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Wireless network

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Jump to: navigation, search Wireless network refer to any type of computer network that is not connected by cables of any kind. It is a method by which telecommunications networks and enterprise (business), installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into to a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations.[1] Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using a transmission system called radio waves. This implementation takes place at the physical level, (layer), of the network structure.[2]

Contents
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1 Types of wireless connections o 1.1 Wireless PAN o 1.2 Wireless LAN o 1.3 Wireless MAN o 1.4 Wireless WAN o 1.5 Mobile devices networks 2 Uses o 2.1 General o 2.2 Performance o 2.3 Space o 2.4 Business o 2.5 Home 3 Environmental concerns and health hazard 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links

[edit] Types of wireless connections


[edit] Wireless PAN
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) interconnect devices within a relatively small area, generally within a person's reach. For example, both Bluetooth radio and invisible Infrared light provides a WPAN for interconnecting a headset to a laptop. ZigBee also supports WPAN applications.[3] Wi-Fi PANs are becoming commonplace (2010) as equipment designers start to

integrate Wi-Fi into a variety of consumer electronic devices. Intel "My WiFi" and Windows 7 "virtual Wi-Fi" capabilities have made Wi-Fi PANs simpler and easier to set up and configure.[4]

[edit] Wireless LAN


Main article: Wireless LAN A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using a wireless distribution method, providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. The use of spreadspectrum or OFDM technologies also gives users the mobility to move around within a local coverage area, and still remain connected to the network.

Wi-Fi: "Wi-Fi" is a term used to describe 802.11 WLANs, although it is technically a declared standard of interoperability between 802.11 devices. Fixed Wireless Data: This implements point to point links between computers or networks at two distant locations, often using dedicated microwave or modulated laser light beams over line of sight paths. It is often used in cities to connect networks in two or more buildings without installing a wired link.

[edit] Wireless MAN


Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks are a type of wireless network that connects several Wireless LANs.

WiMAX is a type of Wireless MAN and is described by the IEEE 802.16 standard.[5]

[edit] Wireless WAN


Wireless wide area networks are wireless networks that typically cover large areas, such as between neighboring towns and cities, or city and suburb. These networks can be used to connect branch offices of business or as a public internet access system. The wireless connections between access points are usually point to point microwave links using parabolic dishes on the 2.4 GHz band, rather than omnidirectional antennas used with smaller networks. A typical system contains base station gateways, access points and wireless bridging relays. Other configurations are mesh systems where each access point acts as a relay also. When combined with renewable energy systems such as photo-voltaic solar panels or wind systems they can be stand alone systems.

[edit] Mobile devices networks


Further information: mobile telecommunications With the development of smart phones, cellular telephone networks routinely carry data in addition to telephone conversations:

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system, the base station system, and the operation and support system. The cell phone connects to the base system station which then connects to the operation and support station; it then connects to the switching station where the call is transferred to where it needs to go. GSM is the most common standard and is used for a majority of cell phones.[6] Personal Communications Service (PCS): PCS is a radio band that can be used by mobile phones in North America and South Asia. Sprint happened to be the first service to set up a PCS. D-AMPS: Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service, an upgraded version of AMPS, is being phased out due to advancement in technology. The newer GSM networks are replacing the older system.

[edit] Uses
Wireless networks continue to develop, usage has grown in 2010. Some examples of usage include Cellular phones which are part of everyday wireless networks, allowing easy personal communications. Another example, Inter-continental network systems, use radio satellites to communicate across the world. Emergency services such as the police utilize wireless networks to communicate effectively as well. Individuals and businesses use wireless networks to send and share data rapidly, whether it be in a small office building or across the world.

[edit] General
In a general sense, wireless networks offer a vast variety of uses that are transmitted through different forms of media commonly used by both business and home networks.[7] Highlighted in this section are some of the more profound and obvious uses of wireless networks: Performance, Space, Business, and Home. These highlighted uses are in no particular order and vary in importance depending on the purpose of the wireless network that is being utilized. In regards to the versatility of uses for wireless networks, author Tamara Dean describe it best in her textbook Network+ Guide to Networks, Fifth Edition,[8]

Now, the industry accepts a handful of different wireless technologies. Each wireless technology is defined by a standard that describes unique functions at both the Physical and the Data Link layers of the OSI Model. These standards differ in their specified signaling methods, geographic ranges, and frequency usages, among other things. Such differences can make certain technologies better suited to home networks and others better suited to network larger organizations.

[edit] Performance

In the figure to the right,[9] notice how each standard varies in geographical range, thus making one standard more ideal than the next depending on what it is you are trying to accomplish with your wireless network. Wireless networks take advantage of higher bandwidth technologies to support high-speed access of the World Wide Web whether it be for home users steaming videos via their web browsers or large corporations supporting multiple mobile applications.[10] The performance of Wireless networks satisfies a variety of applications such as Voice and Video to name a few high-end functions. The use of this technology also gives room for future expansions if needed. As wireless networking has become common place, sophistication has increased through configuration of network hardware and software.[11] These configurations allow for home and business users to setup their networks according to their specific needs, whether that be for maximum throughput or maximum security.

[edit] Space
Space is just as important a characteristic of wireless networking uses as any of the others mentioned in this section. Wireless networks offer many advantages when it comes to difficultto-wire areas trying to communicate such as across a street or river, a wharehouse on the other side of the premise or buildings that are physically separated but operate as one.[12] Wireless networks allow for users to designate a certain space which the network will be able to communicate with other devices through that network.Space is also created in homes as a result of eliminating the clutters of wiring that once acquainted networking.[13] This techonology allows for an alternative to installing physical network mediums such as TPs, coaxes, Fiber-optics, etc. which can also be extremely expensive for large corporations.

