n|sto|ogy Lecture Note Gastro|ntest|na| 1ract 17

th
Nov 2011


1he sLomach ls dlvlded lnLo four parLs each of whlch have dlfferenL cells and
funcLlons
Cardla Where the contents of the oesophagus empty into the
stomach
lundus Formed by the upper curvature of the organ.
8ody The main, central region.
ylorus The lower section of the organ that facilitates emptying the
contents into the small intestine
1he Lable and dlagram above ls from Wlklpedla !usL Lo glve you all llLLle
lnformaLlon of sLomach
1able of comparlson beLween cardla fundus body and pylorus sLrucLure of plL
and gland
CA8ulA lunuuS Anu
8Cu?
?LC8uS
LengLh of plL shorL Longer/more
deep plL
compared Lo
cardla
very deep plL
Cland 8lg gland wlLh
mulLlple
branchlng
(Lubular
branched cell)
ShorL gland ShorL and
colled gland

n|sto|ogy Lecture Note Gastro|ntest|na| 1ract 17
th
Nov 2011
?ou musL remember AS MCvL lC8WA8u ( l Lhlnk Lhe docLor mean lf we
look aL Lhls Lable above from cardla Lo pylorus)
lL lncrease deep
8ranchlng decrease


As we all know LhaL sLomach secreLe PCL ( whlch ls pP 1 Lo 2 ) buL PCW
S1CMACP WALL Su8vlvL l8CM PCL?
1 1hlck layer of Mucus
Mucus wlll help ln mlxlng acld
PCL wlll mlx and dlgesL eplLhellal cell
8y Lhe Llme PCL wlll desLroy Lhe eplLhellal layer
new layer wlll be formed
8y 2 Lo 3 days
all eplLhellal layer of sLomach wlll be change

2 8lch blood supply
3 rosLaglandln
4 Pormones

LvoluLlon of stomach
8ugae
lncrease surface area of sLomach
glve ablllLy Lo sLomach Lo expand
Whlle ln sma|| |ntest|ne we have

llcae Clrculares
Lo lncrease surface area ln small lnLesLlne
(decrease as go furLher duodenum [e[unum
lleum)
*Lake noLe*
Mucus wlll acL as
physlcal barrler
beLween wall of
sLomach and
eplLhellal cell
*Lake noLe*
llcae clrculares vllll
and mlcrovllll lncrease
Lhe absorpLlve power
600 Llmes due Lo
Lhese speclal
characLerlsLlcs
*Lake noLe*
Mucus columnar
gland aL Lhe
llnlng of
eplLhellum
n|sto|ogy Lecture Note Gastro|ntest|na| 1ract 17
th
Nov 2011

vllll
Also lncrease surface area
SLarLed as leaf llke Lo flngerllke pro[ecLlon
(as go furLher refer Lo sllde 11 on gasLrolnLesLlnal LracL)

(refer Lo sllde no 10 ) Lube llke Lhls ls called lnLesLlnal glands

Mlcrovllll ( on each vlllus)
lnvaglnaLlon of membrane
Also lncrease surface area
Slmple columnar eplLhellum

CobleL cell ( unlcellular gland)
lncrease as movlng downward
Less number ln duodenum and more number ln lleum
SecreLe mucus Lo proLecL Lhe llnlng of lnLesLlne
Pelp neuLrallze sLomach acld


aneLh cell
LocaLed aL Lhe boLLom of each lnLesLlnal gland
SecreLe granules LhaL lnvolved ln lmmune reacLlon
SecreLe subsLances LhaL lnvolved ln lmmune sysLem (lmmunlLy)

eg|on of sma|| |ntest|ne

uuCuLnuM
Submucosa Cland ( 8runel's Cland)
SynLhesls and secreLe mucus
lound ln submucosa layer

lLLuM
resenL of lymphaLlc nodules
M cell ( lmmune cell) presenL cover lympaLhlc nodule
@9
( Pow Lo dlfferenLlaLe reglon)
uuodenum submucosa gland
lleum lympaLhlc nodules
!u[enum nelLher of Lhem
n|sto|ogy Lecture Note Gastro|ntest|na| 1ract 17
th
Nov 2011
LymphaLlc nodule dlscreLe masses

