Chapter 8: Electronic and Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

8.1 Radio Waves 1. Waves are generated by forces that cause ________________or ______________to a system and transfer _________from one point to another point. There are two types of waves, namely: a) _______________waves which generated by vibrations or oscillations of particles or objects and require medium to travel in. b) _______________waves are generated by simultaneous oscillations of electric and magnetic fields and do not require medium to travel in. 2. Figure below shows a wave pattern.

3. _____________ is the number of waves generated per unit time or number of crests or troughs passing through a particular point in one second. Unit for frequency is _________(Hz) and its symbol is f.

4. Wave velocity is the distance traveled by a ________per unit _______. It is measured in metres per second and the symbol is v. 5. The complete range of electromagnetic waves, arranged in order of their _____________and ___________, is known as __________________________ as diagram below: F igure 6. Radio waves have the ___________wavelength and useful in ______________to transmit sound and picture information over ______distances as below: Type of radio Frequency Uses wave Long 30kHz-300kHz - can travel easily in ________and ________ waves(LW) (low frequency) - suitable for underwater communication Medium 300kHz-3MHz - can travel through air and received by _________ waves(MW) (Moderate frequency) - used in amplitude modulated radio (AM) which is suitable for transmitting speeches and not music Short waves 3MHz-30MHz - can travel longer distance by reflection by __________ (SW) (High frequency) - suitable for AM radio Very high 30 MHz-300MHz - transmitting frequency modulated broadcasting (FM) which frequency is able to transmit stereo sound (VHF) - suitable for television broadcasting - travels in straight lines and can be hidden by __________or _______buildings Ultra high 300MHz-3 GHz - able to support many users simultaneously on the same frequency(UHF channel

) Microwaves 3GHz 30 GHz

- suitable for television, pagers and mobile telephone - transmission can be hidden by mountains or tall buildings - can travel through ionosphere to the __________ - used as live broadcasting and making long distance phone calls - used in radar and cooking Function To pick up all available radio waves with different frequencies within its range Works with a variable capacitor to form a ________circuit Works with a _________to form a tuning circuit. Its capacitance can be adjusted to change the frequency of the radio in order to match the frequency of the radio waves transmitted from the required station To act as a __________separating the a.f signals from amplified modulated r.f signals through demodulation To channel the _______of r.f carrier waves into the earth To ________the a.f signals before sending them to the loudspeaker or earphones Works with a __________to amplify the a.f signals To change the voltage of an alternating current

8.2 Radio communication 1. Electronic Symbol component Aerial Inductor Variable capacitor Diode Capacitor Transistor Resistor Transformer

2. The radio communication system is a ____________communication system and it is made up of the transmission system and the receiver system. Figure below shows the transmission process in the radio communication system Figure 3. There are two types of modulation, namely amplitude modulation(AM) and frequency modulation(FM) as figure below: Figure 4. Figure below shows the transmission process in the radio receiver system Figure 8.3 Satellite communication 1. A satellite is a special wireless ___________and ___________. 2. ________________satellites are satellites that _________ around the earth but appear to be stationery; this is because they revolve same speed as the Earths spin and three geostationary satellites needed for worldwide coverage. 3. ________________satellites make use of ______________as they can penetrate the _________of the atmosphere. In this satellites, the dish-like aerial at a ________sends signal to the satellite using radio waves or microwaves. ___________energy generated at the satellite (using solar energy) is used to amplify

these signals before they are transmitted back to the earth. The returns signals are received by another dishlike aerial of other ground stations. 4. The main purpose of communication satellite is for radio and television broadcasting, fax, telephone, internet, teleconferencing and weather forecasting. 5. Advantage Description Unlimited coverage Provide wide coverage even to the remotest area, deep inside the jungles or anywhere in the world Effective - least interference and disturbance - microwaves are not blocked by mountains or tall buildings, hence coverage are simultaneous - Less costly to set up, maintain and operate - more reliable with lower risks Multicasting Can deliver messages simultaneously to unlimited end users in various places Ability to support a Sing le satellite can provide voice messages, fax, data and internet connections wide range of devices and applications 6. Type of satellite Scientific satellite Weather satellite Navigation satellite Military satellite Remote sensing and geophysics satellites Benefit by ICT More opportunities for education Better health Protecting and managing our environment More efficient use of resources Business and banking system Uses For astronomical observations To monitor weather and climate of the Earth and provide storm warning, flood and forest prediction Used in cars, ship and aircraft for navigation and tracking devices in wildlife management Provide protection by detecting intruders and gathering intelligence For sensing imminent disasters, how crops growing, spillage of oil or chemicals and directing fishermen to the best fishing spot. Example E-learning, distance learning and lectures using teleconferencing Doctors exchange opinions on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases - Monitors human activities or natural resource extractions to ensure the sustainability of the natural resources - helps battle against pollution through early detection of oil spillage - Detects climate changes and imminent disasters - Farmers can access Web on protect their crops - fishermen can check the weather forecast and condition of sea - plant diseases can be detected from photographs taken from the space - record, store and distribute world stock market prices and trading - transaction via banks can be done online