Macrofloral Diversity of Bulabog - Putian Natural Park, Dingle, Iloilo, Panay Island, Philippines

ERNESTO S. ELEFAN, Nicolas G. Guanzon, Jr

and Gerald Zaragoza

Life Sciences Department, College of Arts & Sciences Central Philippine University, Jaro, Iloilo City Western Visayas College of Science & Technology Leon Campus, Iloilo Province

Background of the Study

* Biodiversity

Pine cone ginger (Zingiber zerumbet)

* 3 Principal levels: Genetic, Species, and Ecosystem

Biodiversity Conservation : a global program & everyones business * To fight environmental degradation * As a Climate change adaptation and mitigation measure * To slow down species extinction

Bulabog-Putian Natural Park Floristic Survey: * determined its species richness /composition * described its vegetation structure

Previous Floristic Studies (Few) 1. Western Visayas * Madulid (2002)- Northwestern Panay (Aklan and Antique) * Hamann, et al (2004)- Submontane tropical forest- Negros Is. * DENR, Region 6 (2007) * Elefan (2002, 2004, 2005)
2.

Bulabog-Putian Natural Park Focus: Basic Inventory of Forest Ecosystem * Fuentes (2004) * Fuentes and Rendaje (2007) * Gallaza (2009)-short list of significant plants and animals

Objectives of the Study:

1. To document and evaluate plant species richness, abundance, and index of diversity that focus on the macroflora of the Classes Angiospermae (flowering plants) and Felicinae (Ferns) and allies. 2. Identify useful but threatened species to be given conservation and protection priority.

Ultimate Goal of the Study: *To provide a more comprehensive baseline information on the nature and status of macrofloral diversity in BPNP to augment the regional biodiversity knowledge and complement the national conservation efforts as measures to adapt to and mitigate climate change.

Materials and Methods

Description of Study Site : * Bulabog -Putian Natural Park is shared by the Municipalities of San Enrique and Dingle, Province of Iloilo. Panay Island, Philippines. * Proclaimed as national park :June 14, 1961, under Proclamation No. 760 by President Carlos P. Garcia * Land area: 847.33 hectares * Geographical coordinates : 11 02 N latitude and 122 40 E longitude

Fig. 1 BPNP Photos (Clockwise) Panoramic view of Bulabog-Putian Natural Park (above); the gateway to base camp; self-imposing activity guide map; and an olden park administration building.

GEOPHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BPNP 1. Bedrocks of karst limestones, Very much common 2. Soil type ( Variable) : from loam, silty loam, sandy loam and clay loam. 3. Soil pH : 6.2 to 7.75 (slightly acidic to slightly alkaline) 4. Area slope: 4 % to 18% which a rolling to steeply rolling site 5. Elevation ranges from 42 to 300 masl 6. Habitat Temperature (Sampling period): 23C to 33C 7. Type of climate: * No pronounced maximum rain period, with a short dry season lasting only from one to three months. * The average monthly rainfall during the sampling from June to December 2009 was 226.64 mm (PAGASA, 2010).

Dingle, Iloilo

Photo #

Panay Island

Site 2-B: Sitio Pakpak banog , Barangay Lincud

Site 1: Guiso Cave Vicinity, Moroboro side, BPNP

Site 2-A: Sitio Tina, Brgy Moroboro

Fig. 2 Topographic map of Dingle, Iloilo, Philippines (11 2'N latitude and 122 40'E longitude, NAMRIA.) showing the 3 study sites along the Jalaur River System

Reconnaissance: June and July 2009 * Determines vegetation gradient and type of plant community * Allows equal representation of all plant species * Ensures the validity of data collected

Selection of Two sampling sites

1. The Protected Forest Ecosystem along trail upward to Guiso cave (1002'00" N latitude, 12240'04" E longitude); Elevation : 190 masl, (Brgy. Moroboro side) 2. The Riverine ecosystem * Sitio Tina of Brgy. Moroboro (11 0106 N latitude, 122 3924E longitude) at 42 masl elevation * Sitio Pakpak Banog, Brgy. Lincud (110126 N latitude, 1223877 E longitude) at 43 masl elevation

1 2

Photos 1-4. The team conducting reconnaissance of the Protected forest ecosystem before finally establishing the sampling plots in the vicinity of Guiso cave trail.

Site 2-A. (Riverine). Sitio Tina River bank, Brgy. Moroboro, Dingle, Iloilo, Philippines

Site 2-B. (Riverine). Sitio Pakpak Banog, Brgy. Lincud, Dingle, Iloilo, Philippines. The Research Team bound for Pakpak Banog, Brgy. Lincud, Dingle, Iloilo to conduct a reconnaissance of the area where to establish the sampling plots. In photos are Foresters Dams Fuentes, Bert Gallaza, and Gerard Zaragoza; botanists Prof. Ernesto Elefan, Dr, Nicolas Guanzon and Prof. Joselito Mendoza.

Riverine Ecosystem Site 2-B in Pakpak Banog, Lincud, Dingle Iloilo. The research team members-Dr. Nicolas Guanzon Joselito Mendoza, Bert Gallaza, Dams Fuentes, Gerard Zaragoza , and Francis Capino (upper left); with Dr. Nic Guanzon (green shirt). Pear Solis (lower, left) and F. Capino (Lower, right) establishing the transect and quadrates for the sampling plots that covers a brushland, grassland, and marshy land

SAMPLING METHOD : Modified Quadrate Method

* 200-meter transect laid across the vegetation gradient 4 stations 50 m apart. 2 quadrates (10 x 10 m), 5 meters apart, opposite each other along the transect 8 quadrates / sampling site. Total sampling area ( 2 ecosystem types) = 1,600 m.

Data Collection and Analyses A. Plant species composition /quadrate 1. Listed, counted, identified, and classified according to their accepted taxonomic nomenclature . 2. Photographs : Vegetative and Reproductive Parts

B. Determined: 1. Species richness (S): counting the number of plant species /quadrate 2. Relative density (ni) : counting the number of individuals of all species found in the eight quadrates per transect. 3. Relative abundance (Pi): counting the number of individuals of a given species divided by the total number of individuals of all species found. 4. Shannon-Weiner Index of Species Diversity

RESULTS

Table 1.Floral composition in the two- ecosystem types in BulabogPutian Natural Park, Dingle, Iloilo, Philippines.
Ecosystem Types Total individuals (N) Number of families Number Number of genera of species Flowering species.
No. %

Non-flowering species
No. %

Protected Forest 7,007 56 110 126 120 95.24 6 4.80

Riverine
Ecosystem Combined Assessment 50,473 68 178 218 208 95.41 10 4.59 43,466 54 110 137 127 92.70 10 7.29

Table 2. Distribution of flowering and non-flowering species according to major plant groups in the two ecosystem types in Bulabog -Putian Natural Park, Dingle, Iloilo, Philippines.

Ecosystem Types
Trees

Flowering Plant Species

Shrubs Herbs Climbers/ Vines Palms

Non flowering
Ferns allies and

No

No.

No.

No.

No .

No.

Protected Forest Ecosystem

71

56.35

24

19.20

10

7.94

14

10.40

0.79

4.80

(1)
55 40.15 25 18.25 28 20.44 13 9.49 6

(6)
4.38 10 7.30

Riverine Ecosystem

(1)

(6)

Table 3-A. Major Plant Families Protected Forest Ecosystem with at least 4 Species and Genera Plant Families (11) Number of species Families (7) Number of genera

Euphorbiaceae
Moraceae Annonaceae Araceae Sterculiaceae Zingiberaceae Anacardiaceae

9
7 5 5 5 5 5

Euphorbiaceae
Annonaceae Araceae Anacardiaceae Sapindaceae Moraceae Zingiberaceae

6
6 5 5 4 4 4

Sapindaceae
Burseraceae Rutaceae Verbenaceae

5
4 4 4

Table 4. Composite plant diversity status of the two ecosystem types in Bulabog-Putian Natural Park, Dingle,Iloilo, Philippines showing their recorded abundance (N), species richness (S), and diversity Index (H).

Ecosystem types

Abundance (N)

Species richness (S) 126

Diversity Index (H) 2.69

(moderate level)

Protected Forest
Ecosystem

7,007

43,466 Riverine Ecosystem

137

3.30
(moderate level)

Table 5. Comparison of plant diversity status among major plant groups in the two- ecosytem types in BulabogPutian Natural Park, Dingle, Iloilo, Philippines.

Major Plant Groups Trees Shrubs Herbs Climbers/vines Palms Ferns/Allies

ECOSYSTEM TYPES Protected Forest Ecosystem Riverine Ecosystem

N 3,267 495 1,043 224 210 1,768

S 71 23 10 14 01 06

H 1.94 1.67 1.52 1.78 0.00 0.44

N 772 831 40,558 994 17 379

S 55 25 28 13 06 10

H 2.94 2.00 2.01 1.49 1.64 1.62

Table 6. Plants within the sampling plots with threatened conservation status and their occurrence in Bulabog-Putian Natural Park, Dingle, Iloilo, Philippines
Taxon (N=28) 1. Diospyrus philippensis 2. Pterocarpus indicus forma echinatus 3. Shorea negrosensis 4. Pterocymbium tinctorium Local / Common Name Kamagong Prickly narra Red lauan Taluto Ebenaceae Papilionaceae Dipterocarpaceae Sterculiaceae CE CE CE VS / Rare Family Name Conservation Status Occurrence Protected Riverine Forest X X X X _ _ X

5. Koordersiodendron
pinnatum 6. Ficus pseudopalma 7. Gmelina arborea 8. Ficus ulmifolia 9. Artocarpus blancoi 10. Alstonia macrophylla 11. Calophyllum inophyllum 12. Cratoxylum sumatranum 13. Cordia dichotoma 14. Dysoxylum decandrum

Amugis
Niog-niogan Yemane Isis Antipolo Batino Bitaog Paguringon Anonang Igyo

Anacardiaceae
Moraceae Verbenaceae Moraceae Moraceae Araliaceae Clusiaceae Hypericaceae Annonaceae Meliaceae VS VS VS VS VS DS DS DS DS DS

X
X X X X X X X

X X X X X

15. Guioa koelrueteria 16. Litsea glutinosa 17. Mallotus philippensis 18. Parkia timoriana 19. Rollinia deliciosa 20. Strombosia philippenensis

Alahan Sablot Banato Kupang Biriba Tamayuan

Sapindaceae Luraceae Euphorbiaceae Mimosaceae Annonaceae Oleacaceae Sterculiaceae Apocynaceae Anacardiaceae Burseraceae Rubiaceae Sapindaceae Araliacaea Sterculiaceae

DS DS DS DS DS DS DS DS DS DS DS DS DS DS

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X -

21. Pterospermum diversifolium Bayok 22. Wrigthia pubescens 23.Buchanania arborescens 24. Canarium asperum 25. Nauclea orientalis 26. Pometia pinnata 27. Polyscias nodosa 28. Pterospermum obliquum Lanite Balinghasai Pagsahingin Bangkal Malugai Malapapaya Kulatingan

28 species =12.8% (Threatened) of the 218 plant species

Definition of Terms on Conservation Status (Section 1,R.A. 9147 Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act)
1. Critically Endangered Species (CES)= refers to species or subspecies facing extreme high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. 2. Endangered species (ES)= species or subspecies that is NOT critically endangere but whose survival in the wild in UNLIKELY if the causal factors continue operating. 3. Vulnerable species (VS)= species or subspecies that is NEITHER critically endangered or endangered BUT IS UNDER THREAT from adverse factors and is likely to move up to endangered category 4. DEPLETED SPECIES (DS)= those species which number is diminishing due to overexploitation or utilization. 5. Threatened species (TS)= a general term denoting the different conservation status as CE, ES, VS or DS.

DAO No. 2007-01 DENR RELEASED THE NATIONAL LIST OF THREATENED PHILIPPINES PLANTS AND THEIR CATEGORIES

1)Critically endangered 2) Endangered 3) Vulnerable 4) Other Threatened 5) Other wildlife

101 186 177 64 169

Total= 697 Phil plant species that require conservation and protection priority

Kamagong or mabolo

Kulatingan

Alahan

Diospyrus philippensis

Pterospermum obliquum

Guioa koelrueteria

Park

Some Threatened Plant Species in Bulabog-Putian Natural

Paguringon

Bayok

Pterospermum diversifolium Cratoxylum sumatranum

Taluto
Pterocymbium tinctorium

Biriba (Rollinia deliciosa) Malugai (Pometia pinnata)

Prickly narra ( P. indicus forma echinarus

Red lauan (S. negrosensis)

Isis (Ficus ulmifolia)

Niog-niogan(F. pseudopalma) Banato(Mallotus philippensis ) Sablot (Litsea glutinosa)

Bitaog or Dankalan ( Calophyllum inophyllum L.)-Family Clusiaceae

Emerging indigenous energy tree ; potential biodiesel fuel source 1. Mature and dried seed yields about 65% oil (dw). 2. Highest per tree oil yield of 75 plants tested with ave. oil yield is 11.7 kg-oil/tree or 4680 kg-oil /ha. 3 Traded internationally as tamanu oil or foraha oil which retail price > US$ 450/ liter (2005) 4. Raw material for soap making,a carrier oil, skin moisturizer, hair oil, and for aromatherapy 5. Seed oil fatty-acid methyl ester meets all of the major biodiesel requirements in the USA, Germany, and European Union. 6. Oil shows anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial and insecticidal activity ; seed and leaf extracts showed significant molluscicidal and piscicidal activity, respectively. 7. The recent discovery is its anti HIV-AIDS and anticancer property called Coumarin 8. Prized timber for carving, cabinet making, and boat building

New Record
A new but unidentified plant species was found ! Dr. Gruezo , UPLB (2010) placed it under Annonaceae family (?) and identified it as amuyon (Goniothalamus amuyon?) but unconfirmed. Dr. Alfredo Vendiville and Dr. Noe Gapas of the National Museum of the Philippines and Forester Damaso Fuentes (2009) ,Chief , PAWD, DENR-6 placed it under Rubiaceae Family but with no specific identification. This plant species was found on both sides of mine trail in the vicinity of Guiso cave and has been observed to have preference for shaded or cool habitat as revealed by their particular location in the park.

Plant Description:
This sparsely branching shrub is between 10 to 15 feet tall and morphologically resembles coffee plant. WOODY STEM rough with short adventitious roots that develop just above the basal part. LEAVES, simple, entire, opposite, oblong to elliptic; base, rounded or blunt, 15.0-23.5cm long, 5.4 - 10.7 cm wide; tip, mucronate;

upper side (adaxial), dark green; lower side (abaxial), light green, glabrous; LEAF
VENATION is reticulate with prominent midrib; leaf stalk, 1.0-1.7 cm; FRUITS indehiscent, berry like- or drupaceous but reportedly unedible attractive fruits in a cluster of 7 to 20 arising from a thick peduncle about 3.4 mm long; axillary, terminally,

and laterally located, fruits are green when mature but turns light blue to blue-gray
when ripe, shiny, arising from a pedicel 3.0 cm long ; one-seeded; SEED- single or solitary, hard, light brown, 4-angled; ovate, with both ends pointed, about 1.8 cm in diameter, and 2 cm long. INFLORESCENCE is umbellate , axillary, terminal, and lateral; a cluster of yellow, cup-shaped flowers, about 1 cm in diameter arising from a common point of inflorescence stalk; petals fused (gamopetalous), somewhat thick (Photos below)

WHO AM I ?

In search for the true identity of this beautiful unknown plant species which is a potential material for for landscaping and bonsaimaking, assistance was sought from a number of foresters and plant experts including some foreign consultants detailed in the various institutions in the Philippines.

