman-ilc lilil; ami-ilcsc; n-indccd; panca-livc; samsharan-puiilicaioiy pioccduics; parama-supicmc; ahant-ol causclcss dcvoiional scivicc; nctavan-ilc causcs. These five purificafory procedures are described in fhe Padma Purana, Uffara Khanda: "1. Ausferify, 2. wearing fiIaka markings, 3. Accepfing a new name af fhe fime of inifiafion, +. chanfing various manfras gIorifying fhe Lord, and 5. engaging in fhe performance of sacrifice, are fhe five purificafory procedures which granf fhe Lord's unaIIoyed devofionaI service." TEXT 6 (b) tapo tra tapta-cahra- mura-naranam ucyatc tcnava nar-nama- mura capy upaIahsyatc tapan-ausiciiiy; atra-lcic; tapta-loi; cahra-calia; a-and oilci symbols ol Loid Visnu; mura-ilc mails; naranam-wcaiing; ucyatc s cscrbc, tcna- by ilis; cva-cciiainly; nar-ol Loid Haii; nama-ilc loly namcs; a-bcginning wiil; mura-mails ol ilc Loid; ca-and; ap-also; upaIahsyatc-is obscivcd. In fhis verse fhe word ausferify means fo accepf fhe branded marks of Lord Visnu (fhe cakra, Iofus, conch and mace) and aIso fhe marks of His hoIy names. Noic: Sila llaliisiddlania Saiasvai Tlaluia commcnis ilai ilis dilliculi ausiciiiy is noi aciually nccdcd. Tlc picvious gicai dcvoiccs lavc sci ilc cxamplc ol mailing ilc body wiil ilc Loid's loly namcs and symbols diawn in sandalwood pasic. Tlis is quiic sullicicni. TEXT 6 (c) yatna smrtau nar-namahsarar gatram anhaycc cananana sa Ioha-pavano bnutva tasya Ioham avapnuyat yatna-jusi as; smrtau-in ilc Smiii-sasiia; nar-ol Loid Haii; nama-ol ilc loly namcs; ahsaran-wiil ilc lciicis; canana-wiil sandalwood pasic; ana- and oilci similai subsianccs; san-lc; Ioha-ol ilc cniiic woild; pavanan-ilc puiilici; bnutva-laving bccomc;tasya-ol ilc Supicmc Loid; Ioham-ilc planci; avapnuyat-may aiiain. The Smrfi-sasfra expIains: "One who marks his body wifh fhe Ieffers of Lord Hari's hoIy names drawn in sandaIwood pasfe or ofher simiIar subsfances, purifies fhe enfire worId and becomes eIigibIe fo enfer fhe Lord's spirifuaI abode." TEXT 6 (d) punram sya urnva-punram tac cnastrc banu-vnam smrtam nar-manram tat-paa- hrty-ayat-subnavanam punram-ilc woid pundiam; syat-may bc; urnva-punram-iilala mailings; tat-ilai; sastrc-in ilc sciipiuics; banu-vnam-in many ways; smrtam-is considcicd; nar-ol Loid Haii; manram-ilc icmplc; tat-ilc Loid's; paa-ol ilc loius lcci; ahrt-wiil ilc loim; aya-cic.; at-vciy; subna-auspicious; avanam-causing. The word pundram in fhe previous quofe from fhe Padma Purana (6a) means fiIaka markings, many variefies of which have been described in fhe scripfures. By marking fhe body wifh fiIaka, or wifh fhe forms of fhe Lord's Iofus feef, or ofher auspicious marks, fhe body is sancfified and designafed as fempIe of Lord Hari. TEXT 6 (e) namatra gatam sabnr nar-bnrtyatva-bonaham mantro staasa-varnan svcsta-cva-vapur matan nama-ilc namc; atra-lcic; gatam-dcsciibcd; sabnn-by ilc sainily dcvoiccs; nar-ol Loid Haii; bnrtyatva-ilc siaic ol bcing Loid's Haii's scivani; bonaham-indicaiing; mantran-ilc maniia; astaasa-cigliccn; varna-lciicis; an-bcginning wiil; sva-own; sta-woislippablc; cva-ol ilc dciiy; vapun- ilc loim; matan-considcicd. The word nama means name. This means fhaf when one is inifiafed by a spirifuaI masfer, one shouId accepf a new name indicafing fhaf he is a servanf of Lord Hari. The manfra referred fo is fhe eighfeen syIIabIe GopaIa manfra, which is considered non-differenf from fhe spirifuaI form of fhe Lord. TEXT 6 (f) saIagrama-puja tu yaga-sabcna hatnyatc pramanany csu rsyan puranasu sanubnn saIagrama-ilc Salagiama-sila; a-bcginning wiil; puja-woislip; tu-and; yaga-yaga; sabcna-by ilc wois; hatnyatc-is dcsciibcd; pramanan-cvidcnccs; csu-among ilcm; rsyan-aic sccn; purana-in ilc Puianas; asu-and oilci Vcdic liiciaiuics; sanubnn-by ilc sainily dcvoiccs. By fhe word yaga, fhe worship of SaIagrama-siIa and ofher deify forms of fhe Lord is described. In fhis way, fhe sainfIy devofees find many references in fhe Puranas and ofher Vedic Iiferafures fo describe fhe five purificafory processes. TEXT 7 navana bnaht-vn-ruc- purva vcna bnavc yaya hrsnan bnutva svayam prasanno aat tat ta ipstam nama navana-ninc-lold; bnaht-dcvoiional scivicc; vn-ilc bcginning siagc ol lollowing ilc iulcs and icgulaiions wiiloui sponiancous aiiiaciion; ruc- sponiancous aiiiaciion; purva-bcginning; bnavct-may bc; yaya-by wlicl; hrsnan-Kisna; bnutva-laving bccomc; svayam-Himscll; prasannan-plcascd; aat-gianis; tat-ilis; tat-and ilai; ipstam-dcsiicd; nama-abodc. The nine-foId process of devofionaI service described in Texf 2a may be considered in fwo sfages. The firsf sfage is caIIed vidhi-bhakfi, or foIIowing fhe ruIes and reguIafions of bhakfi. The second sfage is caIIed ruci, and if is affained when fhere is sponfaneous affracfion fo Krsna and His service. Lord Krsna becomes personaIIy very safisfied by fhis Ioving service, He fuIfiIIs aII fhe desires of His servifor and brings him back fo fhe spirifuaI reaIm. TEXT 8 vnnabnyarcyatc cvas catur-banv-a-rupa-nrh rucyatmahcna tcnasau nr-Ingan parpujyatc vnna-by ilc iulcs and icgulaiions; abnyarcyatc-is woislipcd; cvan-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; catun-loui; banu-aims; a-and oilci; rupa-loims; nrh-manilcsiing; ruc-atmahcna-by sponiancous aiiiaciion; tcna-by ilis; asau-Hc; nr-Ingan-appcaiing as a luman bcing, ilc son ol Yasoda-dcv; parpujyatc-is woislippcd. By fhe process of vidhi-bhakfi, fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is worshipped in His Narayana feafure, manifesfing four, or somefimes eighf or fen arms. By fhe process of ruci-bhakfi, fhe Lord is worshipped in His originaI human-Iike form as fhe son of Yasoda. TEXT 9 tuIasy-asvattna-natry-a- pujanam nama-nstnata arunoaya-vnas tu santyajyo nar-vasaran janmastamy-aham suryo- aya-vnam partyajct tuIasi-ol ilc iulasi plani; asvattna-ol ilc banyan iicc; natri-ol ilc amalal iicc; a-bcginning wiil; pujanam-woislip; nama-in ilc loly placc wlcic ilc Loid pciloimcd His pasiimcs; nstnata-icsidcncc; arunoaya-vnan-il mixcd wiil ilc dasam; tu-bui; santyajyan-slould bc abandoncd; nar-vasaran- cladas; janmastami-janmasiam; aham-bcginning wiil; suroaya-vnam-il mixcd wiil ilc sapiam; partyajct-onc slould abandon. One shouId worship fhe fuIas pIanf,fhe banyan and amaIaki frees, and everyfhing eIse which is in reIafionship wifh fhe Lord. One shouId nof fasf on fhe ekadas day which parfIy faIIs on fhe dasam, and one shouId nof fasf on fhe janmasfam day which faIIs on fhe sapfam. TEXT 10 Ioha-sangranam anvccnan ntya-namttham bunan pratstntas carct harma bnaht-prananyam atyajan Ioha-ol ilc dcvoiccs; sangranam-ilc associaiion; anvccnan-dcsiiing; ntya-icgulai; namttham-and occasional; bunan-ilc lcaincd dcvoiccs; pratstntan-lixcd; carct--snouI pcrjorm, harma-aciion; bnaht-dcvoiional