Mechanlcal Lnglneerlng ML 2302 u?nAMlCS Cl MACPlnL8? (8egulaLlon 2008)
1lme 1hree hours Maxlmum 100 Marks Answer ALL quesLlons A81 A (10 2 20 Marks)
1 ulsLlngulsh beLween crank efforL and plsLon efforL 2 ueflne coefflclenL of flucLuaLlon of energy 3 When ls a sysLem sald Lo be compleLely balanced? 4 name Lhe efforLs caused by Lhe unbalanced prlmary force acLlng along Lhe llne of sLroke due Lo parLlal balanclng of locomoLlves 3 name Lhe Lypes of moLlon exhlblLed by crlLlcally damped or over damped vlbraLlng sysLems 6 ueflne logarlLhmlc decremenL 7 ueflne Lransmlsslble 8 When does resonance Lake place ln a sysLem? 9 When ls a governor sald Lo be lsochronous? 10 When ls a governor sald Lo be sLable?
A81 8 (3 16 80 Marks)
11 (a) 1he lengLhs of crank and connecLlng rod of horlzonLal sLeam englne are 300 mm and 12 m respecLlvely When Lhe crank has moved 30 from Lhe lnner dead cenLer Lhe acceleraLlon of plsLon ls 33 m/s2 1he average frlcLlonal reslsLance Lo Lhe moLlon of plsLon ls equlvalenL Lo a force of 330 n and neL effecLlve sLeam pressure on plsLon ls 300 kn/m2 1he dlameLer of plsLon ls 03 m and mass of reclprocaLlng parLs ls 160 kg ueLermlne (l) 8eacLlon on Lhe crosshead guldes (ll) 1hrusL on Lhe crankshafL bearlngs and (lll) 1orque on Lhe crank shafL Marks 16 Cr (b) 1he Lorque dellvered by LwosLroke englne ls represenLed by 1 (1000 + 300 sln 2? 300 cos 2? ) nm Where ? ls Lhe angle Lurned by Lhe crank from Lhe lnnerdead cenLer 1he englne speed ls 230 rpm 1he mass of Lhe flywheel ls 400 kg and radlus of gyraLlon 400 mm ueLermlne (l) Lhe power developed (ll) Lhe LoLal percenLage flucLuaLlon of speed (lll) Lhe angular acceleraLlon of flywheel when Lhe crank has roLaLed Lhrough an angle of 60 from Lhe lnnerdead cenLer and (lv) Lhe maxlmum angular acceleraLlon and reLardaLlon of Lhe flywheel Marks 16
12 (a) A shafL carrles four roLaLlng masses A 8 C and u ln Lhls order along lLs axls 1he mass of 8 C and u are 30 kg 30 kg and 40 kg respecLlvely 1he planes conLalnlng 8 and C are 30 cm aparL 1he angular spaclng of Lhe planes conLalnlng C and u are 90 and 210 respecLlvely relaLlve Lo 8 measured ln Lhe same sense lf Lhe shafL and masses are Lo be ln compleLe dynamlc balance flnd (l) Lhe mass and Lhe angular poslLlon of mass A and (ll) Lhe poslLlon of planes A and u Marks 16 Cr (b) 1he flrlng order ln a 6 cyllnder verLlcal four sLroke englne lnllne englne ls 142633 1he plsLon sLroke ls 100 mm and Lhe lengLh of each connecLlng rod ls 200 mm 1he plLch dlsLances beLween Lhe cyllnder cenLer llnes are 100 mm 100 mm 130 mm 100 mm and 100 mm respecLlvely 1he reclprocaLlng mass per cyllnder ls 1 kg and Lhe englne runs aL 3000 rpm ueLermlne Lhe ouLofbalance prlmary and secondary forces and couples on Lhls englne Laklng a plane mldway beLween Lhe cyllnder 3 and 4 as Lhe reference plane Marks 16
13 (a) ueLermlne (l) Lhe crlLlcal damplng coefflclenL (ll) Lhe damplng facLor (lll) Lhe naLural frequency of damped vlbraLlons (lv) Lhe logarlLhmlc decremenL and (v) Lhe raLlo of Lwo consecuLlve ampllLudes of a vlbraLlng sysLem whlch conslsLs of a mass of 23 kg a sprlng of sLlffness 13 kn/m and a damper 1he damplng provlded ls only 13 of Lhe crlLlcal value Marks 16 Cr (b) A shafL of lengLh 123 m ls 73 mm ln dlameLer for Lhe flrsL 273 mm of lengLh 123 mm ln dlameLer for Lhe nexL 300 mm lengLh 873 mm ln dlameLer for Lhe nexL 373 mm lengLh and 173 mm ln dlameLer for Lhe remalnlng 100 mm of lLs lengLh 1he shafL carrles Lwo roLors aL Lwo ends 1he mass momenL of lnerLla of Lhe flrsL roLor ls 73 kgm2 where as of Lhe second roLor ls 30 kgm2 llnd Lhe frequency of naLural Lorslonal vlbraLlons of Lhe sysLem 1he modulus of Lhe rlgldlLy of Lhe shafL maLerlal may be Laken as 80 Cn/m2 Marks 16
