STUDENT PLACEMENT What is a student placement?

A student for placement can be in casework, policy, project, legal and psychology roles where this placement is a compulsory component of attaining a relevant degree qualification. Placements offer students a unique opportunity to apply their classroom learning in real life situations under the supervision of qualified and experienced staff. Undertaking your compulsory placement with us will allow you to develop an understanding of the work we do, as well as the roles in which you may be most interested. Volunteering Students wishing to obtain general work experience (paid or unpaid) outside of a relevant degree program or wanting to undertake voluntary work with children, families or disadvantaged groups should explore the nongovernment sector. We fund a large range of non government agencies to assist us help the children and families of NSW and many of these agencies offer volunteer programs.

-1-

THINGS TO REMEMBER DURING PLACEMENT Placement Preparation

Indentify your current level of Key Skills. Consider what areas you would like to develop as part of the placement. Consider using PDP to plan your development and enhance your CV. See the Finding a placement section of the handbook for help with CVs and covering letters. Make use of the Careers Advisory Service. They offer CV guides and workshops as well as Drop In sessions and Guidance Interviews. Read through placement handbooks and discuss your options with your tutor or placement officer. Research companies that interest you and find out more about what they do. Make use of any opportunities to talk to students who have already been through the placement experience. Prior to an interview make sure you research the company thoroughly and decide which area of the company you would most like to work in if given the option. If you do not already have one, get a hard copy of the Students' Union placement handbook.

During Placement

Take hard copies of handbooks, contact lists and all other relevant information with you. Read the Managing placements section of the handbook.
-2-

Maintain contact with your tutor and fellow placement students. Make use of online resources such as Moodle courses to keep a continuous line of contact open. Consult the Checklist for managing your placement for advice on how to deal with any problems that may arise. Make your tutor aware of any problems, which cannot be solved with your supervisor, as soon as possible. Keep a journal of your work including details of all tasks performed and what you have learnt or skills you have developed.

Following Placement

Review your journal to help you write a report or give a presentation. Look for help or advice on report writing. Share your experiences, both good and bad, with others so that future students are well informed. Consider updating your PDP or CV with relevant skills that you gained from your placement.

-3-

FUNCTION OF PLACEMENT CELL

The department of Training and Placement, the marketing division of the institute has these following functions and responsibilities: Nurtures Industry Institute interaction, by organizing and coordinating frequent industrial visits, inplant training and projects of industrial relevance for the students, with the sole aim of zeroing down the hiatus between the industry and the academia. Receives and forwards the feedback pertinent to curriculum improvement from the visiting companies to the faculty, to ensure that the curriculum follows the latest industrial trends. Helps every student define his/her career interest through individual expert counseling. Makes available updated database and job profile of the companies and thus helps each student analyze and choose company of his interest. The department has in its active file a database of nearly 500 companies. Organizes and coordinates Campus Placement Program, to fulfill its commitment of a job to every aspirant. Works towards continuing education for the college employees Over the years, the department has maintained symbiotic, vibrant and purposeful relationship with Industries across the country and as a result, has built up an impressive placement record both in terms of percentage of registered students placed, as well as the number of companies visiting the campus

-4-

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF STUDENT PLACEMENTS?

Student placements help you integrate your theoretical learning into the complexity of workplace practice in a planned, structured and reflective way. You also benefit the people at your placement by bringing recently acquired knowledge and a new perspective on established and evolving policies and practices. A student placement with Community Services will help you:

gain a realistic job preview develop confidence in yourself and your abilities develop your own style of practice have the opportunity to explore and expand your knowledge gain opportunities to develop your processes of reasoning, evaluating and communicating ideas and information.

What do students say about their experiences ? I learnt that there is another side to Community Services to that which is portrayed through the media, and throughout the community. I found there are a lot of hard working, dedicated Caseworkers who are trying to provide ongoing support and assistance to families in need with sometimes very limited resources.

-5-

The placemen] confirmed my interest in child protection and my ability to work in challenging situations. It also enabled me to learn more about the department and how the work operates. My supervisor was very supportive. He was always available to answer any questions or assist with any difficulties that would arise during the course of the placement.