[edit] Business
Organizational end users are continuing to integrate wireless LANs into corporate information systems to support a broader base of applications.[14] These uses of wireless networking are now

seen as practical and cost effective for companies to compete in a global market. Wireless technologies are applicable to all industries, especially for those that stress immediate processing. These industries are finding creative and innovating ways to place portable computers in industry workes that are hands on such as doctors, nurses, warehouse clerks, inspectors, claims adjustors, real estate agents, and so on.[15] By using wireless technology, businesses are able to couple portable devices with a database and specific applications which in turn meet mobility needs.[16] Ultimately this eliminates paper work, decreases errors, reduces process cost, and improves efficiency which are all pluses in today's economical climate.[17]

[edit] Home
For homeowners, wireless technology is an effective option as compared to ethernet for sharing printers, scanners, and high speed internet connections. WLANs help save from the cost of installation of cable mediums, save time from physical installation, and also creates mobility for devices connected to the network.[18] Wireless networks can make multi-tasking at home much more convenient or relaxing once the network has been setup and configured to your liking. The best advantage of WLANs is that they are simple and require one single access point connected directly to the internet via a router.[19] Once a machine or device is connected to your wireless network you can access the World Wide Web from anywhere in the house within the router's range.

[edit] Environmental concerns and health hazard


This section requires expansion. Starting around 2009, there have been increased concerns about the safety of wireless communications, despite little evidence of health risks so far.[20] The president of Lakehead University refused to agree to installation of a wireless network citing a California Public Utilities Commission study which said that the possible risk of tumors and other diseases due to exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) needs to be further investigated.[21]

[edit] See also


Exposed terminal problem Physical layer Public Safety Network Wireless community network Wireless access point Wireless LAN client comparison

[edit] References

1. ^ "Overview of Wireless Communications". cambridge.org. http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521837162&ss=exc. Retrieved 2008-02-08. 2. ^ "Getting to Know Wireless Networks and Technology". informit.com. http://www.informit.com/articles/printerfriendly.aspx?p=98132. Retrieved 2008-02-08. 3. ^ "Wireless Network Industry Report". http://www.wirelessnets.com/resources/downloads/wireless_industry_report_2007.html. Retrieved 2008-07-08. 4. ^ "Wi-Fi Personal Area Networks get a boost with Windows 7 and Intel My WiFi". http://www.informationweek.in/Software/10-04-27/WiFi_personal_area_networks_get_a_boost_with_Windows_7.aspx. Retrieved 2010-04-27. 5. ^ "Facts About WiMAX And Why Is It "The Future of Wireless Broadband"". http://www.techpluto.com/wimax-in-detail/. 6. ^ "GSM World statistics". GSM Association. 2010. http://www.gsmworld.com/newsroom/market-data/market_data_summary.htm. Retrieved 16 march 2011. 7. ^ Dean, Tamara (2010). Network+ Guide to Networks. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. 8. ^ Dean, Tamara (2010). Network+ Guide to Networks. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. 9. ^ Dean, Tamara (2010). Network+ Guide to Networks. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. 10. ^ "Wireless LAN Technologies". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wireless-lanapplications.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 11. ^ "Wireless LAN Technologies". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wireless-lanapplications.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 12. ^ "Wireless LAN Technologies". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wireless-lanapplications.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 13. ^ "WLAN Benefits". http://www.wireless-center.net/Cisco-Wireless-Networking/726.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 14. ^ "Wireless LAN Technologies". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wireless-lanapplications.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 15. ^ "Wireless LAN Technologies". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wireless-lanapplications.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 16. ^ "Wireless LAN Technologies". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wireless-lanapplications.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 17. ^ "Wireless LAN Technologies". http://sourcedaddy.com/networking/wireless-lanapplications.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 18. ^ "WLAN Benefits". http://www.wireless-center.net/Cisco-Wireless-Networking/726.html. Retrieved 5/12/2011. 19. ^ Dean, Tamara (2010). Network+ Guide to Networks. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. 20. ^ Lean, Geoffrey (2007-04-22). "Wi-Fi: Children at risk from 'electronic smog'". London: news.independent.co.uk. http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/health_medical/article2472133.ece. Retrieved 2008-02-08. 21. ^ "Canadian university says no to WiFi over health concerns". arstechnica.com. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060222-6235.html. Retrieved 2008-02-08.

[edit] Further reading

Wireless Networking in the Developing World: A practical guide to planning and building low-cost telecommunications infrastructure (2nd ed.). Hacker Friendly LLC. 2007. p. 425. http://wndw.net/pdf/wndw2-en/wndw2-ebook.pdf. Geier, Jim (2001). Wireless LANs. Sams;. ISBN 0672320584.

Goldsmith, Andrea (2005). Wireless Communications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521837162. Molisch, Andreas (2005). Wireless Communications. Wiley-IEEE Press. ISBN 047084888X. Rappaport, Theodore (2002). Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0130422320. Rhoton, John (2001). The Wireless Internet Explained. Digital Press. ISBN 1555582575. Tse, David; Viswanath, Pramod (2005). Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521845270.

[edit] External links


Wireless at the Open Directory Project Internet Protocol Journal article on Wireless Data Networks

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network" Categories: Wireless networking Hidden categories: Articles to be expanded from May 2011 | All articles to be expanded
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