Ms. M. Cajano, UPLB Herbarium Museum technician under Dr. William Gruezo

Dr.Wilfredo Vendivil and Dr. Noe Gapas, NMP, Botany Division, Manila

Dr Thomas Kunzel, Forester J. Visiting Pakistani scientist Espiritu,and Henry Jamandron, PESCP, Pandan, Antique

Prof. Forester Rogelio Felizardo, ASU, Banga, Aklan

BPNP Supt. Bert Gallaza second from left

Dr. Christian Staiss ( German Consultant) and Dr. Mary Ann S. Dagunan (Dean, Forestry) ,NSCAF, Kabankalan

Having no confirmed identification I give this beautiful plant species its fancy name

Elefan Blue Marble Plant

Conclusions of the Study

1. The Riverine ecosystem recorded a higher species richness (S=137) compared with that of the Protected Forest Ecosystem (S=-126)

2. There were 218 plant species under 178 genera and 68 families in the study area of 0.16 ha. compared to the typical 140 300 species/ha of a typical tropical lowland forest. 3. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index calculations for the Protected Forect ecosystem (H=2.69) and Riverine ecosystem (H=3.30 ) showed a moderate level of plant diversity. 4. At least 28 (12.8%) of the plant species inventoried have threatened conservation status and a few are rare.

5. Vegetation analysis of the areas sampled revealed

the Protected forest ecosystem belonged a tropical secondary lowland forest while the Riverine Ecosystem is a mixed vegetation type of brushland, grassland, and plantation crops. 6. Threats to BPNP biodiversity include:

a) influx of a great number of visitors at a time (nature ecotourism) b) minor forest resources utilization such as

1. charcoal- making, 2. fuel wood gathering 3. land clearing, 4. upland cultivation, and 5. intermittent selective illegal cutting of trees

Some Threats to Biodiversity

Charcoal-making in Sitio Pakpak Banog, Brgy. Lincud

Fuel wood gathering Improper disposal of garbage at the heart of BPNP

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. For environmental security, local and national government must implement stringent policy on: CPR (Conserve, Protect, Rehabilitate) 1.1. Conservation and protection of the existing plant species especially the endemic and indigenous. There is a need to propagate some other species of high economic value but threatened and vulnerable and conserve ex situ not only those commonly found in the BPNP nursery like mahogany and malugai. 1.2. Rehabilitation or reforestation of areas depleted or denuded of plants in order to attain a high level of biodiversity and restore the park's natural state and to enhance productivity and carbon sinks. 2. Promote Iloilo ecotourism using BPNP as a model to enhance environmental awareness among the people most especially on the role and impact of forest ecosystems to humans.

3. There is

need for sustainable management of BPNP to attain its fullest potential as a natural ecotourism site in Iloilo Province and as one source of livelihood of the local stakeholders surrounding the park. 4. The local government should lobby for additional logistics support to improve the park to attract more tourists but in conformity with the laws governing natural and national parks.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT The research team is earnestly indebted to the following:

SU-CHED Zonal Research Center, Dumaguete City for the fund through the effort of Dr. Angel Alcala and Dr. Orencio Lachica;
2. Field researchers,Prof. Forester Gerard Zaragoza (WVCST, Leon Campus) and Joselito Mendoza (WVCST, La Paz campus) for sharing their expertise on plant identification and in gathering and consolidating the data; 3. BPNP-DENR personnel for their significant help and admirable hospitality led by PASU Bert Gallaza, Extension Worker Rose Marie Carpiso and Monica Parangal, Forest, Forest Rangers Nestor Mallorca and Julius Galeno; 4. DENR-6 Wildlife zcar Chief Forester Damaso Fuentes for his invaluable technical and material resources assistance and serving as our local consultant on the taxonomy of forest plants; 5. Philippine Endemic Species Conservation Project (PESCP), Pandan, Antique personnel for the wam hospitality during my brief research visit and sharing useful printed materials on dendrology led by Prof. Dr. Thomas Kunzel, Asst. Project Manager Henry Jamandron,and especially Forester John Espiritu who accompanied me during field visits on areas of dendrological significance; 6. Aklan State University personnel- Prof. Forester Rogelio Felizardo, Dr. Cecille Orillos-Legazpi and Dr. Clyde Guino-o Abayon for facilitating my visit and shared some technical materials; 7. UPLB personnel- Plant Taxonomist Dr. William S, Gruezo, and Natural Museum of History technician Mary Ann Cajano, for helping me identify unconfirmed plant species in photographs; and Dr. Nelson Pampolina of the College of Forestry for a copy of the Lexicon of Philippine Plant Names. 8. National Museum of the Philippines,Manila personnel- Dr. Wilfredo F. Vendivil and Dr. Noe B. Gapas who helped in confirming and validating some taxonomically confusing plants captured in photos. 9.Our plant systematics and Ecology students and those of Prof. G. Zaragoza Whohelped in the data gathering especially Pearl Solis, Emmy Grace Cabuguid, Ju Hee, Hee Jun Woo, Heeyon Woo, Florence Mae Javelosa, and Arnie de la Cruz. 10. Finally, Ms. Anne Elefan who helped with the initial paper editing, SW index calculations, and plant vouchers examination at the National Herbarium Museum in Manila, Philippines.

1. The

THANK YOU !