-6-

USE OF PLACEMENT RECORD

PLACEMENT Campus Recruitment Programme conducted by the Institute is a very vital activity for the young engineers aspiring for appropriate placement in Government Departments, Private/Public Sector Undertakings. A close interaction between the Institute and various company executives has created excellent placement record. The Students Job Co-ordinaters actively participate in organizing Campus Recruitment Programme. By sheer dint of hard work and dedication, the students of this Institute have reached top positions in the industries and academia. The Institute has an excellent record of assuring confirmed jobs in prestigious industrial organizations. On the basis of records available students belonging to the DivisionsElectronics & Communication Engineering, Computer Engineering-who graduated in current year, almost all the students have secured firm jobs in Multinational companies, Private and Public Sector Undertakings and Government Departments with many students being offered mutiple jobs. Some of them have joined the Indian Institutes of Management and other Prestigious Institute for higher studies. Some students were selected by the top Universities in the USA to pursue higher studies in specialised areas.So far a high percentage of our eligible students have been offered jobs by reputed firms.

-7-

The students who wish to apply to a particular company/organization are required to enter their willingness by signing against their roll numbers in the respective register kept in the Training &Placement Office before the specified deadline. No late entries are entertained under any circumstances. It is obligatory on the part of these students to attend the interviews.

The Training & Placement Office tries to provide opportunity to all its registered students to secure one job at the first instance, and pursues a policy of one student one job till at least 80% of the students in a particular discipline get one job. Once 80% of the class gets one job, the students already having a job will be eligible to apply for another job. A student who has obtained a second job in this fashion will not be allowed to appear for any more interviews. After all the students of a department have secured at least one job, all of them will be allowed to apply to all subsequent hobs (subject to securing a maximum of two jobs) If a student is offered a second job, he/she must give a letter of regret to the company which offered the first job and a letter of acceptance to the second.

After accepting a job offer, if any student decides to withdraw his/her acceptance any time during the year, he/she must inform the company concerned through the Training & Placement Office immediately.

-8-

COMPANIES THAT HAVE BEEN VISITING CAMPUS FOR PLACEMENTS

HCL Technologies IBM Global Infosys Tata Techologies L & T ltd Tata infotech Tata Telecom TCIL Wipro Birla Soft

-9-

BENEFITS OF STUDENT PLACEMENT RECORD SYSTEM

1. Keeps records of students in organized manner. 2. Providing Job opportunities to its students. 3. Timely communication with students as per demand of company for placement. 4. Help in providing job to its students as per their choice.
5. Fulfill employment needs of various companie.

- 10 -

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT Student Placement Record

The companies use Students Placement Record System (SPRS) to record details of all Professional Experience Placements for students throughout their course. All student details are recorded in the SPRS which uploads information from the Student Record System (SRS). The SPRS also records the placement history of students. The SPRS is a database which allows students to apply for preferences of placement regions and add any comments relevant to the application. Comments may include information about employment or volunteer work which is relevant to your placement, conflict of interest or personal reasons for your regional preferences. All comments remain confidential. At the close of each application period, students are allocated their placements by staff in the Professional Experience Office according to the region and information provided by students in the comments section. This process is repeated for each Professional Experience placement. We are able to retain in the SPRS details of students any circumstances that may require consideration when placing students for their Professional Experience. We also record details of all documentation submitted by students to the School of Education relating to Professional Experience.

- 11 -

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

COMPUTER LANGUAGE USED 1. Visual Basic PACKAGE REQUIREMENT Student Placement Record developed in visual basic can be executed on compatible PC having Minimum 486 or higher processor. SPECIFICATIONS
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

This package is made for single user environment, which is also workable on multi user environment. It needs following hardware requirements. Minimum 64 MB Minimum 630 MB RAM. Hard disk

SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS 1. PLATFORM USED Windows XP as an operating system is used in making and running this package. FRONT END USED To make this package Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 is used as a front-end tool so as to design the application Screen inputs and outputs. BACK END USED

- 12 -

Microsoft Access 2003 is used as a back end tool for maintaining the database of all the constituencies and the information of candidates. MAN POWER REQUIREMENTS To run this package no professional manpower is required. Any person with little knowledge of computer can easily operate this package. This is due to the Automation of the project and an easy to use interface that can be used by any person.

