A Synopsis On

HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
To cope up with these day-to-day activities in Hotel, the use of computer (in Hotel Sector) is unavoidable. The Hotel Information System aims at solving these day-to-day functions in Hotel Sector: Room Addition, Menu Creation, Restaurant Operation, Laundry Operation, Reports and Other Facilities etc.

The motive of our project is to control various activities performed. In the Hotel using the computer with the work of HOTEL MANGEMENT SYSTEM. From the beginning, the important thing in our mind is that we should concentrate our project work on a subject that is easy to understand and is according to our daily requirement. By keeping this in mind, the subject chosen by us is hotel management. In the present time there is a great rush in hotels, as these havebecome necessity for middle and upper class of the society.People travel a lot, stay in hotels, goes to the hotels for functions, meeting and refreshment. Our project

is developed keeping in mind the general needs of the customers when he goes to thehospital. An important uniqueness about the described Hotelsrestaurants and bar are available to only those customers who have already booked room or hall in hospital

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Identification of Need / Preliminary Investigation)

To design a database comprising of the required tables and to provide a Front End Application. To allow a valid user to use the application. Provide interface to all the tables used in the application for editing, deleting and addition of new records (Registration of Guest, Updating Profiles, other activities in the hotel). Providing the Room information and helping them to search available room details and other facilities. All guests can get room according to their choice and other facilities. Authorized person can operate this software.

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

Hotel sector is a very fast growing sector. With more and more complexities being introduced each day and with the upcoming of various plans and schemes the management of the records becomes very essential. Earlier, these were maintained in long and bulky registers and thus searching records on these registers were both time-consuming and prone to errors due to lot of human intervention and the manual nature of the work. With the upcoming of Computers the methodology has changed and these records can be easily maintained on Computer Disk and thus can be retrieved easily. Thus, the searching in between the records has become much faster and with minimal errors. HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM aims at solving all these works with both ease and assurance.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

According to the above discussion of project overview, it is clear that we want to build software for managing the records in hotels. It is also clear that the above software is mainly concerned with database management. So it is high time to devote some time in discussing these two terms. First we discuss the term software and later we will cover basic database, database management systems and its architecture. The Term Software: The software is not merely a collection of computer programs. There is a distinction between a program and programming software products program is complete in it and is generally used only by the author of the program. There is usually little documentation or other aids to help other people use the program. Because of the author user, the presence of bugs is not a major concern. The author will fix the program and start it again. These programs are not designed with such issues as portability, reliability and usability in mind.

Largely people other than the developers of the system, on the other hand use a programming software product. The users may be from different backgrounds, so a proper user interface is provided. There is sufficient documentation to help these diverse users to use the system program that are thoroughly tested before the operational use. Because users dont have the luxury of fixing bugs that may be detected and because the product may be used in a variety of environments, perhaps on a variety of hardware platforms portability is a key issue. Clearly, a program to solve a problem and a programming systems product to solve the same problem are two entirely different things. Obviously, much more effort and resources are required for a programming systems product. Brooks estimates that as a rule of thumb, a programming systems product costs approximately ten times as much as a corresponding program. The software industry is interested in developing programming systems products, and most commercial packages fall in this category. But unfortunately he approaches to software development are frequently ad hoc and programming-centered. The ad-hoc or programmingcentered approach may work for small projects, but for large industrialquality software, these approaches generally do not work, we need to develop some methodical approach for software development. This is where software engineering comes in. Software Engineering is defined as: Software engineering is the systematic approach to the development, operation, maintenance, and retirement of software. This means we are interested in developing software as close to the scientific methods a possible, that is, these methodologies are repeatable, and if different people apply the methodology, similar software will be produced. In Essence, the goal of software engineering is to take software development closer to science and away from being an art. The focus of software engineering is not developing software, but methods for developing software. That is, focus is on developing methods that can be used by various software projects. Hence the basic objective of software engineering is to: develop methods and procedure for software developments that can scale up for large systems and can be used for large systems and that can be used to consistently produce high-quality software at low cost and a small cycle time. That is, the key objectives are consistency, low cost, high quality, small cycle time and scalability.

The basic approach that software engineering takes is to separate the development process from the developed product. A development process consists of various phases, each phase ending with a definite output. The phases are performed in an order specified by the process model being followed. The main reason for having a phased process is that it breaks the problem of developing software into successfully performing a set of phases, each handling a different concern of software development. This ensures that the cost of development is lower than what it would have been if the whole problem tackle together. Furthermore, a phases process allows proper checking for quality and progress at some defined points during the developments. Without this, one would have to wait until the end to see what software has been produce. Clearly, this will not work for large systems. Hence for managing the complexity, proper tracking and quality all the development processes consist of a set of phases. A phases development process is central to the software engineering approach for solving the software crisis.