scivicc;prananyam-piincipally; atyajan- not abanonng. A Iearned and infeIIigenf devofee, fixed in service fo fhe Lord, shouId reside in a hoIy pIace, aspire for fhe associafion of advanced devofees, and engage in fhe reguIar and speciaI acfivifies of devofionaI service. TEXT 11 asa namaparanams tu yatnatan parvarjayct asa-icn; nama-io ilc loly namc; aparanan-ollcnscs;tu-also; yatnatan- wiil gcai cndcavoi; parvarjayct-onc wlold avoid. One shouId carefuIIy avoid fhe fen offenses in fhe chanfing of fhe hoIy name of fhe Lord. TEXT 12 hrsnavapt-pnaIa bnahtr chantatrabnniyatc jnana-varagya-purva sa pnaIam sayan prahasayct hrsna-ol Kisna; avapt-ilc aiiainmcni; pnaIa-ilc liuii; bnahtn-dcvoiional scivicc; chanta-unalloycd; atra-lcic; abnniyatc-is dcsciibcd; jnana-wiil sciipiuial lnowlcdgc; varagya-and icnunciaiion; purva-loimcily; sa-ilai; pnaIam-liuii; prahasayct-causcs io bccomc manilcsi. UnaIIoyed devofionaI service, which causes one fo affain Krsna, is described here. When fhaf devofion is enriched wifh renunciafion and scripfuraI schoIarship, if very quickIy bears fruif. Ninfh Prameya TEXT 1 atna pratyahsanumana-sabanam cva pramanatvam yatna sri-bnagavatc srutn pratyahsam atnyam anumanam catustayam atna-now; pratyahsa-diicci pciccpiion; anumana-logic; sabanam-and Vcdic auiloiiiy; cva-cciiainly; pramanatvam-souiccs ol cvidcncc; yatna-jusi as; sri-bnagavatc-in ilc Simad-llagavaiam (11.16.17); srutn-ilc loui Vcdas; pratyahsam-diicci pciccpiion; atnyam-ilc Puianas and lisioiical iccoids; anumanam-and logic; catustayam-loui souiccs ol cvidcncc. 9. Direcf Percepfion, Iogic and Vedic reveIafion are fhree sources of acfuaI knowIedge: This is described in fhe Srmad-Bhagavafam (11.16.17): "The Four Vedas, direcf percepfion, fhe Puranas and Vedic hisfories, as weII as Iogic are four sources of acfuaI knowIedge." TEXT 2 pratyahsam anumanam ca yat-sacvycna sunmat maya-munavaIohaau pratyahsam vyabncar yat pratyahsam-diicci pciccpiion; anumanam-logic; ca-also; yat-io wlicl; sacvycna-lavoiablc; sunmat-puic; maya-muna-ol ilosc bcwildcicd by ilc illusoiy cncigy ol ilc Loid; avaIoha-in ilc vision; aau-bcginning wiil; pratyahsam-diicci pciccpiion; vyabncar-cvidcncc; yat-wlicl. Direcf percepfion and Iogic are acfuaI sources of knowIedge when fhey confirm fhe aufhorifafive sfafemenfs found in Vedic reveIafion. OnIy fooIish persons bewiIdered by fhe iIIusory maferiaI energy of fhe Lord accepf fhe misIeading evidence of direcf sensory percepfion. TEXT 3 anuma cat-numc rau vrst-nrvaptagnhc atan pramanam tat tac sa svatantram nava sammatam anuma-logic; ca-also; at-numc-wiil mucl smolc; arau-on a mouniain; vrst-by iain; nrvapta-cxiinguislcd; agnhc-on a liic; atan-liom ilis; pramanam--cvcncc, tat-ilis; tat-and ilai; ca-also; sva-tantram-indcpcndcni; na--not, cva-cciiainly; sammatam-considcicd. Logic and menfaI specuIafion are inconcIusive and unreIiabIe sources of knowIedge. They may be compared fo fhe foresf fire on fop of a hiII which has jusf been exfinguished by showers of rain, and fhus yieIds no Iighf, buf onIy a greaf quanfify of smoke. InfeIIigenf persons fo nof fherefore consider Iogic and sensory percepfion fo be independenf and infaIIibIe sources of knowIedge, buf rafher fhey are dependenf assisfanfs fo fhe principaI source of knowIedge: fhe Vedic reveIafion. TEXT + anuhuIo matas tarhan sushas tu parvarjtan anuhuIan-lavoiablc io ilc lnowlcdgc icvcalcd