03 Rectangular

Page 1
RECTANGULAR PLATES
Rectangular Plate - Topics

Page 2
Fourier Series (5-9) Navier s Solution (10-17)

Uniform Load (18-25) Sine Load (26-35) Uniform Load Over Subregion (36-39) Point Load (40-42) Uniform Load (54-64) 3 Simply Supported Edges, 1 Clamped Edge (65-69) Opposite Edges Simply Supported, 1 Free, 1 Clamped (70-72) Simply Supported with Load Function of x (73-78)
Levy s Solution (43-53)

Rectangular Plate - Topics

Page 3
Simply Supported Hydrostatic Load (79-80) Simply Supported Long Rectangular Plates (81-88)
Constant Load (89) n Partial Line Load (90-91) n Concentrated Load (92-93)
n
Symmetric Edge Moments (94-100) One Edge Moment (101-104)
Superposition (105-112) Strip Method (113-117)
3 Simply Supported Edges, 1 Fixed Edge (118-121)
Continuous Plates (122-128)
Background: Expressions To Know

Page 4
d du (sin u ) = cos u dx dx d du (cos u ) = - sin u dx dx d du (sinh u ) = cosh u dx dx d du (cosh u ) = sinh u dx dx
1 (sin ax )dx = - a cos ax 1 (cos ax )dx = a sin ax 1 (sinh ax )dx = a cosh ax 1 (cosh ax )dx = a sinh ax
Fourier Series
Page 5
If f(x) is continuous, bounded, periodic function of period 2L over the range L to +L, i.e. f(x+2L) = f(x). Then f(x) may be represented by the Fourier series:
a0 npx npx f ( x) = + an cos + bn sin 2 n =1 L L
Fourier Series
Page 6
Coefficients are found through the use of orthogonality relations:

+L
mpx npx Lcos L cos L dx = 0 (m n) = L (m = n ) mpx npx sin dx = 0 all m, n L L mpx npx sin dx = 0 ( m n ) L L = L (m = n)
+L
-L
cos sin
+L
-L
Fourier Series
Page 7
To determine the coefficients bn of the following Fourier series:

f ( x ) = bn sin
n =1
npx L
Multiply both sides by: To obtain:
mpx sin L
mpx npx mpx f ( x) sin = bn sin sin L L L n =1
Fourier Series
Page 8
Integrate both sides:

+L
mpx npx mpx f ( x) sin dx = bn sin sin dx L L L L -L
+L
And using the orthogonality relationship, the coefficients are +L found: 1 npx
bn =
f ( x) sin L
-L +L
dx
n = 1,2,3...
In the same way:

1 npx an = f ( x) cos dx L -L L n = 0,1,2,3...
Fourier Series
Page 9
If a function is even so that f(x) = f(-x), then f(x)sin(nx) is odd.

And
thus bn = 0 for all n.
If a function is odd so that f(x) = -f(-x), then f(x)cos(nx) is even.

And
thus an = 0 for all n.
Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

Page 10
Rectangular geometry:
a x b
Distributed
load = p(x,y)
y
No
closed form solutions like circular plates.

Page 11
Solution assumes load and deflection can be represented by Fourier series:

p ( x, y ) =
m =1
pmn sin
n =1 n =1
mpx npy sin a b
(x, y ) = amn sin mpx sin npy w a b

m =1
pmn,
amn = coefficients to be determined.

Page 12
Deflections must satisfy the governing differential equation:
4w 4w 4w p 4w = 4 + 2 2 2 + 4 = x x y y D
Boundary conditions (due to sin terms, automatically satisfied):

w=0 w=0 2w =0 2 x 2w =0 2 y (x = 0, x = a) (y = 0, y = b)

Page 13
Physical interpretation:

Consider term m = 1 and n = 2 of w: This term represents a single sin wave deflection in the xdirection, and a double sin wave deflection in the y-deflection, as shown: Note that sin terms automatically satisfy simply-supported boundary conditions. Increasing the number of terms in the series can improve accuracy.
a12 sin
px 2py sin a b

Page 14
The general procedure:

Determine
coefficients pmn: Find pmn from p(x,y) by multiplying both sides of equation by: m 'px n 'py
sin a sin b dxdy
And
b
integrate from 0 to a and 0 to b:
m 'px n 'py p(x, y )sin a sin b dxdy 0 =

m =1
p
n =1 mn 0 0
mpx npy m 'px n 'py sin sin sin sin dxdy a b a b

Page 15
Recalling
a
orthogonality relations, in this case:
mpx m 'px a ' sin sin dx = 0 if ( m m ), if ( m = m ' ) a a 2 0 npy n 'py b sin sin dy = 0 if (n n ' ), if (n = n ' ) b b 2 0
And
b
therefore:
pmn 4 = ab 0
b
p(x, y )sin
0
mpx npy sin dxdy a b

Page 16
Determine
amn by substituting p(x,y) and w(x,y) expressions into governing equation:
m =1
mp 4 mp 2 np 2 np 4 p mpx npy amn sin =0 + 2 + - mn sin a a b b D a b n =1

2
m 2 n 2 p amnp 4 + - mn = 0 D a b 1 pmn amn = 4 2 2 p D m 2 n + a b

Page 17
Substituting
expression for amn into w(x,y):
1 w= 4 p D m =1
n =1
pmn m 2 n 2 + a b
sin 2
mpx npy sin a b
The
series is convergent if you use enough terms, you will approach the exact solution.
Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

Page 18
Uniformly distributed load: p(x,y) = p0

pmn pmn pmn 4 = ab 0
a b
p0 sin
0
mpx npy sin dxdy a b

b
4p mpx b npy = 0 sin cos np dx ab 0 a b 0 4p mpx b (1 - cos np ) dx = 0 sin ab 0 a np 4 p0 ab a (1 - cos mp ) b (1 - cos np ) mp np

a
pmn =

Page 19
Continue
evaluating:
pmn = pmn 4 p0 (1 - cos mp )(1 - cos np ) 2 p mn 4p m n = 2 0 1 - (- 1) 1 - (- 1) p mn
)(
And
finally:
pmn =
16 p0 p 2 mn
( m, n = 1,3,5,...)

