Tre lerr aul|sr speclrur |s oller used lo descr|oe d|sorders lral are currerl|y

c|ass|l|ed as pervas|ve deve|oprerla| d|sorders. Pervas|ve deve|oprerla| d|sorders

|rc|ude Aul|sl|c 0|sorder, Asperger's 0|sorder, Cr||drood 0|s|rlegral|ve 0|sorder, Rell's
0|sorder ard Pervas|ve 0eve|oprerl 0|sorder Nol 0lrerW|se 3pec|l|ed [1| Trese
d|sorders are lyp|ca||y craracler|zed oy soc|a| del|c|ls, corrur|cal|or d|ll|cu|l|es,
slereolyped or repel|l|ve oerav|ors ard |rleresls, ard/or cogr|l|ve de|ays. A|lrougr lrese
d|agroses srare sore corror lealures, |rd|v|dua|s W|lr lrese d|sorders are lrougrl lo
oe 'or lre speclrur oecause ol d|llererces |r sever|ly across lrese dora|rs.

Pervas|ve deve|oprerla| d|sorder or aul|sr speclrur d|sorders |rc|ude:
1.Aul|sl|c 0|sorder
2.Asperger's 0|sorder
3.Cr||drood 0|s|rlegral|ve 0|sorder
1.Rell's 0|sorder (or Rell 3yrdrore)
5.Pervas|ve 0eve|oprerla| 0|sorder Nol 0lrerW|se 3pec|l|ed
Aul|sl|c 0|sorder |s craracler|zed oy de|ays or aororra| lurcl|or|rg oelore lre age ol 3 |r
ore or rore ol lre lo||oW|rg dora|rs: 1) soc|a| |rleracl|or, 2) corrur|cal|or, ard 3)
reslr|cled, repel|l|ve ard slereolyped pallerrs ol oerav|or, |rleresls ard acl|v|l|es [1|.
3oc|a| |rpa|rrerls are rar|ed oy poor use ol rorveroa| corrur|cal|or, d|ll|cu|ly |r peer
re|al|ors, |ac| ol soc|a|-erol|ora| rec|proc|ly ard a |ac| ol srared erjoyrerl.
Corrur|cal|or del|c|ls ray |rc|ude la||ure lo deve|op speecr, use ol slereolyped or
de|ayed ecro|a||a, ard d|ll|cu|l|es ra|rla|r|rg corversal|ors. 3oc|a| ard corrur|cal|or
|rpa|rrerls ray a|so resu|l |r a |ac| ol syroo||c or |rag|ral|ve p|ay. Reslr|cled ard
repel|l|ve oerav|ors ray |rc|ude urusua| preoccupal|ors W|lr rarroW |rleresls, |rl|ex|o|||ly
lo rorlurcl|ora| roul|res, slereolyped ard repel|l|ve rarrer|srs ard preoccupal|ors W|lr
parls ol oojecl|ors.
Asperger's 0|sorder car oe d|sl|rgu|sred lror Aul|sl|c 0|sorder oy lre |ac| ol de|ay or
dev|arce |r ear|y |arguage deve|oprerl [1|. Add|l|ora||y, |rd|v|dua|s W|lr Asperger's
0|sorder do rol rave s|gr|l|carl cogr|l|ve de|ays. lrd|v|dua|s W|lr Asperger's 0|sorder
lyp|ca||y derorslrale oosess|ve |rleresl |r a s|rg|e lop|c or acl|v|ly. 0lrer syrplors
|rc|ude: repel|l|ve roul|res or r|lua|s, pecu||ar|l|es |r speecr ard |arguage, |rappropr|ale
allecl or soc|a| oerav|or, proo|ers W|lr ror-veroa| corrur|cal|or ard c|ursy or
urcoord|raled rolor rovererls [2| As a resu|l ol lrese d|ll|cu|l|es, |rd|v|dua|s W|lr
Asperger's 0|sorder oller rave cra||erges |rleracl|rg W|lr lre|r peers.
ur|||e Aul|sl|c 0|sorder ard Asperger's 0|sorder, Cr||drood 0|s|rlegral|ve 0|sorder |s
craracler|zed oy s|gr|l|carl regress|or or |oss ol lurcl|or|rg lo||oW|rg al |easl 2 years ol
lyp|ca| deve|oprerl [1|. A cr||d Wro |s allecled W|lr lr|s cord|l|or ray |ose
corrur|cal|or s||||s, rorveroa| oerav|ors, rolor lurcl|or|rg, or s||||s lral rave a|ready
oeer |earred (|.e., loy p|ay)[3| .
Rell's d|sorder (or Rell 3yrdrore) appears or|y |r lera|es ard |s craracler|zed oy
ru|l|p|e del|c|ls lo||oW|rg a per|od ol rorra| lurcl|or|rg aller o|rlr [1|. Al orsel, Rell's
0|sorder |s craracler|zed oy dece|eral|or ol read groWlr, |oss ol purposelu| rard s||||s,
|oss ol soc|a| ergagererl ard |arguage, ard poor prys|ca| coord|ral|or.
Pervas|ve 0eve|oprerla| 0|sorder Nol 0lrerW|se 3pec|l|ed (P00-N03) |s lrougrl as
suolrresro|d aul|sr or alyp|ca| aul|sr oecause |l |s oller craracler|zed oy r||der
syrplors ol aul|sr or syrplors |r or|y ore dora|r (e.g., soc|a| d|ll|cu|l|es)[1| . Ar
|rd|v|dua| W|lr P00-N03 ray derorslrale pervas|ve del|c|ls |r lre deve|oprerl ol
rec|proca| soc|a| |rleracl|or or slereolyped oerav|ors, oul does rol reel lre cr|ler|a lor a
spec|l|c pervas|ve deve|oprerla| d|sorder or olrer psycro|og|ca| d|sorders (e.g.,
3cr|zoprrer|a or Avo|darl Persora||ly 0|sorder) [1|.