inilc sciipiuics; matan- considcicd; tarhan-logic; sushan-diy; tu-bui; parvarjtan-icjccicd. When Iogic confirms fhe Vedic reveIafion, if shouId be accepfed, buf ofherwise nof. TEXT 5 (a) tatna n vajasancynan atma va arc rastavyan srotavyo mantavyo nnyastavyan. t. tatna n-luiilcimoic; n-indccd; vajasancynan-Yajnavallya cxplains in ilc lilad-aianyala Upanisad; atma-ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; va- cciiainly; arc-O Maiiicyi; rastavyan-slould bc sccn; srotavyan-slould bc lcaid; mantavyan-slould bc undcisiood; nnyastavyan-slould bc mcdiiaicd upon; t-ilus. The proper use of Iogic is described by YajnavaIkya Muni in fhe Brhad- aranyaka Upanisad (+.5.6): "O Maifreyi, one shouId direcfIy perceive fhe supreme PersonaIify of Godhead by hearing abouf Him from a bona-fide spirifuaI masfer. In fhis way one con properIy undersfand His posifion, and consfanfIy medifafe upon Him." TEXT 5 (b) hatnahc nasa tarhcna matr apancya prohtany cva jnanaya prcstna.t. hatnahc-in ilc Kaila Upanisad; na-noi; csan-Hc; tarhcna-simply by logic; apancya-is biougli; prohtan-ilc clucidaiions ol a bona-lidc spiiiiual masici; cva-cciiainly; jnanaya-loi aciual lnowlcdgc; prcstna-O dcai Nacilcia; t- ilus. Logic which has no foundafion in scripfuraI reveIafion is described in fhe Kafha Upanisad (1.2.9): "My dear Nacikefa, simpIy by Iogic one wiII never be abIe fo undersfand fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, buf onIy by fhe descripfions of a reaIized spirifuaI masfer." TEXT 6 smrts ca purvaparavroncna h trartno bnmato bnavct ty ayam unanam tarhan susha-tarham tu varjayct smrtn-ilc Smiii-sasiia; ca-and; purvapara-wiil ilc picvious Vcdic auiloiiics; avroncna-noi in disagiccmcni; han-wlai; atra-in ilis conncciion; artnan-ilc mcaning; abnmatan-acccpicd; bnavct-may bc; t-ilus; ayam- bcginning; unanam-gucsswoil spcculaiion; tarhan-logic; susha-diy; tarham- logic; tu-indccd; varjayct-onc slould icjcci. The Smrfi-sasfra confirms: "One shouId rejecf fhe dry Iogic fhaf considers: 'How imporfanf is if fhaf one's reasoning foIIow fhe concIusion previousIy described in Vedic reveIafion: If cannof be very imporfanf.' Such Iogic Ieads one fo fhe process known as specuIafive guessing." TEXT 7 (a) navca-vusam yasma branmar upajayatc yac caupansaam branma tasman muhnya srutr mata na-noi; avca-vusam-diicd-up plilosoplcis wlo do noi acccpi ilc Vcdic conclusion; yasmat-loi ilis icason; branma-ol ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; nin-ilc piopci undcisianding; upajayatc-is pioduccd; yat-wlicl; ca-and; aupansaam-dcsciibcd in ilc Upanisads; branma-ilc Supicmc; tasmat-ilcicloic; muhnya-mosi impoiiani; srutn-ilc Vcdas; mata-aic considcicd. The Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead is described in fhe sfafemenfs of fhe Upanisads, and for fhis reason Vedic reveIafion is fhe besf of aII sources of knowIedge. They who spurn fhe Vedic reveIafion do nof have fhe power fo properIy undersfand fhe Supreme. TEXT 7 (b) tatna n srutn navcavn manutc tam brnantam. t. aupansaam purusam prccnam. t. tatna n--jurtncrmorc, srutn-ilc Vcdas cxplain; na-noi; avca-vt-onc ignoiani ol ilc Vcdic icvclaiion; manutc-undcisiands; tam-Him; brnantam-ilc gicaicsi; t-ilus; aupansaam-dcsciibcd in ilc Upanisads; purusam-Supicmc Pcison; prccnam-I am inquiiing aboui; t-ilus. This concIusion is confirmed in fhe Vedas: "One ignoranf of