Page 20
Substitute
into w:
1 m n mn + a b
2 2
16 p0 w= 6 p D m
sin 2
mpx npy sin a b
( m, n = 1,3,5,...)
Since
plate must deflect into a symmetrical shape for a uniform load, knew ahead of time that m and n must be odd.

Page 21
Maximum
deflection occurs at center of plate:
n n
a b wmax = w , 2 2 16 p0 wmax = 6 p D m 16 p = 6 0 p D
1 m n mn + a b 1
2 2
sin 2
mp np sin 2 2
(m, n = 1,3,5,...)
wmax
wmax
16 p = 6 0 p D
m n
m n mn + a b 1
2 2
(- 1) (- 1)
(m+ n ) 2 -1
m -1 2
n -1 2
m n mn + a b
2 2
(- 1)

Page 22
Recall:
2w 2w M x = - D 2 +n x y 2
Thus:
16 p Mx = 40 p
m n +n mpx npy a b 2 2 2 sin a sin b n m n mn + a b
(m, n = 1,3,5,...)

Page 23
Likewise:
2 2
m n n + 16 p0 mpx npy a b My = 4 sin sin (m, n = 1,3,5,...) 2 2 2 p a b m n m n mn + a b 16 p0 (1 -n ) 1 mpx npy M xy = cos cos (m, n = 1,3,5,...) 2 2 2 p 4 ab a b m n m n mn + a b
Mx and My are zero at x = 0, x = a, y = 0, and y = b. However, Mxy does not vanish at edges and corners.

Page 24
Assume
square plate: a = b Use first term of Fourier series: m = n = 1

wmax 16 p = 6 0 p D m n mn + a b 16 p0 1 4 p0 a 4 = 6 = 6 2 2 p D 1 p D 2 a p0 a 4 = 0.00416 D
m n 2 2
1
2
(- 1)
(m+ n ) 2 -1
wmax
wmax

Page 25
Using
first four terms: m,n = 1,3

p0 a 4 = 0.00406 D (exact solution )
wmax
Also:
M x ,max = 0.0534 p0 a 2 M x ,max = 0.0469 p0 a 2
( first term) ( four terms )
Moment
does not converge as rapidly as deflection.

Page 26
Loading:
px py p (x, y ) = p0 sin sin a b

Page 27
Calculate
pmn:
4 = ab 0
b
pmn
p0 sin
0
px py mpx npy sin sin sin dxdy a b a b ( m = n = 1)
pmn =
Calculate
4 p0 ab = p0 ab 4
n
w:
1 m 2 n 2 mn + a b sin 2 mpx npy sin a b
p0 w= 4 p D m
w=
p0 1 px py sin sin 2 p 4D 1 a b 1 + 2 a2 b

Page 28
Calculate
moments:
p0
2w 2w M x = - D 2 +n x y 2
2
Mx =
py 1 n px + 2 sin sin 2 b a b 1 a 2 1 p 2 + 2 b a
And
likewise:
2 w 2w M y = - D 2 +n y x 2
p0
My =
1 px py n + 2 sin sin 2 2 b a b 1 a 2 1 p 2 + 2 b a

Page 29
Calculate
moments:
M xy
M xy = p0 (1 -n )
2w = - D(1 +n ) xy
1 px py cos cos 2 a b 1 1 ab 2 p 2 + 2 b a

Page 30
Calculate
shears:
Qx =
2w 2w Qx = - D 2 + 2 x x y
p0 px py cos sin 1 a b 1 pa 2 + 2 b a
And
likewise:
Qy =
2w 2w Qy = - D 2 + 2 y x y
p0 px py sin cos 1 a b 1 pb 2 + 2 b a

Page 31
Calculate
total applied load:

b
ptotal =
0 a
p0 sin
0
px py sin dxdy a b a 2a px cos = - [- 1 - 1] = a 0 p p

a
Note : ptotal =
px a sin dx = a p 0 4abp0 p2

Page 32
Find
M xy Vx = Qx + y p0 px py p0 (1 - n ) 1 px py Vx = cos sin + cos sin 2 2 1 a b a b 1 1 ab 1 pa 2 + 2 p 2 + 2 b a b a
reactions at edges:
Setting
x = a:
Vx = -
p0 py p0 (1 - n ) 1 py sin sin 2 2 1 b b 1 1 ab 1 pa 2 + 2 p 2 + 2 b a b a

Page 33
Simplifying:
1 (1 -n ) py 1 + 2 + 2 sin 2 2 b b b 1 a 1 pa 2 + 2 b a p0 1 (2 -n ) py Vx = + 2 2 2 sin b b 1 a 1 pa 2 + 2 b a Vx = p0
Likewise
for Vy at edge y = b:
Vy = p0
1 (2 -n ) px + sin 2 2 b a2 a 1 1 pb 2 + 2 b a

Page 34
Sum
a
of all reactions:
b
2 V y dx + 2 Vx dy
0
=-
4a p
p0 1 (2 - n ) 4b 1 (2 - n ) + + 2 2 2 2 2 p a b2 1 1 b 1 1 a pb 2 + 2 pa 2 + 2 b b a a p0
By
simple manipulation: 4 p ab 8 p0 (1 - n ) =- 0 p2 1 1 p 2ab 2 + 2 b a

Page 35
Note
that first term equals total applied load, so reactions are larger. From concentrated reaction at each corner:
Fc = 2 M xy at x = a, y = b Fc = 2 p0 (1 -n ) 1 1 p 2 ab 2 + 2 b a
2
Rc = - Fc =
2 p0 (1 -n ) 1 1 p 2 ab 2 + 2 b a
2
reactions (one at each corner). Equilibrium is therefore satisfied. This is physical corners tend to rise.