Tab|e 1: Ear|y 8ymptoms of Aut|sm[11|
8oc|a| behav|or Typ|ca||y deve|ops ehav|or |n ch||dren w|th aut|sm compared to typ|ca||y de
Loo||rg al laces 8|rlr Less al 12 rorlrs
Fo||oW|rg persor's gaze -9 rorlrs Less al 18 rorlrs
Turr|rg Wrer rare ca||ed -9 rorlrs Less al 9 ard 12 rorlrs
3roW|rg oojecls lo olrers 9-12 rorlrs Less al 12 rorlrs
Po|rl|rg al |rleresl|rg oojecls 9-12 rorlrs Less al 12 rorlrs ard 18 rorlrs
Po|rl|rg lo requesl 9-12 rorlrs Nol de|ayed al 18 rorlrs
3yroo||c p|ay 11 rorlrs Aoserl al 18 rorlrs
[ed|l|

Cororo|d|ly W|lr Aul|sr 3peclrur 0|sorders

Aul|sr speclrur d|sorders lerd lo oe r|gr|y cororo|d W|lr olrer d|sorders. Cororo|d|ly ray
|rcrease W|lr age ard ray Worser lre course ol youlr W|lr A30's ard ra|e
|rlerverl|or/lrealrerl rore d|ll|cu|l[1Z|. 0|sl|rgu|sr|rg oelWeer A30's ard olrer d|agroses car oe
cra||erg|rg oecause lre lra|ls ol A30's oller over|ap W|lr syrplors ol olrer d|sorders ard lre
craracler|sl|cs ol A30's ra|e lrad|l|ora| d|agrosl|c procedures d|ll|cu|l[18|. lr sp|le ol lrese
d|ll|cu|l|es, cororo|d d|sorders are read||y |derl|l|ed ard lerd lo la|| |rlo s|x calegor|es, red|ca|
cord|l|ors, |rle||eclua| d|sao|||l|es, arx|ely d|sorders, rood d|sorders, oerav|or-re|aled d|sorders,
ard sersory process|rg d|sorders.
[ed|l|
ed|ca| 6ond|t|ons
A var|ely ol red|ca| cord|l|ors corror|y occur |r |rd|v|dua|s W|lr A30's. Tre rosl corror |s
se|zure d|sorder or ep||epsy, Wr|cr occurs |r 11-39 ol |rd|v|dua|s W|lr A30[19|. Typ|ca||y, orsel ol
ep||epsy occurs oelore age l|ve or dur|rg puoerly[20|, ard |s rore corror |r lera|es ard
|rd|v|dua|s Wro a|so rave cororo|d rerla| relardal|or. T|c d|sorder |s arolrer corror red|ca|
cord|l|or seer |r |rd|v|dua|s W|lr A30's. wr||e or|y aooul .5 ol |rd|v|dua|s W|lr ar A30 rave
lu|| o|oWr Tourelle syrdrore, rear|y 30 sroW sore lorr ol l|cs[21|. Tuoerous sc|eros|s, a
red|ca| cord|l|or |r Wr|cr ror-ra||grarl lurors groW |r lre ora|r ard or olrer v|la| orgars,
occurs |r 1-1 ol |rd|v|dua|s W|lr A30's[22|. 3|eep d|sorders are a|so corror|y reporled oy
parerls ol cr||drer W|lr A30's, |rc|ud|rg |ale s|eep orsel, ear|y rorr|rg aWa|er|rg, ard poor
s|eep ra|rlerarce[20|.
[ed|l|
nte||ectua| 0|sab|||t|es
lrle||eclua| d|sao|||l|es are sore ol lre rosl corror cororo|d d|sorders W|lr A30's. Recerl
esl|rales suggesl lral 10-9 ol |rd|v|dua|s W|lr A30 rave sore degree ol rerla|
relardal|or[11|, W|lr lera|es rore |||e|y lo oe |r severe rarge ol rerla| relardal|or. Learr|rg
d|sao|||l|es are a|so r|gr|y cororo|d |r |rd|v|dua|s W|lr ar A30. Approx|rale|y 25-Z5 ol
|rd|v|dua|s W|lr ar A30 a|so rave sore degree ol |earr|rg d|sao|||ly[23|, a|lrougr lre lypes ol
|earr|rg d|sao|||ly vary deperd|rg or lre spec|l|c slrerglrs ard Wea|resses ol lre |rd|v|dua|.
[ed|l|
Anx|ety 0|sorders
A var|ely ol arx|ely d|sorders lerd lo co-occur W|lr aul|sr speclrur d|sorders, W|lr overa||