- 13 -

INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL BASIC Visual basic has evolved from the original Basic language and now contains several hundred statements, functions and keywords, many of which relates directly to the windows GUI. Beginners can create useful applications by learning just few of the keywords. Yet the power of the language allows professional to accomplish anything that can be accomplished using any other windows programming language. The Visual Basic programming language is not unique to Visual Basic. The Visual Basic programming system, application edition included in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and many other windows applications use the same language. The Visual Basic scripting edition (VB Script) is a widely used scripting language and subset of the Visual Basic language. The investment you make in learning Visual Basic will carry over to these other areas. Whether your goal is to create a small utility for yourself or your work group, a large enterprise wide system, or even distributed applications spanning the globe via the internet, Visual Basic has the tools you need: o Date access features allow you to create database, frontend applications, and scalable server-slide components for most popular database formats, including Microsoft sql server and other enterprise-level databases.
o

Active

Xtm

technologies

allow

you

to

use

the

functionality provided by other applications, such as Microsoft Word word processor. Microsoft excel spreadsheet, and other windows applications. You can even automate applications and
- 14 -

objects created using the professional or enterprise editions of visual basic. o Internet capabilities make it easy to provide access to documents and application, or to create Internet server applications.
o

Your finished application is a true exe file that uses a

visual basic virtual machine that you can freely distribute. The Development Environment Learning the ins and outs of the Development Environment before you learn visual basic is somewhat like learning for a test you must know where all the functions belong and what their purpose is. First we will start with labelling the development environment

- 15 -

The above diagram shows the development environment with all the important points labelled. Many of Visual basic functions work similar to Microsoft word eg the Tool Bar and the tool box is similar to other products on the market which work off a single click then drag the width of the object required. The Tool Box contains the control you placed on the form window. All of the controls that appear on the Tool Box controls on the above picture never runs out of controls as soon as you place one on the form another awaits you on the Tool Box ready to be placed as needed. The project explorer window The Project explorer window gives you a tree-structured view of all the files inserted into the application. You can expand these and collapse branches of the views to get more or less detail (Project explorer). The project explorer window displays forms, modules or other separators which are supported by the visual basic like class'es and Advanced Modules. If you want to select a form on its own simply double click on the project explorer window for a more detailed look. And it will display it where the Default form is located

Properties Window

- 16 -

Some programmers prefer the Categorisized view of the properties window. By defaulting, the properties window displays its properties alphabetically (with the exception of the name value) when you click on the categorized button the window changes to left picture.
The Default Layout

When we start Visual Basic, we are provided with a VB project.A VB project is a collection of the following modules and files.

The global module( that contains declaration and procedures) The form module(that contains the graphic elements of the VB application along with the instruction ) The general module (that generally contains general-purpose instructions not pertaining to anything graphic on-screen) The class module(that contains the defining characteristics of a class, including its properties and methods) The resource files(that allows you to collect all of the texts and bitmaps for an application in one place)

On start up, Visual Basic will displays the following windows :

The Blank Form window The Project window The Properties window

It also includes a Toolbox that consists of all the controls essential for developing a VB Application. Controls are tools such as boxes, buttons,

- 17 -

labels and other objects draw on a form to get input or display output. They also add visual appeal.
Understanding the tool box.

You may have noticed that when you click on different controls the Properties Window changes slightly this is due to different controls having different functions. Therefore more options are needed for example if you had a picture then you want to show an image. But if you wanted to open a internet connection you would have to fill in the remote host and other such settings. When you use the command ( properties following come will up provide ) you the a will find that a new set of

description and a property.

- 18 -

Opening a new visual basic file & Inserting Source code.

From looking at the examples it time to make your own application. Choose 'New Project' from the 'File' menu. Use the blank form1 to design a simple interface for an estate agents database, have some textboxes for names and other details. Insert some controls and make it look professional. Textboxes can be used to store there name and other details, make sure you put a picture box in for a picture of the house. Now insert the following source code for your application. Private Sub Form_Load() Picture1.Picture = LoadPicture("C:\Program Files\VB\Graphics\Icons\Misc\MISC42.ICO") End Sub
Running and viewing the project in detail.

Once an application is loaded it can be run by click on the toolbar, to pause press and to terminate use .

icon from the

Once a project is loaded, the name of the form(s) that it contains is displayed in the project window. To view a form in design mode, select the form required by clicking with the mouse to highlight its name, then clicking on the view form button.
Making your first *.exe!?