Page 36
Total load P distributed uniformly over a sub-region 4cd:

P p ( x, y ) = 4cd

Page 37
Determine
pmn:
b
pmn pmn
4 = ab 0 P = abcd
mpx npy p(x, y )sin a sin b dxdy 0

y1 + d x1 + c
mpx npy -d x -c sin a sin b dxdy y1 1
pmn =
4P mpx1 npy1 mpc npd sin sin sin sin p 2 mncd a b a b
How?
See next slide

Page 38
Note:
x1 + c
mpx a -c sin a dx = - mp x1 a =mp
mp ( x1 + c ) mp ( x1 - c ) - cos cos a a
mpx 1 cos a x1 -c
x +c
Using
identities:
cos(a + b ) = cos a cos b - sin a sin b
cos(a - b ) = cos a cos b + sin a sin b cos(a + b ) - cos(a - b ) = -2 sin a sin b

Obtain:
2a mpx1 mpc = sin sin mp a a

Page 39
If
expand load to cover entire plate surface by substituting the following:

a x1 = 2 b y1 = 2 a c= 2 b d= 2
Obtain
the previous solution:

pmn 16 P = 2 p mn

Page 40
Point load at x = x1, y = y1:

Page 41
Use
previous derivation, with c,d 0.

4P mpx1 npy1 mpc npd sin sin sin sin p 2mncd a b a b mpc sin a =0 lim(c 0) c 0 use L' Hopital' s Rule : mp mp c cos a = mp lim(c 0) a 1 a npd sin b = np similarly, lim(d 0) d b 4P mpx1 npy1 pmn = sin sin ab a b pmn =

Page 42
Leads
to:
4P w= 4 p Dab m
1 m 2 n 2 + a b
sin 2
mpx1 npy1 mpx npy sin sin sin a b a b
If
P is applied to the center of a square plate (a=b):

b y1 = 2 4 Pa 2 w= 4 p D
a x1 = 2
Using
(m
m n
1
2
+n
2 2
(m,n = 1,3,5...)
first nine terms (m,n = 1, 3, 5):

wmax Pa 2 = 0.01142 D Pa 2 exact = 0.01159 D
Levy s Solution for Rectangular Plates

Page 43
Navier solution slow convergence of series for bending moments. Levy s solution:
Overcomes
slow convergence. Uses single series (Navier uses double series) Allows for more general boundary conditions (Navier only valid for simply-supported conditions on all sides).
n Particular
BC on two opposite sides (x = 0 & x = a) n Arbitrary BC on remaining edges (y = -b/2 & y = +b/2)

Page 44
Procedure:
As
before, result is sum of homogeneous and particular solution:

w = wh + w p
Particular
solution is obtained for each specific loading. Homogeneous solution is independent of loading:
4 wh = 0

Page 45
Homogeneous solution assumed to be:
mpx mpx wh = f m ( y ) sin or wh = f m ( y ) cos a a m =1 m =1 b f m ( y ) fulfill boundary conditions at y = 2

Page 46
For example, if plate is simply-supported at x = 0 and x = a:

Use
the sin term, which will automatically satisfy the boundary conditions at these edges.
mpx wh = f m ( y ) sin a m =1
w=0
2w =0 2 x
(x = 0, x = a)

Page 47
Substitute into governing equation:

4 wh = 0
2 4 2 d 4 fm mpx mp d f m mp - 2 + f m sin =0 1 dy 4 a dy 2 a m= a
Term inside brackets must be zero linear differential equation with constant coefficients.
2 d 4 fm mp d f m mp - 2 + fm = 0 4 2 dy a dy a 2 4

Page 48
Solution (from differential equations):

2 d 4 fm mp d f m mp - 2 + fm = 0 4 2 dy a dy a 2 4
Can be written as:
(m
m 4 - 2 A2 m 2 + A 4 = 0
2
- A2
=0
m = C1e Ay + C2 e - Ay + C3 ye Ay + C4 ye - Ay
m = A, A

Page 49
And thus the general solution is:

f m = A'm e
mpy a
+ B 'm e
mpy a
+ C 'm ye
mpy a
+ D 'm ye
mpy a
Can also be written as (usually easier to work with):

f m = Am sinh
mpy mpy mpy mpy + Bm cosh + Cm y sinh + Dm y cosh a a a a 1 u -u e -e 2
Note:
sinh u =
cosh u =
1 u e + e -u 2

Page 50
Therefore:
mpy mpy mp y mpy mpx wh = Am sinh + Bm cosh + Cm y sinh + Dm y cosh sin a a a a a m =1 Am , Bm , Cm , Dm constants determined for specific cases

Page 51
Particular solution:
( y )sin mpx wp = km
m =1
a mpx p(x, y ) = pm ( y )sin a m =1 2 mpx pm ( y ) = p (x, y )sin dx a0 a

a
Last equation found by multiplying both sides by the sin term below and integrating:
m' px sin a

Page 52
Plugging into differential equation:

p wp = D 2 4 2 4 mpx pm mpx d km mp d k m mp 1 dy 4 - 2 a dy 2 + a km sin a = 1 D sin a m= m=
4
d km p mp d k m mp - 2 + km = m dy 4 a dy 2 a D
4 2 2 4

Page 53
The general procedure thus becomes:

From
loading p(x,y), find pm. From pm, find km and thus wp. Using boundary conditions, find Am, Bm, Cm, Dm and thus wh. Result is sum of wp and wh.

Page 54
Simply-supported rectangular plate under uniform loading.