cororo|d|ly rales ol Z-81[11|. 3pec|l|c proo|a |s lre rosl corror cororo|d cord|l|or over lre
||lel|re lor lrose W|lr A30, W|lr cororo|d|ly rales ol 38-3[1Z|. Corror proo|as lor cr||drer
W|lr A30 |rc|ude lre lear ol cerla|r p|aces or s|lual|ors, lre lear ol red|ca||y re|aled peop|e,
p|aces, or lr|rgs, ard lre lear ol |oud ro|ses[21|. 0osess|ve-corpu|s|ve d|sorder (0C0) occurs |r
11-35 ol |rd|v|dua|s W|lr A30, W|lr rear|y 1-81 sroW|rg lealures ol lre d|sorder W|lroul a lu||
d|agros|s. wr||e |rd|v|dua|s W|lr A30 exr|o|l r|g|d lr|r||rg ard corpu|s|ors, s|r||ar lo 0C0, lre
repel|l|ve oerav|ors d|sp|ayed |r A30 (|.e., l|app|rg, sp|rr|rg, repeal|rg prrases) are d|sl|rcl ard
serve a|lerrale lurcl|ors lrar lre repel|l|ve oerav|ors d|sp|ayed |r 0C0 (|.e., crec||rg, c|ear|rg,
courl|rg)[1Z|. 3oc|a| Proo|a or 3oc|a| Arx|ely 0|sorder |s seer |r approx|rale|y Z.1 ol |rd|v|dua|s
W|lr A30, oul |s rore corror |r r|grer-lurcl|or|rg |rd|v|dua|s Wro rave a des|re lor soc|a|
|rleracl|ors, oul are a|so aWare ol lre|r soc|a| del|c|ls[1Z|.
[ed|l|
ood 0|sorders
Rales ol cororo|d depress|or |r |rd|v|dua|s W|lr ar A30 rarge lror 1-58[25|. Tre preserlal|or
ol depress|or |r A30's car deperd or |eve| ol cogr|l|ve lurcl|or|rg, W|lr |oWer lurcl|or|rg cr||drer
d|sp|ay|rg rore oerav|or |ssues ard r|grer lurcl|or|rg cr||drer d|sp|ay|rg rore lrad|l|ora|
depress|ve syrplors[18|. 0epress|or |s lrougrl lo deve|op ard occur rore |r r|gr-lurcl|or|rg
|rd|v|dua|s dur|rg ado|escerce, Wrer lrey deve|op grealer |rs|grl |rlo lre|r d|llererces lror
olrers[11|. 8|po|ar 0|sorder ray a|so oe cororo|d W|lr ar A30, a|lrougr |l |s lar |ess corror lrar
rary olrer d|sorders. Rales ol cororo|d|ly vary greal|y, oul lerd lo oe arourd 2-8[21|.
[ed|l|
ehav|or-re|ated 0|sorders
0el|c|ls |r A30 are oller ||r|ed lo oerav|or proo|ers, sucr as d|ll|cu|l|es lo||oW|rg d|recl|ors, oe|rg
cooperal|ve, ard do|rg lr|rgs or olrer peop|e's lerrs. Trese oerav|or proo|ers are a|so
craracler|sl|c ol 0ppos|l|ora| 0el|arl 0|sorder (000) ard Corducl 0|sorder (C0), oul lre reasors
lor lre oerav|ors oller d|ller[21|. For lr|s reasor, cororo|d|ly rales ol 000 ard C0 rarge lror
Z[21| lo Z3[1Z|. Allerl|or 0el|c|l lyperacl|v|ly 0|sorder (A0l0) ras A30 cororo|d|ly rales ol
30-80; roWever, currerl d|agrosl|c gu|de||res preverl d|agros|rg A0l0 a|org W|lr A30[21|.
Ralrer, A0l0-|||e syrplors are seer lo oe parl ol lre A30 d|agros|s[2|.
[ed|l|
8ensory Process|ng 0|sorders
3ersory process|rg d|sorder |s a|so cororo|d W|lr A30, W|lr cororo|d|ly rales ol 12-88[2Z|.
Trree pallerrs ol sersory process|rg d|ll|cu|l|es are corror|y seer, ryperrespors|veress
(oerav|ora| over-reacl|v|ly lo sersory sl|ru||), ryporespors|veress (oerav|ora| urder-reacl|v|ly lo
sersory sl|ru||), ard sersory-see||rg (crav|rg or lasc|ral|or W|lr cerla|r sl|ru||). Trese pallerrs
ol process|rg d|ll|cu|l|es ray oe preserl W|lr aud|lory, v|sua|, or lacl||e sl|ru||[28|.