- 19 -

To make an excutable from a project choose 'MakeMake project.exe from the 'File' menu. Then click once on the Make project.exe choose a default location to store your executable, you can also change some advanced options by clicking on the Options.. tag before saving your exe

The above image will be displayed in the comment's value type some comments company name name etc... The Title tag represents the caption you will see if you press Control + Alt + Del. And the icon is the icon that will be available on the execute icon. As you can see it is quite simple to understand. All the comments, data and name appear when you click on the compiled (execute) exe and click properties.
Saving your visual basic project.

Save your work to disk. Use the Windows Explorer or any desktop windows to check that all files have been saved. There should be one Visual Basic Project (.VBP) file and separate Form (.FRM) and Module (.BAS) files for each form and module used in the current project.

- 20 -

Button Properties for reference

, Command Button & labels properties

Property Name

Description The name of the object so you can call it at runtime This specifies the command button's background color. Click the BackColor's palette down arrow to see a list of common Windows control colours, you must change this to the style property from 0 - standard to 1 - graphical Determines whether the command button gets a Click event if the user presses escape Holds the text that appears on the command button. Determins if the command button responds to an enter keypress even if another control has the focus Determines whether the command button is active. Often, you'll change the enable property at runtime with code to prevent the user pressing the button Produces a Font dialog box in which you can set the caption's font name , style and size. Positions the height of the object - can be used for down Positions the left control - can be used for right If selected to an icon can change the picture of the mouse pointer over that object Hold's the name of an icon graphic image so that it appears as a picture instead of a Button for this option to work the graphical tag must be set to 1 This determins if the Command Button appears as a standard windows dialog box or a graphical image
- 21 -

BackColor

Cancel Caption Default

Enable

Font Height Left MousePointer

Picture

Style

Tab index Tab Stop

Specifies the order of the command button in tab order Whether the object can be tabbed to ( this can be used in labels which have no other function ) If the mouse is held over the object a brief description can be pictures to see this happening If you want the user to see the button/label select true other wise just press false Show the width of the object

Tool Tip Text displayed (for example hold your mouse over one of the above

Visible Width

What an event is

The look of a Visual Basic application is determined by what controls are used, but the feel is determined by the events. An event is something which can happen to a control. For example, a user can click on a button, change a text box, or resize a form. As explained in Creating a Visual Basic Application, writing a program is made up of three events: 1) select suitable controls, 2) set the properties, and 3) write the code. It is at the code writing stage when it becomes important to choose appropriate events for each control. To do this double click on the control the event will be used for, or click on the icon in the project window (usually top right of screen). A

code window should now be displayed similar to the one shown below.

- 22 -

The left hand dropdown box provides a list of all controls used by the current form, the form itself, and a special section called General Declarations. The corresponding dropdown box on the right displays a list of all events applicable to the current control (as specified by the left hand dropdown box). Events displayed in bold signify that code has already been written for them, unbold events are unused. To demonstrate that different events can play a significant role in determining the feel of an application, a small example program will be written to add two numbers together and display the answer. The first solution to this problem will use the click event of a command button, while the second will the change event of two text boxes.
Click Event

Before any events can be coded it is necessary to design the interface from suitable controls. As shown in the screen shot below use: 2 text boxes to enter the numbers, a label for the + sign, a command button for the = sign, and another label for the answer.

- 23 -

Making the click event is very simple just select the button with the mouse and double click visual basic will generate.You can see on the top right there is a 'click' dropdown list this is known as a event handler.