Find
pm.
a a
p( x, y ) = p0 2 2 a 2 2a mpx mpx pm ( y ) = p0 sin cos dx = p0 = p0 a 0 a a mp a 0 a mp 4 p0 (m = 1,3,5...) pm ( y ) = mp

Page 55
Find
km.
d km 4 p0 mp d k m mp - 2 + km = dy 4 a dy 2 a mpD
4 2 2 4
n Since
the right hand side is not a function of y, then km cannot be a function of y, so derivatives of km are zero:
4 p0 mp km = a mpD
4
4 p0 a 4 km = 5 5 mp D

Page 56
Thus
wp becomes:
4 p0 a 4 wp = 5 p D 1 mpx 3... m5 sin a m =1,
This
particular solution represents the deflection of a uniformly loaded, simply-supported strip parallel to the y-axis (very long in the y-direction).

Page 57
Now
must evaluate constants in homogeneous solution. Observing that the deflection must be symmetrical with respect to the x-axis: Am = Dm = 0.
n sinh
function is not symmetric. n cosh function is symmetric. n y*sinh is symmetric n y*cosh is not symmetric.
cosh
sinh

Page 58
Expression
for deflection is now:
mpy mpy 4 p0 a 4 mpx w = w p + wh = Bm cosh + Cm y sinh + 5 5 sin a a m p D a m =1, 3...

Satisfies
governing equations and simply-supported boundary conditions at x = 0 and x = a. Remaining boundary conditions:
w=0 2w =0 2 y b y= 2

Page 59
Substituting:
mpb b mpb 4 p0a 4 Bm cosh + Cm sinh + 5 5 =0 2a 2 2a mp D mpb m pb mpb Bm mp 2 + Cm cosh + Cm sinh =0 2a 2a 2a 2a

Gives:
mpb 4 p0 a 4 + mpp0 a 3b tanh 2a Bm = mpb m 5p 5 D cosh 2a 2 p0 a 3 Cm = mpb 4 4 m p D cosh 2a

Page 60
Setting:
mpb am = 2a
Simplifies
constants:
4 p0 a 4 + mpp0 a 3b tanh a m Bm = m5p 5 D cosh a m 2 p0 a 3 Cm = 4 4 m p D cosh a m

Page 61
Deflection:
4 p0 a 4 w= 5 p D
1 a m tanh a m + 2 2a y 1 cosh m 5 2 cosh a m b m =1, 3... m
+
Maximum
1 mpy 2a y mpx sinh m sin 2 cosh a m a b a
deflection is at x = a/2, y = 0:
1 a m tanh a m + 2 mp 1 sin 3... m5 2 cosh a m 2 m =1,
wmax
4 p0 a 4 = 5 p D

Page 62
Maximum
deflection can be simplified:

4 p0 a p 5D
4 m =1,3...
wmax =
Can
(- 1)
( m -1)
2
m5
a m tanh a m + 2 1 2 cosh a m
( m -1)
2
manipulate to the following form:

wmax 5p a 4p a = 0 - 50 384 D p D
4 4 m =1, 3...
(- 1)
m5
a m tanh a m + 2 2 cosh a m
Note
that first term is the previous solution for a uniformly loaded simply-supported strip.

Page 63
For
a square plate (a = b):

5 p0 a 4 4 p0 a 4 p0 a 4 = - 5 (0.68562 - 0.00025 + ...) = 0.00406 384 D p D D
wmax
n Note
that the series converges rapidly.
Can
rewrite equation as:

4
wmax
pa = d1 0 D
5 4 d1 = - 5 384 p
m =1, 3...
(- 1)
( m -1)
2
m5
a m tanh a m + 2 2 cosh a m

Page 64
Can
also write similar expressions for moments:

M x ,max = d 2 p0 a 2 M y ,max = d 3 p0 a 2
Parameters
cases. Note that as plate becomes long (b/a tends to infinity), results equal that of simply-supported strip. If ratio of sides is large (b/a > 4), effect of short sides is negligible and plate can be considered as infinite strip.
d1, d2, d3 can be determined for various

Page 65
3 edges simply-supported, 1 edge clamped, uniform pressure.

Deflection
is symmetrical about x = a/2. Thus, w uses only odd m.

Page 66
Deflection:
w=
mpy mpy mpy + Bm cosh + Cm y sinh Am sinh 3... a a a m =1,
mpy 4 p0 a 4 mpx + Dm y cosh + 5 5 sin a m p D a Note that the particular solution is the same as before, since it is for a uniform load with simply-supported boundary conditions at x = 0 and x = a, and has nothing to do with the boundary conditions on the y sides. Also, the simply-supported boundary conditions at x = 0 and x = a are automatically satisfied due to the sin term in x.

Page 67
Remaining
boundary conditions:
w=0 w=0 w =0 y 2w =0 2 y (y = 0) (y = b)
The
boundary conditions provide 4 equations to solve the 4 unknown constants, shown on next page.

Page 68
After
some manipulation, the constants are:
2 p0a 4 2 cosh 2 b m - 2 cosh b m - b m sinh b m a Am = 5 5 =Dm mp D cosh b m sinh b m - b m mp 4 p0a 4 Bm = - 5 5 mp D mp 2 1 a Cm = - b m 2 bm = mpb a mp mp sinh b m cosh b m - sinh b m - b cosh b m a a cosh b m sinh b m - b m
2

Page 69
For
a square plate (a=b):

wcenter p0a 4 = 0.0028 D a a x = ,y = 2 2 a x = , y = 0 2
M y ,max = 0.084 p0a 2

Page 70
Opposite edges simply-supported, 3rd edge free, 4th edge clamped, uniform pressure.

Page 71
Deflection:
w=
mpy mpy mpy Am sinh + Bm cosh + Cm y sinh 3... a a a m =1,
mpy 4 p0 a 4 mpx + Dm y cosh + 5 5 sin a m p D a Note that the particular solution is the same as before, since it is for a uniform load with simply-supported boundary conditions at x = 0 and x = a, and has nothing to do with the boundary conditions on the y sides. Also, the simply-supported boundary conditions at x = 0 and x = a are automatically satisfied due to the sin term in x.

Page 72
Remaining boundary conditions:

w=0 w =0 y (y = 0) 3w 3w + (2 - n ) 2 = 0 3 y x y shear (y = b) 2w 2w +n 2 = 0 2 y x moment
The boundary conditions provide 4 equations to solve the 4 unknown constants. Not shown here, but it is straightforward if not tedious. Same procedure for any similar uniformly loaded plate.
Levy s Method Applied to Nonuniformly Loaded Rectangular Plates

Page 73
Assume
rectangular plate simply-supported at x = 0 and x = a. Assume load is a function of x only.

mpx p(x ) = pm sin a m =1
2 mpx pm = p( x )sin dx a0 a

Page 74
As
before, assume for the particular solution:

mpx w p = k m ( y )sin a m =1
Plugging
into governing equation:

p D
4 wp =
2 4 d 4km mp d 2 k m mp pm mpx 1 dy 4 - 2 a dy 2 + a km - D sin a = 0 m=

Page 75
Since
pm is only a function of x, km cannot be a function of y, and the derivatives with respect to y are zero.
d km p mp d k m mp - 2 + km = m dy 4 a dy 2 a D
4 2 2 4
p mp km = m a D
4
pm a 4 km = 4 4 mp D
Particular
solution, which represents deflection of a strip under load p(x), becomes:

a 4 pm mpx w p = 4 4 sin p D m =1 m a

Page 76
Assume
the two arbitrary edges, y = -b/2 and y = b/2, are also simply-supported:
mpy mpy pm a 4 mpx w = w p + wh = Bm cosh + Cm y sinh + 4 4 sin a a m p D a m =1

n Note
that, as before, Am and Dm are eliminated since they are associated with terms that are not symmetric in y.
Bm
and Cm are determined from boundary conditions at y edges:

w=0 2w =0 2 y b y = 2

Page 77
After
evaluation of boundary conditions, the deflection
is:
a 4 pm a m tanh a m + 2 m py w = 4 4 1 cosh p D m=1 m 2 cosh a m a + am = m pb 2a 1 mpy mpy mpx sin sinh 2 cosh a m a a a
Given
p(x) find pm find w find M find .

Page 78
Values
of pm for various loadings.

Page 79
Example:
Hydrostatically loaded plate.

x a
a a
p ( x ) = p0
2 x mpx 2 p0 mpx pm = p0 sin dx = 2 x sin dx a0 a a a 0 a 2p pm = 20 a 2p pm = 20 a pm = a mpx xa mpx sin - cos a mp a 0 mp

2 a
a2 0 - mp
cos(mp ) - 0 + 0
2 p0 (- 1)m+1 mp
(m = 1,2...)

Page 80
Can
now find w by substituting expression for pm. If plate is square (a = b), for example, the maximum deflection is:
wcenter
p0 a 4 = 0.00203 D
a x = , y = 0 2

Page 81
Example:
Line loads on long rectangular plates.

Page 82
Only
need to consider one half of plate (positive y) due to symmetry:

w =0 y (y = 0)
Each
half takes half the load:

P ( x) 2 Qy = = -D w 2 y
(y = 0)

Page 83
Use
alternate form of governing equation:
mpy mpy mpy mpy mpx A'm e a + B 'm e a + C 'm ye a + D 'm ye a sin wh = a m =1
There
is no surface pressure, so the particular solution is zero and:
w = wh
Also,
w and its derivatives should vanish at y = :
A'm = C 'm = 0

Page 84
Equations
for w:
mpy mpy mpx B 'm e a + D 'm ye a sin w = a m =1
Evaluating
symmetry boundary condition:

(y = 0)
mpy a
w =0 y mp B 'm e a
p p - ma y mp - ma y + D ' m e - ye =0 a mp mp B 'm D 'm = B ' m + D 'm = 0 a a

Page 85
Evaluating
remaining boundary condition:
P ( x) 2 Qy = = -D w 2 y
(y = 0)
2 w 2 w P( x) D 2 + 2 = y x y 2
Need
to evaluate derivatives (next slide).

Page 86
2 mpy mpy 2w mpx mp B 'm e a + D 'm ye a sin = - x 2 a a mpy mpy mpy 2 w mp mpx mp a a a = + D 'm e - B 'm e D 'm ye - sin y 2 y a a a 2 2 mpy mpy mpy mpy 2 w mp mpx mp mp mp = B 'm e a - D 'm e a - D 'm e a + D'm ye a sin y 2 a a a a a mpy mp mpx w = - 2 D'm e a sin a a mpy mp 2 2 mpx a w = 2 D'm e sin y a a 2

Page 87
Substituting
into boundary condition:
2 w 2 w P ( x) D 2 + 2 = y x y 2
mp 2 D 'm e a 2 mpy a
pm 2D
2
(sin terms cancel) pm a 2 D'm = 4m 2p 2 D
y0
p mp 2 D 'm = m a 2D
And
from previous expression:
pm a 3 B 'm = 4m 3p 3 D

Page 88
Thus
deflection becomes:
p mpy pm a 3 - ma y pm a 2 y - a mpx sin w = 3 3 e + e 4m p D 4m 2p 2 D a m =1
a 3 pm mpy w = 3 3 1 + e 4p D m =1 m a
Equations
mpy a
sin
mpx a
for P(x):
mpx P( x ) = pm sin a m =1

Page 89
If
p(x) = p0:
a a
2p 2p 2 mpx mpx p0 sin dx = 0 - cos = 0 [1 - cos mp ] a 0 a mp a 0 mp 4 p0 pm = (m = 1,3,5...) mp pm =
p0 a 3 1 mpy w= 4 3... m 4 1 + a e p D m =1, wmax wmax
mpy a
mpx sin a
3 mp a p0 a 1 = w ,0 = 4 sin 2 p D m =1,3... m 4 2
pa (- 1) = 04 p D m =1,3... m 4
3
m -1 2
p0 a 3 = 4 p D
5p 5 5pp0 a 3 = 1536 1536 D

Page 90
If
p(x) is a constant load p0 but only partially along line:

Page 91
p( x) = p0 from x1 - c to x1 + c 2 1 2p mpx mp (x1 + c ) mp (x1 - c ) pm = p0 sin dx = 0 - cos + cos a x1 - c a mp a a

x +c
pm =
4 p0 mp
mpx1 mpc sin a sin a

mpy a
And plugging into expression for w:

sin mpx1 mpc mpx sin sin a a a
p0 a 3 1 mpy w = 4 4 1 + e p D m =1 m a
n
For x1 = a/2 and c = a/2, get previous result.