Basics of Database: Databases and database technology are having a major impact on the growing use of computers. It is fair to say that databases play a critical role in almost all areas where computers are used, including business, engineering, medicine, law, education, and library science, to name a few. The word database is in such common use that we must begin by defining a database. A database is a collection of related data. By data, we mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning. For example, consider the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of the people you know. You may have recorded this data is an indexed address book, or you may have stored it on a diskette, using a personal computer and software such as DBASE IV or V, Microsoft ACCESS, or EXCEL. This is a collection of related data with an implicit meaning and hence is a database. The preceding definition of database is quite general, for example, we may consider the collection of words that make up this page of text to be related data and hence to constitute a database. However, the common use of the term database is usually more restricted. A database has the following implicit properties:

A database represents some aspect of the real world, sometimes called the mini world of the Universe Of Discourse (UOD). Changes to the mini world are reflected in the database. A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning. A random assortment of data cannot correctly be referred to as a database. A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. It has an intended group of users and some preconceived applications in which these users are interested.

In other words, a database has some source from which data are derived, some degree of interaction with events in the real world, and an audience that is actively interested in the contents of the database. A database can be of any size and varying complexity. This huge amount of information must be organized and managed so those users can search for, retrieve, and update the data as needed. A database may be generated and maintained manually or it may be computerized. The library card catalog is an example of a database that may be created and maintained manually. A computerized database may be created and maintained either by a group of application programs written specifically for that task or by a database management system. A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database. The DBMS is hence a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. Defining a database involves specifying the data types, structures, and constraints for the data to be stored in the database. Constructing the database is the process of storing the data itself. On some storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS. Manipulating a database includes such functions as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the mini world, and generating reports from the data.

It is not necessary to use general-purpose DBMS software to implement a computerized database. We could write our own set of programs to create and maintain the database, in effect creating our own special purpose DBMS software. In either case whether we use a general purpose DBMS or not we usually have to employ a considerable amount of software to manipulate the database. We will call the database and DBMS software together a database system.

FEASIBILITY STUDY

A. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY: This is concerned with specifying equipment and software that will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may vary considerably, but might include: o o o o The facility to produce outputs in a given time. Response time under certain conditions. Ability to process a certain volume of transaction at a particular speed. Facility to communicate data to distant location.

After examining technical feasibility, we give more importance to the configuration of the system than the actual make of hardware. The configuration gives the complete picture about the system's requirements: Twenty to thirty workstations are required; these units should be interconnected through LAN or Internet so that they could operate and communicate smoothly. They should have enough speeds of input and output to achieve a particular quality of printing.

B.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY: -

Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed system. More commonly known as cost / benefit analysis; in this procedure we determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a proposed system and compare them with costs. We found the benefits outweigh the costs; we take a decision to design and implement the new proposed system. It is very essential to ascertain the cost, which is to incur for developing the project, before starting the development of the project. If the benefit, which is to be accrued by developing the software, exceeds the cost to be incurred for developing the project by a fair amount of margin, then only the software should be developed. The process of cost and benefit analysis is not only limited prior to the time period of development of the project, but this process is a continuous process, and it keeps on going during the entire life cycle of the software. ANALYSIS OF COST -The programmer has done the analysis of cost of the project named HOTEL INFORMATION SYSTEM in a very effective manner. According to the programmer, the total cost involved in the development and implementation of the software at the client site would be around Rs. 40000. This is so, as the process is manual, a computer system is to be purchased to implement the project at the Organization. The computer system would cost around Rs.26000, the cost involved in the development of the project would be around Rs.5000, the cost involved in the purchase of software required for implementing the project would be around Rs.5000, and above all the cost of training the manager to use the software is around Rs.3000 as the manager is not familiar with computers.

ANALYSIS OF BENEFIT -As it is necessary to do cost analysis of the developed project, it is also very essential to do benefit analysis along with it. The programmer has done the analysis of the benefit arising from the use of the software named Hotel Management System in a very effective way. The points that the programmer has kept in mind while performing the task of benefit analysis of the software are as follows: (i) Stationery Cost: -

In an Organization, the use of stationery in the day-to-day functioning is on a large scale. Thus, the cost of purchasing the stationery for the Organization is also very high. But, since after the implementation of software it would become fully computerized, this step would save a big amount of money, which is previously used for purchasing the stationery for the Organization. Now, all the work for which a large amount of stationery was being used previously can now be done on the computer. (ii) Manager Assistants Salary: -

In a Hotel, as there are number of activities involved in the day-to-day working of the Hotel, the workload becomes so much that the owner of the Hotel has to keep two or more assistants along with the Manager. This step increases the financial burden of the owner. Now, the owner has to pay the salary of assistants along with the Managers salary. But, since after the implementation of the software in the Hotel, the whole of the work of the Hotel which is previously spread over large number of files becomes computerized and centralized to a single computer, the work can now be handled by a single person thus saving the cost of employing the manager assistants. (iii) Record Search & Update Made Easy: -

In a manual system for record keeping in Hotel, one of the major problems faced by the manager is to keep record of the Hotel available at a specific point of time, this problem is further increased when a customer of the Hotel make an enquiry with the manager about the searching partners according to choice. To provide the information to the customer with the answer of his enquiry, the manager has to search from his large number of files.

But, after the implementation of the project named Hotel Management System at the Hotel, the whole of the work of the Hotel would become computerized and thus, the manager can answer any query made by the customer of the Hotel with a single click of the mouse. Thus, by doing the cost and benefit analysis of the software, we find that there are more benefits arising by using the software as compared to the cost involved in the development and implementation of the software.

C. OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY: It is mainly related to human organizational and political aspects. The points to be considered are: o o o o What changes will be brought with the system? What organizational structures are disturbed? What new skills will be required? Do the existing staff members have these skills? If not, can they be trained in due course of time?

Generally project will not be rejected simply because of operational in feasibility but such considerations are likely to critically affect the nature and scope of the eventual recommendations. For operational feasibility study we appointed a small group of people who are familiar with information system techniques, who understand the parts of the business that are relevant to the project and are skilled in system analysis and design process.

SRS: -

Generally the SRS is a document that completely describes what the proposed software should do without describing the software will so it. The basic goal of software requirements phase is to produce the SRS that describe the complete behavior of the proposed software.

Need for SRS : An SRS establishes the basic for agreement between the client and supplier on what the software product will do. The basic for agreement if frequently formalized into a legal contract between the client and developer. So through SRS the client clearly describe what it expect from the supplier and the developer clearly understand what capabilities to built in software without such an agreement it almost guaranteed that once the development is over the project will have an unhappy client which almost always leads to unhappy developers. An SRS provides a reference for validation for the final product. i.e. the SRS helps the client determined if the software meets the requirements without a proper SRS there is no way a client can determined. If the software being delivered is what was ordered and there is no way the developer can convince the client that all the requirements has been fulfilled. A high quality SRS can reduced the development cost. It is quite likely that many errors are made during the requirement phase and an error in SRS will most likely manifest itself as an error in the final system implementing the SRS. Clearly if we want a high quality final software that has few errors we must begin with high quality SRS. As an approximation a total of 25% errors occurs during requirements and earlier design phase. If a requirement error not removed in requirement phase, then the cost of fixing and error increases exponentially as a time progress. So we see that the quality of SRS has an impact on cost of the project.

Software/Compilers Required To Develop This System:

Operating System Front-End Tool Back-End : : : Windows 9X / XP / 2000 JSP My SQL

Hardware Required To Develop This System:

Processor: Any Pentium IV or Equivalent Machine RAM: 256 MB HDD: 40 GB FDD: 1.44 MB CD-ROM: 52X 15 inches Color Monitor 104 Keys Keyboards Printer: DeskJet 670 C

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT

OVERALL SYSTEM

GUEST

Incoming HOTEL MANAGMENT Outgoing Generate bill for payment

ZERO LEVEL DFD

1) Guest Incoming/ Outgoing: -

Guest incoming

HOTEL OPERATION

Amount

Guest outgoing

Hotel Database

FIRST LEVEL DFD

2) New Guest: -

Guest Request Room Status

NEW GUEST SERVICE

Guest Details

3) Guest Outgoing: -

Guest Request Room Status

GUEST SERVICE Balanc e Check Account Database

E-R Diagram
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User login

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Guest info.

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User info

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Item

Introduction to JSP

JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a technology based on the Java language and enables the development of dynamic web sites. JSP was developed by Sun Microsystems to allow server side development. JSP files are HTML files with special Tags containing Java source code that provide the dynamic content. The following shows the Typical Web server, different clients connecting via the Internet to a

Web server. In this example, the Web server is running on Unix and is the very popular Apache Web server

`First static web pages were displayed. Typically these were people?s first experience with making web pages so consisted of My Home Page sites and company marketing information. Afterwards Perl and C were languages used on the web server to provide dynamic content. Soon most languages including Visualbasic,Delphi,C and Java could be used to write applications that provided dynamic content using data from text files or database requests. These were known as CGI server side applications. ASP was developed by Microsoft to allow HTML developers to easily provide dynamic content supported as standard by Microsoft?s free Web Server,Internet Information Server (IIS). JSP is the equivalent from Sun Microsystems,a comparison of ASP and JSP will be presented in the following section.