Susong Kalabaw (Uvaria rufa) Pandakaki (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui)

Appendixes

Table 7. Composite inventory of vascular plants present inside the sampling plots established along Guiso Cave trail (Upland ecosystem) of BNPN . The taxa are arranged alphabetically with their family, relative density (ni), relative abundance (Pi) ,and diversity index (H).
Local / Common Names Agpoi Alagao Alahan Alangingi Scientific Name Family ni Pi H

Bauhinia integrifolia Premna odorata Guioa koelreuteria Cayratia trifolia

Caesalpinaceae Verbenaceae Sapindaceae Vitaceae

64 02 30 05

0.009166 0.000287 0.004296 0.000716

- 0.0429 - 0.00228 - 0.02338 - 0.00519

Alas-as
Albutra Alim Alipung Amamali Amugis Anagas/Kamiring Anona Anonang Antipolo Antol

Pandanus luzoniensis
Arcangelisia flava Melanolepis multiglandulosa Gmelina philippinensis Leea aculeata Koordersiodendron pinnatum Semecarpus elmerii Calochidion sp. Cordia dichotoma Artocarpus blanco Anacardium sp.

Pandanaceae
Menispermaceae Euphorbiaceae Verbenaceae Leeaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Boraginaceae Moraceae Anacardiaceae

09
57 01 02 08 12 06 14 01 02 04

0.001289
0.008164 0.000143 0.000287 0.001146 0.001719 0.000859 0.002005 0.000143 0.000287 0.000573

- 0.00858
-0.03925 - 0.00127 -0.00228 -0.00776 -0.01138 -0.00606 -0.01246 -0.00127 -0.0.0023 -0.00043

Anubing Aplas Arangen Asin-asin Ayo Bagauak / Bagauak Bahai Bakan

Artocarpus ovatus Ficus irisana Ganophyllum falcatum Annona sp. Tetrastigma harmandii Clerodendrum minahassae Ormosia calavensis Litsea perrotetii

Moraceae Moraceae Sapindaceae Annonaceae Vitaceae Verbenaceae Papilionaceae Lauraceae

02 04 03 04 06 05 03 19

0.000287 0.005729 0.000429 0.000429 0.000859 0.000716 0.000429 0.002721

-0.00228 -0.00428 -0.00333 -0.00428 -0.00606 -0.00519 -0.00333 -0.01607

Balinghasai
Baling-uai Balit / Barit (Pn) Banag Banai-banai Banato Banawak Banilad Bari-bari Batino

Buchanania arborescens
Flagellaria indica Erioglossum rubiginosum Smilax bracteata Rodermachera pinnata Mallotus philippinensis Uvaria rubra Sterculia comosa Saurauia sp. Alstonia macrophylla

Anacardiaceae
Flagillariaceae Sapindaceae Liliaceae Bignoniaceae Euphorbiaceae Annonaceae Sterculiaceae Actinidiaceae Araliaceae

02
32 20

0.000287
0.004583 0.002865

-0.00228
-0.02468 -0.01677

01 04 22 02 01 54 03

0.000193 0.000573 0.003151 0.000287 0.000143 0.007730 0.000429 0.000572

-0.00127 -0.00428 -0.01815 -0.00228 -0.00127 -0.03760 -0.00333

Bato-bato babae
Bayanti

Xantophyllum flasvescens
Mallotus paniculatus

Polygalaceae
Euphorbiaceae

04
01 0.000143

-0.00428
-0.00127

Bongo-og Buko-buko

Vitex glabrata Blechum brownei

Lamiaceae Acanthaceae

01 04

0.000143 0.000573

-0.00127 -0.00428

Burakan
Burubanati Buyo-buyo Climbing bamboo Dalunot Diliwariw Duklitan Dulit Green arrow alocasia Hagnaya Igyo Kahoy dalaga Kaikal

Merremia peltata
Murraya sp. Piper abbreviatum Dinochloa scadens Pipturus arborescens Acanthus ilecifolius Pouteria duclitan Canarium hirsutum Alocasia sp. Polygala venenosa Dysoxylum decandrum Mussaenda philippica Adiantum philippense

Convolvulaceae
Rutaceae Piperaceae Poaceae Urticaceae Acanthaceae Sapotaceae Burseraceae Araceae Polygalaceae Meliaceae Rubiaceae Adiantaceae

04
03 01 28 02 269 10 25 136 06 07 04 1480

0.000573
0.004296 0.000134 0.004010 0.000287 0.038527 0.001432 0.003580 0.005156 0.000859 0.001003 0.000573 0..211974

-0.00428
-0.00333 -0.00127 -0.02213 -0.00228 -0.12546 -0.00938 -0.03267 -0.07670 -0.00606 -0.00692 -0.00428 -0.32883

Kaliantan
Kalios Kamagong Kamia Kamingi/Batikuling Kamuning Kangko Kape

Leea philippinensis
Streblus asper Diospyrus philippinensis Hedychium coronarium Dacryodes incurvata Murraya paniculata Aphanamixis polystachya Coffea robusta

Leeaceae
Moraceae Ebenaceae Zingiberaceae Burseraceae Rutaceae Meliaceae Rubiaceae

03
05 03 458 01 02 09 824

0.004297
0.000716 0.004296 0.065597 0.000134 0.000287 0.001289 0.118018

-0.00333
-0.00127 -0.00333 -0.17868 -0.00127 -0.00228 -0.00855 -0.02522

Laniting gubat Lanutan Large leaf mahogany Libas Ligtang Lipang kalabaw Lunas /Sawi Malaikmo

Kibatalia blancoi Miliusa vidal Swietenia macrophylla Spondias pinnata Anamirta cocculus Laportea meyeniana Lunasia sp. Celtis philippensis

Apocynaceae Annonaceae Meliaceae Anacardiaceae Menispermacea Urticaceae Rutaceae Celtidaceae

02 02 06 02 06 11 07 04

0.000287 0.000287 0.000859 0.000287 0.000859 0.001576 0.001003 0.000573

-0.00228 -0.00228 -0.00606 -0.00228 -0.00606 -0.01017 -0.00692 -0.00428

Malapingan
Malugai Manunggal Marakape Monstera Narra Nato Niog-niogan Nitong puti Oak-leaf fern Pagsahingin Pagsahingin bulog

Trichadenia philippinensis
Pometia pinnata Quassia indica Fragreae racemosa Monstera sp. Pterocarpus indicus Palaquim luzoniense Ficus pseudopalma Lygodium circinatum Drynaria quercifolia Canarium asperum Canarium calophyllum

Flacourtiaceae
Sapindaceae Simaroubaceae Loganiaceae Araceae Papilionaceae Sapotaceae Moraceae Schizaesaceae Polypodiaceae Burseraceae Burseraceae

03
11 02 03 01 21 02 11 32 202 13 07

0.004296
0.001576 0.000287 0.004296 0.000143 0.003308 0.000287 0.001576 0.004583 0.028932 0.001862 0.001003

-0/00333
-0.01017 -0.00228 -0/00333 -0.00127 -0.01746 -0.00228 -0.01017 -0.02468 -0.10249 -0.01170 -0.00692

Pungapong Puso-puso Red lauan Sablot Saling uwak Salingogon Sampinit San Francisco Silver leaf fern/ Pakonggubat Stepladder Tabhisan Taguang -uwak Taluto Tamayuan Taquipan Tibig

Amorphophallus campanulatus Neolitsea vidalii Shorea negrorensis Litsea glutinosa Clerodendron quadriculare Cratoxylum formosum Caesalpina nuga Codieaum variegatum Pityrogramma calomelanos Catimbium speciosum Talauma reticulata Croton leiophyllus Pterocymbium tinctorium Strombosia philippenensis Karyota cumingii Ficus nota

Araceae Lauraceae Dipterocarpaceae Lauraceae Verbenaceae Clusiaceae Caesalpinaceae Euphorbiaceae Adiantaceae Zingiberaceae Magnoliaceae Euphorbiaceae Sterculiaceae Oleacaceae Arecaceae Moraceae

18 03 02 18 03 02 02 67 01 26 05 08 193 04 210 01

0.002578 0.004296 0.000287 0.002578 0.004296 0.000287 0.000287 0.009590 0.000143 0.003724 0.000143 0.001146 0.027642 0.000573 0.003002 0.000143

-0.01537 -0/00333 -0.00228 -0.01537 -0/00333 -0.00228 -0.00228 -0.04459 -0.00127 -0.02083 -0.00127 -0.00776 -0.09919 -0.00428 -0.01746 -0.00127

Tiger aglaonema
Tola-tola Toothed philodendron Tugis Tuka Tulibastilos

Aglaonema sp.
Mallotus lackeyi Philodendron lacerum Alpinia brevilabris Wikstroemia lanceolata Micromelum minutum

Araceae
Euphorbiaceae Araceae Zingiberaceae Thymelaeaceae Rutaceae

188
03 14 03 02 40

0.026926
0.004296 0.002005 0.004296 0.000287 0.005729

-0.09733
-0.00333 -0.01246 -0.00333 -0.00228 -0.02957

Table 8. Composite Inventory of vascular plants present inside the sampling plots established in Sitio Tina, Brgy. Moroboro and Sitio Pakpak Banog, Brgy Lincud (Riverine Ecosystem),BPNP,Dingle Iloilo, The taxa are arrabged alphabetically with their family, relative density (ni), relative abundance (Pi and Diversity index (H).

Common / Local Name African oil palm Alagao Alim

Scientific Name Elaeis guineensis Premna odorata Melanolepis multiglandulosa

Family Arecaceae Verbenaceae Euphorbiacae

( ni ) 01 06 01

(Pi) -0.000023 -0.000014 -0.000023

( H) -0.00025 -0.00012 -0.00025

Alipung
Amamali Amorseco Anagas Anahaw Avocado Badlan Bagauak

Gmelina philippinensis
Leea aculeata Chrysopogon aciculatus Semecarpus elmerii Livistona rotundifolia Litsea glutinosa Radermachera sibuyanensis Clerodendrum minahasse

Verbenaceae
Leeaceae Poaceae Anacardiaceae Arecaceae Lauraceae Bignoniaceae Lamiacea

38
11 44 17 04 02 67 04

-0.000874
-0.000253 -0.001012 -0.000391 -0.000092 -0.000046 -0.001541 -0.000092

-0.00260
-0.00210 -0.00697 -0.00710 -0.00090 -0.00050 -0.00990 -0.00090

Balinghasai
Baludgangan Banana (sab-a)

Buchanania arborescencs
Digitaria setigera Musa paradisiaca

Anacardiaceae
Poacea Musaceae

12
172 12

-0.000276
-0.003957 -0.000276

-0.00230
-0.02190 -0.00230

Bangkal Bayabas

Nauclea orientalis Psidium guajava

Rubiaceae Myrtaceae

21 05

-0.000483 -0.000115

-0.00040 -0.00100

Bayanti
Bayok Bignai Bika Binunga Biriba Bitongol Boerhavia Bongo-og Borreria Buko-buko Bunga Bungot-bungot Buntot kapon