14 (a) A body havlng a mass of 13 kg ls suspended from a sprlng whlch deflecLs 12 mm under welghL of Lhe mass ueLermlne Lhe frequency of Lhe free vlbraLlons WhaL ls Lhe vlscous damplng force needed Lo make Lhe moLlon a perlodlc aL a speed of 1 mm/s? lf when damped Lo Lhls exLenL dlsLurblng force havlng a maxlmum value of 100 n and vlbraLlng aL 6 Pz ls made Lo acL on Lhe body deLermlne Lhe ampllLude of Lhe ulLlmaLe moLlon Marks 16 Cr (b) A machlne supporLed symmeLrlcally on four sprlngs has a mass of 80 kg 1he mass of Lhe reclprocaLlng parLs ls 22 kg whlch move Lhrough a verLlcal sLroke of 100 mm wlLh slmple harmonlc moLlon neglecLlng damplng deLermlne Lhe comblned sLlffness of Lhe sprlngs so LhaL Lhe force LransmlLLed Lo Lhe foundaLlon ls 1/20Lh of Lhe lmpressed force 1he machlne crankshafL roLaLes aL 800 rpm lf under acLual worklng condlLlons Lhe damplng reduces Lhe ampllLudes of successlve vlbraLlons by 30 flnd (l) Lhe force LransmlLLed Lo Lhe foundaLlon aL 800 rpm and (ll) Lhe force LransmlLLed Lo Lhe foundaLlon aL resonance Marks 16
13 (a) 1he Lurblne roLor of a shlp has a mass of 22 Lonnes and roLaLes aL 1800 rpm clockwlse when vlewed from Lhe afL 1he radlus of gyraLlon of Lhe roLor ls 320 mm ueLermlne Lhe gyroscoplc couple and lLs effecL when (l) 1he shlp Lurns rlghL aL a radlus of 230 m wlLh a speed of 23 km/h (ll) 1he shlp plLches wlLh Lhe bow rlslng aL an angular veloclLy of 08 rad/s and (lll) 1he shlp rolls aL an angular veloclLy of 01 rad/s Marks 16 Cr (b) 1he followlng parLlculars refer Lo a proell governor wlLh open arms LengLh of all arms 200 mm dlsLance of plvoL of arms from Lhe axls of roLaLlon 40 mm lengLh of exLenslon of lower arms Lo whlch each ball ls aLLached 100 mm mass of each ball 6kg and mass of Lhe cenLral load 130 kg lf Lhe radlus of roLaLlon of Lhe balls ls 180 mm when Lhe arms are lncllned aL an angle of 40 Lo Lhe axls of roLaLlon flnd Lhe equlllbrlum speed for Lhe above conflguraLlon Marks 16
Mechanlcal Lnglneerlng ML 2301 1PL8MAL LnClnLL8lnC (8egulaLlon 2008)
1lme 1hree hours Maxlmum 100 Marks Answer ALL quesLlons
A81 A (10 2 20 Marks)
1 Why ls CarnoL cycle noL used ln real appllcaLlons? 2 uraw Lhe v dlagram for a dual cycle 3 uraw Lhe valve Llmlng dlagram for a Cl englne 4 WhaL ls Lhe lndlcaLed power of four cyllnder englne lf 8 wlLh 4cyllnder worklng ls 1873 kW and 8 wlLh 3cyllnder worklng ls 1306 kW 3 WhaL are Lhe facLors reduclng Lhe flnal veloclLy of sLeam ln nozzle flow? 6 WhaL ls Lhe dlfference beLween lmpulse and reacLlon Lurblne? 7 Pow ls Lhe lnLer cooler used Lo reduce Lhe power consumpLlon of compressor? 8 LlsL Lhe advanLages of mulLlsLage compressor over slngle sLage compressor 9 WhaL ls dew polnL LemperaLure? 10 ueflne Lhe CC of refrlgeraLors
A81 8 (3 16 80 Marks)
11 (a) uerlve an expresslon for Lhe alr sLandard efflclency of ulesel cycle and Lhen deduce lL for mean effecLlve pressure Marks 16 Cr (b) A slx cyllnder four sLroke peLrol englne has a swepL volume of 300 cublc cm per cyllnder a compresslon raLlo of 10 and operaLes aL a speed of 33000 rpm lf Lhe englne ls requlred Lo develop an ouLpuL of 733 kW aL Lhls speed calculaLe Lhe cycle efflclency Lhe necessary raLe of heaL addlLlon Lhe mean effecLlve pressure maxlmum LemperaLure of Lhe cycle and efflclency raLlo 1he pressure and LemperaLure before ls enLroplc compresslon are 10 bar and 13C respecLlvely Lake Cv 072 and ? 14 Marks 16
12 (a) (l) Lxplaln Lhe worklng prlnclple of 4sLroke englne (Marks 8) (ll) WlLh a neaL dlagram explaln Lhe worklng of baLLery lgnlLlon sysLem (Marks 8) Cr (b) (l) uescrlbe Lhe worklng of ulesel fuel pump (Marks 8) (ll) Lxplaln Lhe pressure feed lubrlcaLlon sysLem wlLh a neaL dlagram (Marks 8)
13 (a) ln a sLeam nozzle Lhe sLeam expands from 4 bar Lo 1 bar 1he lnlLlal veloclLy ls 60 m/s and lnlLlal LemperaLure ls 200C ueLermlne Lhe exlL veloclLy lf Lhe nozzle efflclency ls 92 and Lhe dryness fracLlon aL exlL Marks 16 Cr (b) A slngle row lmpulse Lurblne develops 1324 kW aL a blade speed of 173 m/s uslng 2 kg of sLeam per sec SLeam leaves Lhe nozzle aL 400 m/s veloclLy coefflclenL of Lhe blade ls 09 SLeam leaves Lhe Lurblne blades axlally Assumlng no shock deLermlne Lhe nozzle angle blade angles aL enLry and exlL Marks 16
14 (a) A slngle acLlng 14 cm 10 cm reclprocaLlng compressor ls operaLlng aL 1 1 bar 11 20C 2 6 bar and 12 180C 1he speed of compressor ls 1200 rpm and shafL power ls 623 kW lf Lhe mass of alr dellvered ls 17 kg/mln calculaLe Lhe acLual volumeLrlc efflclency Lhe lndlcaLed power Lhe lsoLhermal efflclency Lhe mechanlcal efflclency and Lhe overall efflclency Marks 16 Cr (b) A slngle sLage reclprocaLlng alr compressor has clearance volume 3 of sLroke volume of 003 m3/sec 1he lnLake condlLlons are 93 kn/m2 300 k 1he dellvery pressure ls 720 kn/m2 ueLermlne Lhe volumeLrlc efflclency referred Lo (l) lnLake condlLlons (ll) aLmospherlc condlLlons of 100 kn/m2 and 290 k (lll) lAu and (lv) power requlred Lo drlve Lhe compressor lf Lhe raLlo of acLual Lo lndlcaLed power ls 13 1ake lndex of compresslon and expanslon as 13 Marks 16
13 (a) Cne kg of alr aL 33C u81 and 60 8P ls mlxed wlLh 2 kg of alr aL 20C u81 and 13C dew polnL LemperaLure CalculaLe Lhe vapour pressure and dew polnL LemperaLure of sLream one enLhalpy of boLh Lhe sLreams and speclflc humldlLy of Lhe mlxLure Marks 16
(b) 1he LemperaLure range ln a lreon12 planL ls 6C Lo 27C 1he compresslon ls ls enLroplc and Lhere ls no coollng of Lhe llquld llnd Lhe CC assumlng LhaL Lhe refrlgeranL (l) afLer compresslon ls dry and saLuraLed (ll) leavlng Lhe evaporaLor ls dry and saLuraLed 1he properLles of l12 are glven ln Lhe Lable
1 WhaL are Lhe facLors LhaL govern selecLlon of maLerlals whlle deslgnlng a machlne componenL? 2 WrlLe Soderberg equaLlon for a machlne componenL sub[ecLed Lo (a) ComblnaLlon of mean and varlable Lorques (b) ComblnaLlon of mean and varlable bendlng momenLs 3 WhaL do you mean by sLlffness and rlgldlLy wlLh reference Lo shafLs? 4 SuggesL sulLable coupllngs for (a) ShafL wlLh parallel mlsallgnmenL (b) ShafLs wlLh angular mlsallgnmenL of 10 (c) ShafLs ln perfecL allgnmenL 3 SLaLe Lhree condlLlons where Lap bolLs are used 6 WhaL are Lhe reasons of replaclng rlveLed [olnL by welded [olnL ln modern equlpmenL? 7 WhaL ls Lhe effecL of lncrease ln wlre dla on Lhe allowable sLress value? 8 WhaL Lype of sLresses ls produced ln a dlsc flywheel? 9 lor a [ournal bearlng Lhe maxlmum operaLlng LemperaLure musL be less Lhan 80C Why? 10 Why ls plsLon end of a connecLlng rod kepL smaller Lhan Lhe crank pln end?
A81 8 (3 16 80 Marks)
11 (a) A slmply supporLed beam has concenLraLed load aL Lhe cenLre whlch flucLuaLes a value from Lo 4 1he span of Lhe beam ls 300 mm and lLs cross secLlon ls clrcular wlLh a dlameLer of 60 mm 8eam maLerlal ls cold drawn 02 carbon sLeel CalculaLe Lhe maxlmum permlsslble value of for a facLor of safeLy of 13 8eam surface ls ground Cr (b) A medlum force flL on a 30 mm shafL requlres a hole Lolerance of 0023 mm and a shafL Lolerance of 0016 mm 1he maxlmum lnLerference ls Lo be 0042 mm Pow wlll you dlmenslon Lhe hole and Lhe shafL lf hole devlaLlon ls P?
12 (a) A Lransmlsslon shafL ls supporLed on Lwo bearlngs whlch are 1m aparL ower ls supplled Lo Lhe shafL by means of a flexlble coupllng whlch ls locaLed Lo Lhe lefL of lefL hand bearlng ower ls LransmlLLed from Lhe shafL by means of a belL pulley 230 mm dlameLer whlch ls locaLed aL a dlsLance of 300 mm from Lhe lefL hand bearlng 1he mass of Lhe pulley ls 20 kg and Lhe raLlo of belL Lenslon on LlghL and slack sldes ls 21 1he belL Lenslons acL verLlcally downward 1he shafL ls made of sLeel wlLh yleld sLress 300n/mm2 and Lhe facLor of safeLy ls 3 ueLermlne Lhe shafL dlameLer lf lL LransmlLs 10 kW power aL 360 rpm from Lhe coupllng Lo Lhe pulley Cr (b) ueslgn a rlgld Lype of flange coupllng Lo connecL Lwo shafLs 1he lnpuL shafL LransmlLs 373 kW power aL 180 rpm Lo Lhe ouLpuL shafL Lhrough Lhe coupllng 1he servlce facLor for Lhe appllcaLlon ls 13 SelecL sulLable maLerlal for varlous parLs of Lhe coupllng
13 (a) A sLeel plaLe sub[ecLed Lo a force of 3 kn and flxed Lo a channel by means of Lhree ldenLlcal bolLs ls shown ln llg 1 1he bolLs are made from plaln carbon sLeel 43C8 and Lhe facLor of safeLy ls 3 Speclfy Lhe slze of bolLs llgure 1 Cr (b) A brackeL carrylng a load of 20 kn ls Lo be welded as shown ln llgure 2 CalculaLe Lhe slze of Lhe weld lf Lhe worklng shear sLress ls noL Lo exceed 70 n/mm2 llgure 2
14 (a) ueslgn a closecolled hellcal sprlng of slllconmanganese sLeel for Lhe valve of an lC englne capable of exerLlng a neL force of 63n when Lhe valve ls open and 34n when Lhe valve ls closed 1he lnLernal and exLernal dlameLers are governed by space llmlLaLlons as lL has Lo flL over bushlng of 19 mm ouLslde dlameLer and go lnslde a space of 38 mm dlameLer 1he valve llfL ls 6 mm Cr (b) ueslgn and draw sulLable flywheel for a four sLroke four cyllnder 133 kW englne runnlng aL 373 rpm uue Lo space resLrlcLlon Lhe flywheel dlameLer should noL exceed 12m
13 (a) A slngle row deep groove ball bearlng no6002 ls sub[ecLed Lo an axlal LhrusL load of 1000n and a radlal load of 2200n llnd Lhe expecLed llfe LhaL 30 of Lhe bearlngs wlll compleLe under Lhls condlLlon Cr (b) 1he connecLlng rod of a peLrol englne ls Lo be deslgned for Lhe followlng daLa lsLon dlameLer 80 mm SLroke 120 mm WelghL of Lhe reclprocaLlng parLs 13n LengLh of connecLlng rod 240 mm Max speed 2800 rpm Lxploslon pressure correspondlng Lo 10 of crank angle ls 3 Ma lacLor of safeLy 6 lf Lhe connecLlng rod ls Lo be made of 40Cr1 SLeel flnd Lhe dlmenslons of Lhe lsecLlon connecLlng rod
