_ Handbook of Pediatric Dentistry Elica by ACameron * RWidmerere Forewords Preface Acknowledgements tof contributors 13 Child management History 13 Examination 15 Special examinations 15 Definitive diagnosis 18 Assessment of risk 18 Treatment plan 19 Non pharmacological behaviour management 20 Referring for possible mental health evaluation and care 27 Pharmacolagical behaviour management 29 General anaesthesia 31 Ward instructions 36 References 36 Further reading 37 39 Fluoride modal Ss troduction 38 Mechanisms of action of fluoride 39 Community water fluoridation 40 Dental fluorosis 41 Topical fiuorides 44 Systemic fluorides 47 Considerations in fluoride therapy for infants and children 48 Recomm Fluoride toxicity 50 Referens on 49 les for topical fluoridat 53 55 Dental caries and restorative paediatric dentistry Dental caries 55 Preventing dental caries 56 Determining patients tisk of dental caries 57 Restorative materials 61 Restoration of primary dentition 68 Restoration of primary anterior teeth 64 Restoration of primary posterior teeth 66 Management of nursing es 72 Management of occlusal caries in permanent teeth 73 Indications for the use of materials in paediatric dentistry 78 References 80 83 Pulp therapy for primary teeth Introduction 88 Factors influencing the decision to re Yy 83 Pulpal treatment options 84 The controver icaments 85 Pulpotomy procedures 85 Pulpectory procedures 88 Clinical problems with pulpally involved ary teeth 90 Pulp therapy for young permanent molars 91 8 94Contents 95 Trauma management Introduction 95 Aetiology 95 History 97 Examination 88 Investigations 101 Other considerations in trauma management 102 Maxillofacial injuries 103 jae of fractures of the jaw 107 uxations in the primary dentition 108 Fractures of 1 110 Sequelae after trauma to primary teeth 113 nt incisors 114 Roo! primary i Crown and root fractures of pe ractures 120 Crown/root 122 Luxations in the permanen fentition 125 Avulsion ot permanent teeth 129 Complications in nent of avulsed teeth 132 Bleaching of non-vital oft-tissue injuries 134 Prevention 139 References 139 141 acture ndodontic ma ncisors 134 § urther readit 143 Oral pathology Introduction 148 Orofacial infections 148 Ulcerative and vesiculobullous lesions 150 Pigmented, vascular and erythematous lesions 187 Epulides and exophytic lesions 162 Gingival enlargement rgrowth) 164 Premature exfoliation of primary y in the newborn infant 172 Disea erences 177 Further reading 178 teeth 165 Orai path salivary glands 173 Re 179 Dental anomalies Introduction 179 Considerations in the n anomalies 179 Dental anomalies at different stages development 179 Oligodontia 181 Disorders of proliferation 186 Abnormalities of morphology 190 Developmental defects of enamel 196 Amelogenesis impertecta 201 Disorders of dentine 208 Dental effects of prematurity and low birthweight 212 Disorders o eruption 214 Loss of tooth structure 217 References 219 Further reading 220 gement of dental f toot! 221 Medically compromised children introduction 221 Congenital cai 2 221 Bleedin: Jisorders 226 Coagulation disorders 227 Red-cell disorders 282 immunodeficiency 284 HIV infection and AIDS 287 Paediatric cology 240 Renal disease 247 Liver disease 249 Orga ransplantation 251 Endocrinopathies 253 Neurological disease 259 260 Other patients with special needs 261 262 References 265 Further reading 266 Jiac dis Aespiratory di Genetic dise: