CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.1.1 Jaipur, the symphony in pink, is the land of superlatives, where breathtaking beauty and rich art & culture blend superbly. Until the eighteenth century, Amber served as the capital of the Kachwaha clan of the Rajputs. However, due to its inaccessible tract on the Aravalli hills, it was unable to meet the demands of a growing population. Sawai Jai Singh in 1727 decided to move his capital to the plains, 11 km south of Amber. Jaipur, situated in North - West part of India, was thus founded in 1727 AD and was named after its founder Sawai Jai Singh. Jaipur City was not only planned but its execution was also coordinated by Sawai JaiSingh II, in such a manner that a substantial part of the city developed up within seven years of its foundation. It nestles amidst the Aravali ranges and is surrounded by rugged hills on three sides, each crowned by a formidable fort, while the city is studded with grand palaces, majestic mansions and gracefully landscaped gardens and parks. It is perhaps the first planned city of India, and was laid with great precision on the basis of principles of 'Shilp Shastra', the ancient Hindu treatise on architecture. The city was built in the form of a rectangle divided into blocks (Chowkries), with roads and avenues running parallel to the sides. In 1863 city of Jaipur was dressed in Pink to welcome Prince Albert, consort of Queen Victoria. The colour became an integral part of the city and it came to be known as The Pink City. In 19th and 20th centuries the citys population spread beyond its walls. In 1922 Man Singh II, Jaipurs Maharaja ascended the throne and it was during his reign that civic buildings like the secretariat, schools, hospitals and other public buildings were built. The municipality was reorganized in 1926 and a new municipal act was prepared in 1929. After independence, Jaipur merged with the states of Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Bikaner to become the greater Rajasthan in 1949.Under the State ReOrganization Act in 1956, Jaipur became the capital of the state of Rajasthan. Post independence, planned development of the city was taken up after the city became the capital of Rajasthan
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1.1.2 Though the city has grown into a modern metropolis and a throbbing commercial center, the city is a visitors delight and caters to the needs of each form of tourism, ranging from historical, culture, adventure, sports, entertainment, shopping, business, conventions and conferences. Jaipur is also a renowned handicraft center and is also known for producing exquisite gold jewellery enamelled or inlaid with precious or semi-precious stones, blue pottery, carvings on wood, stone and ivory, block print and tie & dye textiles, leather articles, handmade paper, miniature painting etc. 1.1.3 Location - Jaipur city is located at an altitude of 431 m (above MSL) and at 26.92N latitude & 75.82E longitude. The geographical area of the city is 326 sq. kms. The city is bound by Sikar and Alwar districts on north, by Tonk, Ajmer and Sawai Madhopur districts on south, by Nagaur, Sikar, Ajmer districts on west and Dausa district in east. The climate of Jaipur city forms the part of the tropical summer land and therefore shows a significant variation in temperature. Climate of Jaipur is hot and dry.

1.1.4 SEISMIC ACTIVATY The city falls under zone-II which is classified as Low Damaged Risk Zone & is assigned zone factor of 0.10. There has been no major earthquake in recent years in Jaipur City. 1.1.5 RAINFALL No major river passes through the city of Jaipur. The average rain fall of the city is 620 mm.

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Location of Jaipur City in Rajasthan State

Sawai Madhopur

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1.1.6 Road Network Jaipur city is well connected with other important cities of Rajasthan such as Ajmer, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Alwar, Bharatpur, Jaisalmer and other places of historical importance such as Agra, Gwalior, Khajuraho, Delhi, Chandigarh, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Mumbai & Lucknow through road and rail linkages. The road network consists of National Highways, State Highways and Major & other Roads. Following National Highways pass through the city : 1 National Highway No. 8 (Delhi - Mumbai) 2 National Highway No. 11 (Agra - Bikaner) 3 National Highway No. 12 (Jaipur - Jabalpur) 1.1.7 Rail Network Jaipur is the headquarters of the North Western Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. Jaipur is a major junction station. Following are the three Broad Gauge routes passing through the city: 1 Delhi-Jaipur-Ahamdabad 2 Sawai Madhopur - Jaipur- Jodhpur 3 Agra - Jaipur Jaipur is also connected to Bikaner, Sri Ganganagar, Churu and Sikar through Meter Gauge network. 1.1.8 Air Route Jaipur has well connected domestic airlinks with all metropolitan & other important cities of India. The airport located at Sanganer has recently acquired the status of an international airport and offers direct flight to Muscat, Sharjah, Dubai and Bangkok. 1.2 STUDY AREA The study area has been taken as the area comprising the present Jaipur Nagar Nigam and Jaipur Development Authority. The zoning system of the study area comprises of 53 zones of JNN and 17 zones of JDA.

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Ward map of JNN & JDA Area In terms of share, 87% of the total population lives in the JNN area, of which 7% lives in the walled city. While the proportion of population living within the JNN has increased (primarily due to expansion in area), the proportion of population in the walled city has declined. This can be regarded as positive phenomena as the walled city is already very densely populated. The Walled City has a spatial extent of only 6.7 sq.km but houses nearly four lakh people. The 2001census shows that the population of the Walled City has declined from

1991. The reason for this is out movement of inhabitants from the area to new
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residential colonies being developed in the periphery in want of better living environment 1.3 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE The total population of the study area in 2001 was 23,24,319. The decadal growth in Jaipur city is more than 100% in the past 3 decades. The decade wise population growth of Jaipur is given as Table 1. Table 1 Decade wise population of Jaipur Percent rate of growth (%) 3.0 4.5 4.8 4.1 4.4

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Year 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Population 304380 410376 636768 1015160 1518235 2324319

Since 1961 the study area has registered an average rate of growth of around 4.45%. The estimated population figures of study area for the base year 2009, and the horizon years are given in Table 2 Table 2 Estimated Population in Area of Study (lakh) Region Jaipur City 1.4 PRESENT STUDY Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) has been entrusted with the job of preparation of detailed project report for about 30 Km of Metro net work in Jaipur city vide letter No. JDA/CE-1/09/D-508 dated 31.03.09 of Rajasthan Govt. 1.4.1 Rapid industrialization and intense commercial developments in the past decades have resulted in steep rise in travel demand, putting Jaipurs transport infrastructure to stress. With the projected increase in the citys population, strengthening and augmenting the existing transport infrastructure has assumed urgency.
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2009 32.93

2011 36.02

2021 54.19

2031 81.09

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1.4.2 The present public transport system available for the city is not properly organized and is inadequate in terms of frequency & comfort. The fleet of about 250 buses is being operated under public transport system which connects the suburban areas to core area of the city. The private mini bus operators operate about 1800 buses mostly in city area. The private mini bus operators dominate and compete with public bus system. Their routes are in-efficiently rationalized and are not properly regulated with too many buses on some routes where as other routes have very less frequency. The other transport facility available is Rickshaws. Cycle Rickshaws operates mostly inside walled city area for short trips and Auto Rickshaws operates in whole study area. The present bus transport system is insufficient to cater the need of city due to which the share of public transport has decreased from 26% to 19% in last decade. Commuters prefer to use personalized transport. The average annual growth rate of the vehicles in Jaipur is about 12% which is causing congestion on city roads. The State Government has taken up the project of Bus Rapid Transport System (BRTS) under JNNURM scheme at a cost of Rs. 480.00 crores. Under BRTS project, pilot dedicated corridor has been developed from C-Zone bypass to Ambabari in a length of 7.1 km. It is proposed to devlop 45.0 km BRT corridor on wider road sections of the city. 400 new low floor modern buses are being procured for induction into city transport system. BRTS routes are being modified to act as feeder to Jaipur Metro. 1.4.3 Present study has been conducted to identify the main traffic corridors, which will eventually become the routes for running a grade separated Rail based transport system. As technology has vastly improved over the years, underground metro rail system is no more a dream which cannot be translated into reality. Underground metro will be able to connect different parts of the city area with other developed and developing areas through elevated metro and there is no need to recommend detouring to avoid the congested parts of the city. 1.4.4 The objective of the present study is to identify the best metro corridor network for Jaipur City. Although the city has relatively low population compared to other metropolitan cities, an advance planning for a modern transportation system for Jaipur city shall help it to grow in terms of industrialization and commercialization as world class city. The objective of the study is to identify the metro corridors for the metro master plan and prioritize the corridors for implementation. This report also deals to find the sectional load on different corridors including the station load.

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