Lammers
CVS 1 : Blood Vessels 2 Prof. Lammers Distribution of blood to each organ or tissue depends on the tissues needs. Eg: Kidney uses largest amount brain skeletal muscle etc. Tissues that have low resistance receive higher proportion of blood and those with high resistance receive less. It depends on the characteristics of blood vessels that supply the tissue or organ.
Blood Flow The pumping action of the heart generates blood flow The blood flow that passes through a given blood vessel depends directly on the pressure difference between the two ends of the blood vessel and indirectly on the resistance of blood movement.
2.
3. Blood vessel diameter: Most important in determining peripheral resistance. The higher the diameter of the blood vessel lumen the less friction blood encounters less resistance blood flow The smaller the diameter more friction because more fluid is in contact with the blood vessel wall resistance blood flow Because arterioles can dilate and constrict the most and the fact that they have the smallest diameter of all blood vessels in the systemic circulation, they are the major determinants of peripheral resistance. Blood pressure is highest in the aorta, it decreases steadily until the steepest decrease happens at the level of arterioles. (Arterioles small diameter highest resistance Blood Flow) Pulse Pressure: difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Systolic = 120 mmHg
CVS 1 : Blood Vessels 3 Prof. Lammers Diastolic = 70 to 80 mmHg Pulse pressure is felt as the pulse: throbbing pulsation in an artery in systole Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP): average of blood pressure Diastolic is more important because diastole is longer than systole in a single cardiac cycle. MAP = Diastolic Pressure + 1/3 (Pulse pressure)
Arterial blood pressure can be measured by using a sphygmomanometer. It consists of a pressure measuring device and an inflatable cuff. It involves auscultation Listening to the sounds made by the various body structures as a diagnostic method. Listening to Korotkoff sounds sound's heard over an artery when pressure over it is reduced below systolic arterial pressure. A stethoscope is placed over the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa. When pressure of cuff is higher then systolic, no blood flows no sound heard, silence When pressure of cuff is slightly below systolic, blood will briefly be forced past the cuff at the beginning of each systole. Blood flow is turbulent and is heard as sharp tapping sounds As pressure in cuff falls below systolic, blood is forced through for longer periods with each systole louder longer sounds. When cuff pressure is close to diastolic pressure, the thumping sounds become quieter. When the cuff pressure is below diastolic, the artery is no longer compressed and blood flows normally no sounds. Systolic Pressure first heard tapping sounds Diastolic Pressure when the sound disappears.