Page 92
For
case of concentrated load:

Page 93
Substitute
the following expressions into w:

m pc m pc sin a a
mpy a
P P = 2cp0 or p0 = 2c
3 P a 1 mpy w = 4 4 1 + e a 2c p D m =1 m
sin
mpx1 mpc mpx sin a a a
Pa 2 1 mpy w = 3 3 1 + e 2p D m =1 m a
mpy a
sin
mpx1 mpx sin a a
Rectangular Plates Under Distributed Edge Moments

Page 94
Simply-supported
rectangular plate, symmetrically distributed edge moments at y = +b/2 and y = -b/2:

Page 95
Assume
mpx f (x ) = M m sin a m =1
a
a Fourier sin series for the moment distribution:

b y= 2
2 mpx M m = f (x )sin dx a0 a
Boundary
conditions:
2w =0 2 x 2w - D 2 = f (x ) y
w=0 w=0
(x = 0, x = a )
b y= 2

Page 96
Since
axis:
p0 = 0 and plate deflection is symmetric about xmpy mpy mpx w = Bm cosh + C m y sinh sin a a a m =1
n Above
expression satisfies governing equation and first set of boundary conditions. n Use other two boundary conditions to determine constants.

Page 97
First
boundary condition:
b y = 2 b mpb Bm cosh a m + Cm sinh a m = 0 am = 2 2a b Bm = -Cm tanh a m 2 mpy b mpy mpx w = Cm y sinh - tanh a m cosh sin a 2 a a m =1 w=0

Page 98
Second
boundary condition: 2w b - D 2 = f (x ) y=
y 2
Using
basic derivation:
mpx mpx mp - 2 D Cm cosh a m sin = M m sin a a a m =1 m =1 aM m Cm = 2mpD cosh a m a Mm w= 2pD m =1 m cosh a m mpy mpy mpx b tanh a m cosh - y sinh sin 2 a a a

Page 99
If
f(x) = M0 (uniformly distributed moments):

a x =a x =0
2 mpx 2M 0 mpx M m = M 0 sin dx = cos a0 a mp a
4M 0 m = 1,3... mp
2 M 0a 1 mpy mpy mpx b w= 2 tanh a m cosh - y sinh sin ... m 2 cosh a 2 p D m=1, 3 a a a m
For
square plate (a = b), results at center:
M 0a 2 w = 0.0368 , M x = 0.394 M 0 , M y = 0.256 M 0 D

Page 100
Displacement
along axis of symmetry (y = 0):
M 0 ab tanh a m mpx w= 2 sin p D m =1,3... m 2 cosh a m a

For
a very long strip (a >> b), i.e. center deflection of a strip of length b subjected to two equal and opposite bending moments at ends:
tanh a m a m cosh a m 1 am = mpb 2a M 0 ab a m mpx M 0b 2 1 mpx w= 2 3... m 2 sin a = 2pD m3... m sin a p D m =1, =1, M 0b 2 p M 0b 2 w= 4 = 8D 2pD

Page 101
Plate
with one edge moment:
n Note:
This problem switches previous x and y directions.

Page 102
Assume
same Fourier series expression:

npy = M n sin b n =1
b
(M x )0
(x = 0)
2 npy M n = (M x )0 sin dy b0 b
Deflection
is in the following form:
w=
npx npx npx npx npy An sinh + Bn cosh + Cn x sinh + Dn x cosh sin b b b b b n =1

Page 103
Boundary
conditions:
2w - D 2 = (M x )0 x 2w =0 2 x 2w =0 2 y
w=0 w=0 w=0

Last
(x = 0 ) (x = a ) (y = 0, y = b )
two boundary conditions are automatically satisfied, as always. First boundary condition results in: Bn = 0.

Page 104
Remaining
3 boundary conditions can be used to solve for remaining 3 constants, resulting in:
npx a sinh Mn b np (a - x ) b sin npy x cosh w= npa npy 2pD n=1 n sinh b b sinh b b
Based
on moment, can find Mn and then substitute into w expression above.
Method of Superposition Applied to Bending of Rectangular Plates

Page 105
Complex problem replaced by several simpler situations.

Simpler solutions: Navier or Levy approach. Superposed so that the overall governing equation and boundary conditions are fulfilled.
For example, consider a rectangular plate under any lateral load, one edge (y=0) clamped and others simply-supported.
Start with plate with all edges simply-supported. Add the solution of plate with bending moment applied along y=0, with magnitude to eliminate rotations along clamped edge.

Page 106
Example: Two edges simply-supported, two edges clamped, uniform pressure.

Page 107
Plate 1 (from previous Levy approach):

4 p0 a 4 w1 = 5 p D 1 a m tanh a m + 2 2a y 1 cosh m 3... m5 2 cosh a m b m =1,
+
where : a m =
mpb 2a
1 mpy 2a y mpx sinh m sin 2 cosh a m a b a
For plate 2, need to determine the moment along the edges so that the sum of the rotations of plate 1 and plate 2 along these edges equals zero (clamped boundary condition). Thus, need to find the rotation along these edges in plate 1.