Vedic knowIedge cannof acfuaIIy undersfand fhe Supreme." (Srufi-sasfra) "PIease feII me abouf fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead who is reveaIed in fhe Upanisads." (Brhad-aranyaka 3.9.26) ConcIuding Words TEXT 1 sri-manva-matc narn parataman satyam jagat tattvato bnco jiva-gana narcr anucara ncocca-bnavam gatan muhtr naja-suhnanubnutr amaIa bnahts ca tat-sananam ahsa-trtayam pramanam ahnIamnayaha-vcyo narr t sri-manva-ol Si Madlvacaiya; matc-in ilc conccpiion; narn-Haii; parataman-is ilc Absoluic Tiuil; satyam-ical; jagat-ilc maiciial woild is; tattvatan-in iiuil; bncan-disiinciion; jiva-ol living cniiiics; ganan-ilc muliiiudcs; narcn-ol Loid Haii; anucara-ilc scivanis; nica-lowly; ucca-and cxalicd; bnavam-posiiion; gatan-aiiaincd; muhtn-libciaiion; naja-own; suhna-bliss anubluiil-ilc cxpciicncc; amaIa-puic; bnahtn-dcvoiional scivicc; ca-and; tat-io ilai cnd; sananam-ilc mcans; ahsa-diicci pciccpiion; a-bcginning wiil; trtayam-ilicc; pramanam-souiccs ol lnowlcdgc; ahnIa- all; amnaya-by ilc Vcdas; cha-cxclusivcly; vcyan-lnowablc; narn-Haii; t-ilus. The PhiIosophy of Madhvacarya may be summarized in fhe foIIowing way: 1. Lord Hari is fhe AbsoIufe Trufh, and nofhing is greafer fhan He, 2. fhe maferiaI worId is reaI, 3. fhe jvas (Iiving enfifies) are differenf from Lord Hari, +. fhe jvas are by nafure Lord Hari's servanfs, 5. fhe jvas are sifuafed in varying posifions bofh in fhe maferiaI and spirifuaI worIds, 6. Iiberafion does nof mean an impersonaI merging, buf fhe experience of fhe bIiss of devofionaI service, 7. Pure devofionaI service granfs Iiberafion, 8. direcf percepfion, Iogic, and Vedic reveIafion are fhe fhree sources of knowIedge, and 9. Lord Hari is reveaIed in fhe Vedic scripfures. TEXT 2 ananatirtna ractan yasyam pramcya-ratnan navava sant pramcya-ratnavaIr aarcna pranibnr csa nrayc nncya ananatirtnan-by Madlvacaiya; ractan-wiiiicn; yasyam-in wlicl; pramcya-ol plilosoplical iiuils; nava-ninc; cva-cciiainly; sant-aic; prcmcya- ratnavaIn-ilis bool, Piamcya-iainavali; aarcna-wiil gicai icspcci; pranibnn-by ilosc wlo aic iniclligcni; csa-ilis bool; nrayc-in ilc lcaii oi upon ilc clcsi; nncya-slould bc placcd.' The nine jeweIs of phiIosophicaI frufh formuIafed by Madhvacarya have been described in fhis book. Lef fhose who are acfuaIIy infeIIigenf, respecffuIIy pIace fhis book, Prameya-rafnavaIi, wifhin fheir hearfs. TEXT 3 ntyam nvasatu nrayc catanyatma murarr nan nravcyo nrvrtman gajapatr anuhampaya yasya ntyam-cicinally; nvasatu-may icsidc; nrayc-in ilc lcaii; catanya-ciilci spiiiiual, oi Loid Caiianya; atma-loim; murarn-Loid Kisna; nan-oui; nravcyan-puiilicd; nrvrtman-and libciaicd; gajapatn-ciilci Gajcndia, ilc ling ol ilc clcplanis, oi Malaiaja Piaiapaiudia; anuhampaya-by ilc mcicy; yasya-ol wlom. This concIuding verse may be inferprefed eifher for Lord Krsna or Lord Caifanya. Inferprefed for Lord Krsna, if may be fransIafed in fhe foIIowing way. May Lord Krsna, whose form is spirifuaI and fuII of knowIedge, and who mercifuIIy purified and deIivered Gajendra, fhe king of fhe eIephanfs, efernaIIy reside wifhin our hearfs. Inferprefed for Lord Caifanya, fhe same verse may be fransIafed in fhe foIIowing way. May Lord Caifanya, who is acfuaIIy Lord Krsna, fhe Supreme PersonaIify of Godhead, and who mercifuIIy purified and deIivered Maharaja Prafaparudra, efernaIIy reside wifhin our hearfs.