Mallotus paniculatus
Pterospermum diversifolium Antidesma bunius Ampelocissus martini Macaranga tanarius Rollinia deliciosa Flacourtia rukam Boerhaavia erecta Vitex glabrata Borreria laevis Cynodon dactylon Areca catechu Fimbristylis miliacea Pteris mutilata

Euphorbiaceae
Sterculiaceae Euphorbiaceae Vitaceae Euphorbiaceae Annonaceae Flacourtiaceae Nyctaginaceae Lamiaceae Rubiaceae Poaceae Arecaceae Cyperaceae Pteridaceae

01
01 07 20 05 02 01 05 02 21 855 04 86 03

-0.000023
-0.000023 -0.000161 -0.00046 -0.000115 -0.000046 -0.000023 -0.000115 -0.000046 -0.000483 -0.01967 -0.000092 -0.001978 -0.000069

-0.00025
-0-.00025 -0.00010 -0.00040 -0.00100 -0.00050 -0.00025 -0.00100 -0.00050 -0.00040 -0.07730 -0.00090 -0.01230 -0.00070

Burakan Buri

Merremia similis Corypha utan

Convolvulaceae Arecaceae

40 01 02 01 22 579 14 126 5,048 148 36 03 13 06 77 10

-0.000920 -0.000020 -0.000046 -0.000023 -0.000506 -0.013320 -0.000322 -0.00289 -0.116136 -0.003405 -0.000828 -0.000069 -0.000299 -0.000014 -0.001770 -0.000230

-0.00640 -0.00025

Burobotones
Calamansi Camachille Carabao grass Cauit-cauitan Centrosema Chico Climbing bamboo Cogon Common Sword fern Coronitas Dalugdug Dalunot Dapong kahoy Dilang aso Dilang baka

Cyperus kyllingia
Citrus mitis Pithecelobium dulce Paspalum conjugatum Cenchrus echinatus Centrosema pubescens Manilkara zapota Dinochloa scandens Imperata cylindrica Nephrolepis cordifolia Lantana camara Caesalpina crista Pipturus arborescens Scurrula philippensis
Pseudoelephantopus spicatus Elephantopus tomentosus

Cyperaceae
Rutaceae Mimosaceae Poaceae Poaceae Papilionaceae Sapotaceae Poaceae Poaceae Oleandraceae Verbenaceae Caesalpinaceae Urticaceae Loranthaceae Asteraceae Asteraceae

12,084 -0.278010

-0.35590
-0.00050 -0.00025 -0.34170 -0.00380 -0.05750 -0.00026 -0.01690 -0.25000 -0.01930 -0.00590 -0.00070 -0.00240 -0.00012 -0.01120 -0.00190

10,275 -0.236390

Ground orchid Hagonoy

Habenaria sp. Chromolaena odorata

Orchidaceae Asteraceae

03
1,342

-0.000069 -0.030870

-0.00070 -0.10740

Halos
Hauli Igyo Ipil-ipil Isis Kabkab Kahoy dalaga Kakawati Kalios Kaliskis dalag Kaliskis carabao Kalubay Kalukoi Kamoteng Kahoy Kamuning Kangkong

Digitaria ciliaris
Ficus septica Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum Leucaena leucocephala Ficus ulmifolia Drynaria quercifolia Mussaenda philipicca Gliricidia sepium Streblus asper Desmodium triflorum Desmodium sp. Lagenaria siceraria Ficus callosa Manihot esculenta Murraya paniculata Ipomoea aquatica

Poaceae
Moraceae Meliaceae Mimosaceae Moraceae Polypodiaceae Rubiaceae Papilionaceae Moraceae Papilionaceae Papilionaceae Convolvulacee Moraceae Euphorbiacae Rutaceae Convolvulaceae

637
04 19 35 05 32 11 13 10
1,585

-0.014650
-0.000092 -0.000437 -0.000800 -0.000115 -0.000730 -0.000253 -0.000299 -0.000230 -0.036460 -0.003313 -0.000023 -0.000069 -0.000092 -0.000023 -0.000805

-0.06190
-0.00090 -0.00340 -0.00057 -0.00100 -0.00530 -0.00210 -0.00240 -0.00190 -0.12070 -0.01880 -0.00025 -0.00070 -0.00090 -0.00025 -0.05740

144 01 03 04 01 35

Kape

Coffea robusta

Rubiaceae

77

-0.001770

-0.01121

Karaksan
Kawayan tinik Kayos /Nami Kollo-kollot Kurukauayan

Linociera ramiflora
Bambusa blumeana Dioscorea hispida Urena lobata Leptochloa chinensis

Oleaceae
Poaceae Dioscoriaceae Malvaceae Poaceae

05
34 09 02 4,258

-0.000115
-0.000780 -0.000207 -0.000046 -0.097960

-0.00100
-0.00560 -0.00180 -0.00050 -0.22750

Langka
Langkauas / Pine cone ginger Lanite Large leaf Mahogany Libas Limonsito Lisak

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Alpinia zerumbet Wrigthia pubescens Swietenia macrophylla Spondias pinnata Triphasia trifolia Neonauclea bartlingii