Page 108
Rotation
along edge found by taking derivative of w with respect to y:

1 a m tanh a m + 2 2a m 2a y sinh m 5 2 cosh a b b m =1, 3... m m
w1 4 p0 a 4 = 5 y p D +
1 mpy 2a m 2a y 1 mp 2a y mpx cosh m + sinh m sin 2 cosh a m a b b 2 cosh a m a b a
Substitute
y = b/2:
1 a m tanh a m + 2 2a m 3... m5 - 2 cosh a b sinha m m =1, m
w1 4 p0 a 4 = 5 y p D
1 + 2 cosh a m
2a m 2 1 mp mpx cosh a m + sinh a m sin b 2 cosh a m a a

Page 109
Further
manipulation:
w1 4 p0 a 4 = 5 y p D w1 4 p0 a 4 = 5 y p D w1 2 p0 a 3 = 4 y p D
2 1 am am am mpx tanha m (a m tanh a m + 2 )+ + tanh a m sin 5 b b b a m =1,3... m
am (a m - tanha m (a m tanh a m + 1))sin mpx 3... m5b a m =1,
1 (a m - tanha m (a m tanh a m + 1))sin mpx 3... m 4 a m =1,
where : a m =
mpb 2a

Page 110
Plate
2, from previous solution:

mpx M y = M m sin a m =1
b y= 2
a Mm mpy mpy mpx b w2 = - y sinh tanh a m cosh sin 2pD m =1 m cosh a m 2 a a a

Edge
rotation for this case:

b mpy mp tanh a m sinh 2 a a mpy mpy mpx mp - sinh - y cosh sin a a a a
w2 a Mm = y 2pD m =1 m cosh a m

Page 111
Further
manipulation, substituting y = b/2:
w2 a Mm = 1 m cosh a (a m tanh a m sinh a m y 2pD m = m mpx - sinh a m - a m cosh a m )sin a w2 a Mm = (a m tanh a m tanh a m - tanh a m - a m )sin mpx y 2pD m =1 m a w2 a Mm = [tanh a m (a m tanh a m - 1) - a m ]sin mpx y 2pD m =1 m a

Page 112
Slopes
must be equal and opposite:
b y= 2 4 p0 a 2 a m - tanh a m (1 + a m tanh a m ) gives : M m = 3 3 m p a m - tanh a m (a m tanh a m - 1)

Final
w1 w2 =y y
result is then found by:
n Substituting
Mm into w2. n Add solutions of w1 and w2.
Strip Method
Page 113
Simple, approximate approach for computing deflection and moment in rectangular plate with arbitrary boundary condition.
Plate
is assumed to be divided into two systems of strips at right angles to one another. Each strip is regarded as functioning as a beam. Not accurate, but this method gives conservative values for deflection and moment. Employed in practice.
Strip Method
Page 114
Based on deflections and moments of beams with various end conditions derived from mechanics of materials.
RA =
5 pL 8
RB =
3 pL 8
Strip Method
Page 115
Consider the rectangular plate:
Strip
of span a carries uniform load pa. Strip of span b carries uniform load pb.
Strip Method
Page 116
Two
conditions that must be satisfied:
wa = wb
For
p0 = pa + pb
(x = y = 0)
simply-supported edges (same for clamped plate):

5 pb b 4 wb = 384 EI pa a 4 = pb b 4 b4 pa = p0 4 a + b4 a4 pb = p0 4 a + b4
5 pa a 4 wa = 384 EI wa = wb p0 = pa + pb
Strip Method
Page 117
And
thus:
wmax 5 pa a 4 5 pbb4 5 p0a 4b4 = = = 384 EI 384 EI 384 EI (a 4 + b4 )
Using
the expressions for beams in the given tables, once the center deflection is determined, can find the deflection and moment anywhere along either strip.
Strip Method
Page 118
Example: 3 edges simply-supported, 1 edge clamped, uniform p0.
Use expressions for displacement of a beam simplysupported on each end along y, and a beam clamped on one end and simply-supported on another along x. Determine mid-span deflection and maximum moments
Strip Method
Page 119
Setting
mid-span deflections equal (note: this is not always the location of maximum deflection):
pa a 4 5 pbb 4 = 192 EI 384 EI 2 pa a 4 = 5 pbb 4 2a 4 pb = p0 4 2a + 5b 4
wa = wb wa = wb
5b 4 p0 = pa + pb pa = p0 4 2a + 5b 4 5 pbb 4 5 p0 a 4b 4 wcenter = = 384 EI 192 2a 4 + 5b 4 EI
Strip Method
Page 120
To
find maximum moments, must first find where maximum occurs for each beam, then substitute for appropriate load and span. For example, for the y-span (simply-supported to simply-supported), it is known that the maximum moment occurs at midspan:
2 b b b b pb b M y = pb - pb = 8 2 2 2 4 p0 a 4 b 2 ( y = 0) My = 4 4 4 2a + 5b
( y = 0)
Strip Method
Page 121
In
the x-direction span, must first determine where the maximum moment occurs:
n Reaction
force at simply-supported end = 3paa/8.
1 3 2 M x (x ) = pa x - pa ax 2 8 dM x 3 = pa x - p a a = 0 dx 8
2
3 x= a 8
9 3 1 3 3 3 M x a = p a a - pa a a = pa a 2 128 8 2 8 8 8 45 p0 a 2b 4 3 Mx = x = a 128 2a 4 + 5b 4 8
Simply-Supported Continuous Rectangular Plates

Page 122
Continuous plate:
A uniform plate that extends over a support and has more than one span that may be of varying length. Intermediate supports provided by beams or columns.
Analysis is based on equilibrium of individual panels and compatibility of displacements or force at adjoining edges. Assume only rigid intermediate beams:
Plate has zero deflection along axis of supporting beam. Beam does not prevent rotation, i.e. simply-supported.