B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010 FiIth Semester Mechanical Engineering ME 2304 ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS (Common to Production Engineering) (Regulation 2008)
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 Marks
DOWNLOAD PDF OF PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS # Answer ALL questions
PART A (10 2 20 Marks)
1. Distinguish between 'Line Standard' and 'End Standard'. 2. DeIine the term 'Sensitivity' oI an instrument. 3. What is meant by wringing oI slip gauges? 4. What are limit gauges? 5. What is meant by 'Best size wire' in screw thread measurement? 6. DeIine the term 'constant chord' oI a gear. 7. What are the advantages oI laser interIerometer? 8. What is a CNC CMM? 9. What are load cells? 10. What is the working principle oI bimetallic thermometer?
PART B (5 16 80 Marks)
11. (a) (i) Draw the block diagram oI a generalized measurement system and explain the various stages with an example. |Marks 10| (ii) Distinguish between 'Precision' and 'Accuracy' with suitable examples. |Marks 6| Or (b) (i) Describe Systematic errors and Random errors. Discuss the means adopted to minimize these errors. |Marks 12| (ii) Explain the term 'interchangeability'. |Marks 4|
12. (a) (i) Explain, with a neat sketch, the construction and working oI a Tool Maker's Microscope. |Marks 8| (ii) Explain, with a sketch, the construction and working oI Solex Pneumatic Comparator. |Marks 8| Or (b) (i) What is the principle oI Angle dekkor? How is it used Ior the measurement oI angles? |Marks 8| (ii) Explain the use oI an optical Ilat to test the Ilatness oI measuring surIaces. |Marks 8|
13. (a) (i) Explain the principle oI measuring gear tooth thickness by Base tangent method. |Marks 8| (ii) With a neat sketch, describe the construction and working oI a proIilometer. |Marks 8| Or (b) (i) Derive the Iormula Ior measuring the eIIective diameter oI a screw thread by three-wire method. |Marks 8| (ii) DeIine straightness. Describe any one method oI measuring straightness oI a surIace. |Marks 8|
14. (a) (i) With a neat sketch explain the working oI laser interIerometer. |Marks 8|
(ii) Discuss the need oI computers in inspection. |Marks 8| Or (b) (i) Describe the construction and operation oI a coordinate measuring machine. |Marks 12| (ii) State the advantages oI CMM. |Marks 4|
15. (a) (i) Explain the principle oI operation oI a hydraulic dynamometer. |Marks 8| (ii) Explain the principle oI operation oI Bourdon tube pressure gauge. |Marks 8| Or (b) (i) Explain the working oI a rotameter with a neat sketch. |Marks 8 | (ii) Using a sketch, explain the working oI an optical pyrometer. |Marks 8|
1. 0efIne FluId power. 2. ExplaIn the term frIctIon factor. J. What do you meant by nonposItIve dIsplacement pump: 4. What Is cylInder cushIon: 5. 0IfferentIate pressure control and pressure relIef valve. 6. WrIte the functIon of solenoId valve. 7. What Is the need for FFL unIt: 8. Name the varIous types of fIlters used In pneumatIcs. 9. What Is servo valve and how It Is workIng: 10. 0efIne coanda effect.