!u!LnuM
ConLaln nelLher lympaLhlc nodule and submucosa gland









Large |ntest|ne
Maln funcLlon
4 absorpLlon of waLer
4 formaLlon of fecal mass from undlgesLlble maLerlal
4 producLlon of mucus LhaL lubrlcaLes Lhe lnLesLlnal surface
Slmple columnar eplLhellum
Wlde lumen
Many gobleL cells (exceed LhaL Lhe number ln small lnLesLlne)






no vllll ln large lnLesLlne
SomeLlmes Lhere ls presence of lymphaLlc folllcles/
nodules
1here ls a collecLlon of adlpose Llssue on ouLer layer
of large lnLesLlne (appendlces eplplolcae)

*Lake noLe*
Slmple columnar
eplLhellum llnlng
of small lnLesLlne
whlch mosL of
Lhem are gobleL
cells
LonglLudlnal Muscle
( lnsLead of belng everywhere ln clrcumference lL ls dlvlded lnLo Lhree groups)

1enlae colll Lhree band of smooLh muscle layer ln large lnLesLlne

*Lake noLe*
Wall of large lnLesLlne
ls llned wlLh slmple
columnar eplLhellum
8u1 change Lo
sLraLlfled squamous
eplLhellum ln anal
canal
n|sto|ogy Lecture Note Gastro|ntest|na| 1ract 17
th
Nov 2011

ectum
Pave four layer
4 Mucosa sLraLlfled squamous eplLhellum
4 Submucosa
4 Muscle layer have skeleLal muscle (for volunLary splnchLer )
4 Subserosa

end|x

SlgnlflcanL componenL of MAL1
llnger llke pro[ecLlon
Same hlsLology as large lnLesLlne (many gobleL cells)
no vllll
narrow shorL and few lnLesLlnal glands
Many lymphaLlc nodules
no Laenlae coll

uocLor sald he cover Lhe wrong verslon of Lhls lecLure he dld noL
dlscuss Lhe Longue So

1ongue
Muscular organ (smooLh skeleLal muscle volunLary)
O 2 verLlcal dlrecLlon Lo move Longue ln
O 2 layers anLeroposLerlor every dlrecLlon
dlrecLlon

1op/ uorsal surface
4 rough
4 conLaln llngual papllla of dlfferenL shape number and
dlsLrlbuLlon

O llllform paplllae mosL promlnenL all over Lhe
Longue conlcal shape look llke small pyramld
n|sto|ogy Lecture Note Gastro|ntest|na| 1ract 17
th
Nov 2011
O lungl form paplllae llke mushroom ln shape few
numbers dlspersed all over Lhe Longue ln
beLween felllform paplllae
O lollaLe paplllae llke small klLchen Lable ln Lhe
sldes of Longue less promlnenL ln human
O vallaLe paplllae very large llke mushroom" cell
ln ground (noL upward) 1012 ln number
dlsLrlbuLed ln fronL Lhe 8
Lh
llne (lndlan numeral)
llne by sulcus Lermlnalls



von Lbner (sallvary) glands
SecreLe mucus LhaL always make Lhe LasLe buds clean
LocaLed aL Lhe boLLom of vallaLe paplllae
1asLe buds
SLem cells dlvlde and glve rlse Lo oLher Lwo Lypes
SupporLlve cells lmmaLure cells
CusLaLory (LasLe) cells


llnlSP

Speclal 1hanks Lo
Arlna nasrl kerana sudl meluangkan masa membanLu sedlklL sebanyak
nablhah MokhLar kerana sudl member l rakaman anda
Aflqah 8aharln kerana sudl memln[amkan noLa dan rakaman anda
Pablbah fadhllah wawa kerana sudl menumpangkan saya dl rumahnya deml lecLure
noLe

1hanks Lo all of you Loo Cood luck ln second exam

uone 8y
AMl8A lA1PlAP


*LakenoLe*
WhaL ls Lhe funcLlon of
Lhls paplllae?
LxcepL for flllform Lhe
oLher Lhree are called
LasLe buds