Page 123
Consider two-paneled continuous plate, as shown:
mpy f ( y ) = M m sin b m =1,3...

Page 124
Procedure:
Consider
each panel separately. On connecting edges, assume a moment is applied (value unknown). Use regular plate boundary conditions to solve for constants. Need one additional equation since there is an additional unknown (moment). This equation is based on continuity at the connecting edges, i.e. the slopes must be equal.

Page 125
Expressions for deflections of each plate:

w1 =
m =1, 3...
(A
sinh lm x1 + Bm cosh lm x1 + Cm x1 sinh lm x1
4 p0b4 + Dm x1 cosh lm x1 + 5 5 sin lm y m p D mp lm = b w2 =

m =1, 3...
(E
sinh lm x2 + Fm cosh lm x2 + Gm x2 sinh lm x2
+ H m x2 cosh lm x2 )sin lm y

Page 126
Boundary conditions:
w1 = 0 w1 = 0 w2 = 0 w2 = 0 2 w1 =0 2 x1
(x1 = 0) (x1 = a )
2 w1 -D = M m sin lm y 2 x1 m =1, 3...
2 w2 =0 2 x2
( x2 = a ) ( x2 = 0 )
2 w2 -D = M m sin lm y 2 x2 m =1, 3...

Page 127
Additional boundary condition continuity:

w1 x1 w2 = x2
x1 = a
x2 = 0
Find constants Am Hm and Mm (9 unknown) using given 9 equations.

Straightforward,
results on next page.

Page 128
Am =
4p 1 coth lm a M m 2 po l a a + 4 ( -1 + cosh lm a ) + 5 o coth lm a - m - cschlm a D sinh lm a 2lm lm b 2 lmb 4 po l5 Db m Cm = 2 p0 l4 Db m
Bm = Dm = Em =
cschlm a M m 2 po + 4 ( -1 + cosh lm a ) 2l D m lm b Fm = 0 Mm coth lm a 2lm D
M ma (1 - coth 2 lm a ) 2lm D Mm 2lm D Hm =
Gm = -
Homework Problem 6
Page 129
A simply supported rectangular plate is under the action of hydrostatic pressure expressed by p = p0x/a, where constant p0 represents the load intensity along the edge x = a.
Homework Problem 6
Page 130
Determine, employing Navier s approach and retaining the first term of the series solution, the equation for the resulting solution:
w= 8 p0 1 px py sin sin p 6D 1 1 2 a b a 2 + b2
Homework Problem 7
Page 131
A water level control structure consists of a vertically positioned simply supported plate. The structure is filled with water up to the upper edge level at x = 0.
Homework Problem 7
Page 132
Show, using Levy s method, that by taking only the first term of the series solution, the value for the deflection at the center for a = b/3 is:
p0 a 4 w = 0.00614 D
Homework Problem 8
Page 133
A rectangular plate is subjected to a uniform loading p0 and supported as shown. Determine the maximum stresses using the strip method.

03 Rectangular

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03 Rectangular

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Page 1

Rectangular Plate - Topics

Fourier Series (5-9) Navier s Solution (10-17)

Levy s Solution (43-53)

Rectangular Plate - Topics

Symmetric Edge Moments (94-100) One Edge Moment (101-104)

Superposition (105-112) Strip Method (113-117)

3 Simply Supported Edges, 1 Fixed Edge (118-121)

Continuous Plates (122-128)

Background: Expressions To Know

d du (sin u ) = cos u dx dx d du (cos u ) = - sin u dx dx d du (sinh u ) = cosh u dx dx d du (cosh u ) = sinh u dx dx

Coefficients are found through the use of orthogonality relations:

To determine the coefficients bn of the following Fourier series:

Multiply both sides by: To obtain:

mpx npx mpx f ( x) sin = bn sin sin L L L n =1

Integrate both sides:

mpx npx mpx f ( x) sin dx = bn sin sin dx L L L L -L

In the same way:

If a function is even so that f(x) = f(-x), then f(x)sin(nx) is odd.

thus bn = 0 for all n.

If a function is odd so that f(x) = -f(-x), then f(x)cos(nx) is even.

thus an = 0 for all n.

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

closed form solutions like circular plates.

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

Solution assumes load and deflection can be represented by Fourier series:

mpx npy sin a b

(x, y ) = amn sin mpx sin npy w a b

amn = coefficients to be determined.

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

Deflections must satisfy the governing differential equation:

Boundary conditions (due to sin terms, automatically satisfied):

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

The general procedure:

integrate from 0 to a and 0 to b:

m 'px n 'py p(x, y )sin a sin b dxdy 0 =

mpx npy m 'px n 'py sin sin sin sin dxdy a b a b

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

orthogonality relations, in this case:

mpx npy sin dxdy a b

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

amn by substituting p(x,y) and w(x,y) expressions into governing equation:

mp 4 mp 2 np 2 np 4 p mpx npy amn sin =0 + 2 + - mn sin a a b b D a b n =1

m 2 n 2 p amnp 4 + - mn = 0 D a b 1 pmn amn = 4 2 2 p D m 2 n + a b

Navier Solution for Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates

expression for amn into w(x,y):

mpx npy sin a b

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

Uniformly distributed load: p(x,y) = p0

mpx npy sin dxdy a b

4p mpx b npy = 0 sin cos np dx ab 0 a b 0 4p mpx b (1 - cos np ) dx = 0 sin ab 0 a np 4 p0 ab a (1 - cos mp ) b (1 - cos np ) mp np

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

mpx npy sin a b

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

deflection occurs at center of plate:

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

m n +n mpx npy a b 2 2 2 sin a sin b n m n mn + a b

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

square plate: a = b Use first term of Fourier series: m = n = 1

Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates Under Various Loadings

first four terms: m,n = 1,3