Writing your own even

In the first example the user has to enter two numbers and then click on the equals button to produce an answer. However, the program can be changed so that the answer will be calculated every time either of the two numbers are changed without requiring an equals button. To do this first remove the equals command button and replace it with a label with the caption set to =. Now, bring up a code window and copy to the Windows clipboard the line lblAnswer = Str$(Val(txtNumber1.Text) + Val(txtNumber2.Text)). Using the left hand dropdown box select the first text box and then select the Change event from the right dropdown box. Then paste the code from the clipboard into the empty subroutine. Select the second text box and do the same. The same line is required twice because the two click events belong to two separate controls. The final code should look like:
- 24 -

Private Sub txtNumber1_Change() label2.Caption = Str$(Val(text1.Text) + Val(text.Text)) End Sub Private Sub txtNumber2_Change() label2.Caption = Str$(Val(text1.Text) + Val(text2.Text)) End Sub Run the program again, enter the two numbers and observe what happens. Each time a digit changes the answer is recalculated. Note: There may be times when recalculating more advanced problems takes too long on each change and so requiring the user to enter all the data first and then click on an answer button might more appropriate.
Using the event GotFocus event

So far only one event has been used per control, however this does not have to be the case! Add a StatusBar control to the bottom of the form, bring up the code window using , select the first text box (txtNumber1) from the

left hand dropdown box, and then select the GotFocus event from the right hand dropdown box. Now some basic instructions can be written in the status bar so that when the cursor is in the text box (the text box has focus) the status bar reads Enter the first number. After completing this change to the second text box and using the same GotFocus event change the statusbar text to Enter a second number. The code to set the status bar can be seen below.

- 25 -

CheckBoxes

Option bars are used quite often in the windows environment as they can only have two outputs 0 and 1 these get used to process the form. In this example it will be used to change the some text from normal to bold or to italic.

Private Sub chkBold_Click() If chkBold.Value = 1 Then ' If checked. txtDisplay.FontBold = True Else ' If not checked. txtDisplay.FontBold = False End If End Sub Private Sub chkItalic_Click() If chkItalic.Value = 1 Then ' If checked. txtDisplay.FontItalic = True

- 26 -

Else ' If not checked. txtDisplay.FontItalic = False End If End Sub This example can be found at "smaples/PGuide/controls/Controls.vbp" or downloaded free from the download page. The checkboxes can be turned on at runtime by simply typing name.value = 1 ' 1 On , 0 off Note: If you create the frame first and then add the option buttons by single clicking on the toolbox and dragging the cross hair cursor on the frame to create the controls, they will be attached to the frame and will move with it if you decide to re-position the frame. Notice, however, that if you create the frame first and double click the screen controls, then drag them from the centre of the form on to the frame, they will not be attached to it and will be left behind when you try to move the frame. Try this out. Notice that when you run your application the same icon is loaded first (probably the clipboard, if you created that option button first). You can alter the option that has the focus first, by selecting one of the other option buttons and setting its property tabindex to 1.
Option Buttons Changing the background colour

- 27 -

MICROSOFT ACCESS DESCRIPTION Microsoft Access is a powerful program to create and manage your databases. It has many built in features to assist you in constructing and viewing your information. Access is much more involved and is a more genuine database application than other programs such as Microsoft Works. First of all you need to understand how Microsoft Access breaks down a database. Some keywords involved in this process are: Database File, Table, Record, Field, Datatype. Here is the Hierarchy that Microsoft Access uses in breaking down a database. Database File: This is your main file that encompasses the entire database and that is saved to your hard-drive or floppy disk. Example) StudentDatabase.mdb Table:A table is a collection of data about a specific topic. There can be multiple tables in a database. Example #1) Students Example #2) Teachers Field:Fields are the different categories within a Table. Tables usually contain multiple fields. Example #1) Student LastName
- 28 -

Example #2) Student FirstName Datatypes:Datatypes are the properties of each field. A field only has 1 datatype. FieldName) Student LastName Datatype) Text Creating New, and Opening Existing Databases The above picture gives you the option to:

Create a New Database from scratch Use the wizard to create a New Database Open an existing database
o

The white box gives you the most recent databases you have used. If you do not see the one you had created, choose the More Files option and hit OK. Otherwise choose the database you had previously used and click OK.

Create a database using the Database Wizard

1. When Microsoft Access first starts up, a dialog box is automatically

displayed with options to create a new database or open an existing one. If this dialog box is displayed, click Access Database Wizards, pages, and projects and then click OK. If you have already opened a database or closed the dialog box that displays when Microsoft Access starts up, click New Database on the toolbar.
2. On the Databases tab, double-click the icon for the kind of database

you want to create. 3. Specify a name and location for the database.
4. Click Create to start defining your new database - 29 -

Create a database without using the Database Wizard

1. When Microsoft Access first starts up, a dialog box is automatically

displayed with options to create a new database or open an existing one. If this dialog box is displayed, click Blank Access Database, and then click OK. If you have already opened a database or closed the dialog box that displays when Microsoft Access starts up, click New Database on the toolbar, and then double-click the Blank Database icon on the General tab.
2. Specify a name and location for the database and click Create.