Part - 8 (5 X 16 = 80) 11. (a) (I) ExplaIn the hydraulIc and pneumatIc fluId power system (12) (II)0Iscuss the propertIes of hydraulIc fluIds. (4) (or) (b) (I) How to calculate the frIctIonal losses In the valves and fIttIngs. (8) (II) 0efIne Feynolds Number (2) (III) 0IfferentIate between lamInar and turbulent flow. (6) 12. (a) (I) ExplaIn the workIng prIncIple of external gear pump (12) (II) WrIte short notes on varIable dIsplacement pump (4) (or) (b) (I) ExplaIn the varIous mechanIsms of hydraulIc mountIng. (16) 1J. (a) (I) ExplaIn the operatIonal feature of check valve. (10) (II) WrIte short notes on shuttle valve (6) (or) (b) (I) ExplaIn aIr over oIl IntensIfIer system. (10) (II) ExplaIn the neat sketch of weIght loaded accumulator. (6) 14. (a) ExplaIn the pIston type compressor. (16) (or) (b) ExplaIn the synchronIzIng cIrcuIt. (16) 15. (a) ExplaIn the hydro mechanIcal system (16) (or) (b) ExplaIn the PLC wIth applIcatIon. (16)
0epartment of echanIcal EngIneerIng E1J05 ApplIed HydraulIcs and PneumatIcs
Part - A (5 X 2 = 10) 1. 0efIne FluId power. 2. ExplaIn the term frIctIon factor. J. What do you meant by nonposItIve dIsplacement pump: 4. What Is cylInder cushIon: 5. 0IfferentIate pressure control and pressure relIef valve. 6. WrIte the functIon of solenoId valve. 7. What Is the need for FFL unIt: 8. Name the varIous types of fIlters used In pneumatIcs. 9. What Is servo valve and how It Is workIng: 10. 0efIne coanda effect.
Part - 8 (5 X 16 = 80) 11. (a) (I) ExplaIn the hydraulIc and pneumatIc fluId power system (12) (II)0Iscuss the propertIes of hydraulIc fluIds. (4) (or) (b) (I) How to calculate the frIctIonal losses In the valves and fIttIngs. (8) (II) 0efIne Feynolds Number (2) (III) 0IfferentIate between lamInar and turbulent flow. (6) 12. (a) (I) ExplaIn the workIng prIncIple of external gear pump (12) (II) WrIte short notes on varIable dIsplacement pump (4) (or) (b) (I) ExplaIn the varIous mechanIsms of hydraulIc mountIng. (16) 1J. (a) (I) ExplaIn the operatIonal feature of check valve. (10) (II) WrIte short notes on shuttle valve (6) (or) (b) (I) ExplaIn aIr over oIl IntensIfIer system. (10) (II) ExplaIn the neat sketch of weIght loaded accumulator. (6) 14. (a) ExplaIn the pIston type compressor. (16) (or) (b) ExplaIn the synchronIzIng cIrcuIt. (16) 15. (a) ExplaIn the hydro mechanIcal system (16) (b) ExplaIn the PLC wIth applIcatIon. (16) Feel USEFUL, please gIve +1 to It.