Moraceae
Zingiberaceae Apocynaceae Meliaceae Anacardiaceae Rutaceae Rubiaceae

02
379 01 81 02 01 01

-0.000046
-0.008719 -0.000023 -0.001860 -0.000046 -0.000023 -0.000023

-0.00050
-0.04130 -0.000250 -0.01170 -0.00050 -0.00025 -0.00025

Makahiya
Makahiyang lalake

Mimosa pudica
Biophytum senssitivum

Mimosaceae
Mimosaceae

339
04

-0.007799
-.0000920

-0.03780
-0.00090

Malaikmo
Malapapaya

Celtis philippensis
Polyscias nodosa

Celtidaceae
Araliaceae

44
03

-0.000101
-0.000069

-0.00690
-0.00070

Malapingan

Trichadenia philippinensis

Flacourtiaceae

14

-0.000322

-0.00026

Malugai
Mango (Indian) Morning glory Mungo-mungo /Balatong aso Mutha / Sudsud Nino / Bankudo Niog Niog-niogan Nito Nitong parang /small-leaved climbing fern Nitong Puti Oyampong Paguringon Pakiling Palawan gabi Payang-payang / Kalaykay Pteris Pugo-pugo Puso-puso

Pometia pinnata
Mangifera indica Ipomoea triloba Calopogonium muconoides Cyperus rotundus Morinda citrifolia Cocos nucifera Ficus pseudopalma Lygodium flexousom Lygodium mircophyllum Lygodium circinnatum Ipomoea triloba Cratoxylum Sumatranum Ficus odorata Cyrtosperma merkusii Flemingia strobilifera Pteris sp. Cyperus brevifolius Neolitseae vidalii

Sapindaceae
Anacardiaceae Convolvulaceae Papilionaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Arecaceae Moraceae Schizaeaceae Schizaeaceae Schizaeaceae Convolvulaceae Hypericaceae Moraceae Araceae Papilionaceae Pteridaceae Cyperaceae Lauraceae

31
04 05 44 1551 01 05 127 05 04 21 02 13 28 07 03 52 33 01

-0.000713
-0.000092 -0.000115 -0.000101 -0.035680 -0.000069 -0.000115 -0.002920 -0.000115 -0.000092 -0.000483 -0.000046 -0.000299 -0.000644 -0.00016 -0.000069 -0.001196 -0.000759 -0.000069

-0.00520
-0.00090 -0.00100 -0.00690 -0.11890 -0.00070 -0.00100 -0.01700 -0.00100 -0.00090 -0.00370 -0.00050 -0.00240 -0.00470 -0.00140 -0.00070 -0.00800 -0.00550 -0.00070

Rambutan Sablot

Nephelium lappaceum Litsea sebifera

Sapindaceae Lauraceae

01 13

-0.000069 -0.000299

Salingogon
San Pedro Sibukaw Silver leaf fern Singilan/Kandingkanding Sintimento Subsuban Takinis Takip asin Takling baka

Cratoxylum formosum
Phyllanthus niruri Caesalpina sappan Pityrogramma calomelanos Ageratum conyzoides Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Polygonum barbatum Ficus cumingii Macaranga grandiflora Sida rhombifolia

Clusiaceae
Phyllanthaceae Caesalpinaceae Adiantaceae Asteraceae Verbenaceae Polygonaceae Moraceae Euphorbiaceae Malvaceae

01
03 96 01 05 02 1,302 07 02 02

-0.000069
-0.000069 -0.002208 -0.000069 -0.000115 -0.000046 -0.029950 -0.000160 -0.000046 -0.000046

Taluto
Tangarihas puru Tangisang bayawak

Pterocymbium tinctorium
Pteris cretica Ficus variegata

Sterculiaceae
Pteridaceae Moraceae

04
10 20

-0.000092
0.000230 -0.000460

Tangisang- layagan Taquipan / Fish Tail

palm

Ficus latsoni Elm Karyota cumingii Fimbrisylis dichotoma Ficus sp. Callicarpa sp. Carmnona retusa Bidens sp.. Derris elliptica Wikstroemia lanceolata Micromelum minutum Uvaria rufa Sida retusa Christella parasitica Disocorea alata Gmelina arborea

Moraceae Arecaceae Cyperacaea Moraceae Verbenaceae Boraginaceae Asteraceae Papilionaceae Thymelaeaceae Rutaceae Annonaceae Malvaceae Thylepteridaceae Dioscoreaceae Verbenaceae

02 02 74 16 02 40 666 01 02 06 03 10 103 99 25 N=43,466

-0.000046 -0.000046 -0.001790 -0.000368 -0.000046 -0.00092 -0.015320 -0.000069 -0.000046 -0.000138 -0.000069 -0.000230 -0.002369 -0.002277 -0.000575 1.00000

-0.00050 -0.00646 -0.01084 -0.00291 -0.00646 -0.00643 -0.06401 -0.00070 -0.00646 -0.00123 -0.00070 -0.00193 -0.01385 -0.91385 -0.00429 H=3.303

Tayok-tayok / Mutha Teramycin Tigaw Tsang gubat/ bugtot tae Tubaktubak/Beggar ticks Tubli Tuka Tulibas tilos Uvaria /Susong Kalabao Walis-walisan Wood fern Yam Yemane /Gmelina

BULABOG-PUTIAN NATURAL PARK

Historical and Cultural Perspective

COURTESY OF FORESTER DAMASO FUENTES, PAWB, DENR-6