(Below is the screen that shows up following this step) Tables A table is a collection of data about a specific topic, such as students or contacts. Using a separate table for each topic means that you store that data only once, which makes your database more efficient, and reduces dataentry errors. Tables organize data into columns (called fields) and rows (called records). Create a Table from scratch in Design view 1. If you haven't already done so, switch to the Database Window You can press F11 to switch to the Database window from any other window.
2. Double-Click on "Create table in Design view". (DESIGN VIEW)

3. Define each of the fields in your table.

o

Under the Field Name column, enter the categories of your table.
- 30 -

4. Under Data Type column, enter the type you want for you categories.

The attribute of a variable or field that determines what kind of data it can hold. For example, in a Microsoft Access database, the Text and Memo field data types allow the field to store either text or numbers, but the Number data type will allow the field to store numbers only. Number data type fields store numerical data that will be used in mathematical calculations. Use the Currency data type to display or calculate currency values. Other data types are Date/Time, Yes/No, Auto Number, and OLE object (Picture).

Under the Description column, enter the text that describes what you field is. (This field is optional).

Entering Data

Click on the Datasheet View and simply start "chugging" away by entering the data into each field. NOTE: Before starting a new record, the Soc Sec # field must have something in it, because it is the Primary Key. If you did not set a Primary Key then it is OK.

Manipulating Data

Adding a new row

o

Simply drop down to a new line and enter the information Simply select the record and field you want to update, and change its data with what you want

Updating a record
o

Deleting a record
o

Simply select the entire row and hit the Delete Key on the keyboard
- 31 -

Advanced Table Features w/Microsoft Access

Assigning a field a specific set of characters

o

Example) Making a Social Security Number only allows 9 characters. 1. Switch to Design View 2. Select the field you want to alter 3. At the bottom select the General Tab
4. Select Field Size

5. Enter the number of characters you want this field to have

Formatting a field to look a specific way (HINT: You do not need to assign a field a specific set of characters if you do this)
o

Example) Formatting Phone Number w/ Area Code (xxx) xxxxxxx 1. Switch to Design View 2. Select the field you want to format 3. At the bottom select the General Tab
4. Select Input Mask Box and click on the ... button at the

right. 5. Select Phone Number option 6. Click on Next

7. Leave !(999) 000-0000 the way it is. This is a default.

8. Click Next 9. Select which option you want it to look like 10.Click Next 11.Click Finish
- 32 -

Selecting a value from a dropdown box with a set of values that you assign to it. This saves you from typing it in each time
o

Example)Choosing a city that is either Auburn, Bay City, Flint, Midland, or Saginaw 1. Switch to Design View 2. Select the field you want to alter (City) 3. At the bottom select the Lookup Tab
4. In the Display Control box, select Combo Box 5. Under Row Source Type, select Value List 6. Under Row Source, enter the values how you want them

displayed, separated by a column. (Auburn, Bay City, Flint, Midland, Saginaw)

NOTE:This will not alphabetize them for you, so you will have to do that yourself. It should look something like this:

7. Select in the datasheet view and you should see the change when you go to the city field.

- 33 -

STEPS FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT We need to go these steps then we write a program for any problem. 1. Understanding the problem, user requirements and database design. 2. Putting down the flow of the program. 3. Putting down the program and enter it in the program file. 4. Sample run of the program. 5. Debugging and modifications of the program if step 4 is not successful.

- 34 -

OUTPUT

- 35 -

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS: 1. VB 6 in 21 days by sams publication 2. Developing desktop application using VB 6 3. Guide to Visual Basic 6 by peter Narton 4. Visual basic 6 Unleashed by sams publication 5. Mastering database programming with Visual Basic 6 by Evangelos petrouts. WEBSITES.
1. WWW.VISUALBASIC.ABOUT.COM 2. WWW.VEBXPLORER.COM 3. WWW.VBEITY.COM 4. WWW.VEBCODE.COM

- 36 -