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Code: R7410204 IV B. Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Explain the following terms with reference to the power plants: (i) Cost curve (ii) Input-Output characterization (iii) Heat rate curve (iv) Production cost. (b) A system consists of two, 150mw units whose input data are represented by the following equations: F1= 0.04 P12 +22p 1 +800 Rs per hour.
2 F2=0.04 P2 +22p 2 +1000Rs per hour. If the total received power is 250MW and the transmission losses are neglected, determine the load sharing between the units for most economic operation.

Develop an algorithm to find economic operation of thermal power plants using transmission loss formulae. Derive the necessary equations. What is Hydro-Thermal scheduling? Explain the different constraints to be considered for mathematical modeling of Hydro-Thermal scheduling. Explain the modeling of Turbine with block diagram and necessary equations. Explain the load frequency control of single area in detail with neat block diagram and necessary equations. Explain the load frequency control of two area system with block diagram by explaining each block. (a) Explain proportional plus integral control of single area system with block diagram by deriving necessary equation. (b) Two generators 250MW and 350MW are operating in parallel. The droop characteristics of their governers are 4% and 6% respectively from no load to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50HZ at no load, how would a load of 600MW is shared between them? What will be the system frequency at this load? Assuming free governer operation. (a) Write short notes on shunt compensation. (b) Discuss in detail about the generation and absorption of reactive power in power system components. *****

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Code: R7410204 IV B. Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) Explain the various factors that affect optimum operation to be considered in allocating generations different power stations. Neglect line losses. A system consists of two, 100MW units whose input data are represented by the following equations: F1=0.04 P12 +22P 1 +800Rs/hr.
2 F2=0.045 P2 +15P 2 +1000Rs/hr. If the total received power is 150MW. Determine the load sharing between units for most economic operation by neglecting losses.

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Derive Transmission loss formulae. What is Hydro-Thermal scheduling? Solve analytically the short-term Hydro-Thermal scheduling problem. Explain the model of a speed governing system with neat diagram. (a) (b) Explain the concept of Control area is the load frequency control of a power system. Explain the load frequency control of single area with neat block diagram. Explain the load frequency control of two-area interconnected by a Tie line with neat block diagram. (a) (b) Explain proportional plan integral control of single area system with neat block diagram. Derive the necessary equations. Two generators rated 200MW and 400MW are operating in parallel. The droop characteristics of their governer are 4% and 5% respectively from no load to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50Hz at no load, how would a load of 500MW be shared between them? What will be the system frequency at this load? Assume free governer operation. Write short notes on series compensation. What is load compensation? Discuss its objectives in power system. *****

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(a) (b)

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Code: R7410204 IV B. Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Explain the various factors to be considered in allotting generation to different power stations for optimal equation. (b) A power system consists of two, 120MW units whose input data are represented by the following equations: F1=0.04 P12 +22P 1 +800Rs/hr
2 F2=0.04 P2 +22P 2 +1000Rs/hr. If the total received power is 200MW and the transmission losses are neglected, determine the load sharing between the units for most economic operation.

Starting from the fundamentals derive the transmission loss formulae for a system consisting of n generating plants applying several loads interconnected through a transmission network. Briefly explain Hydrothermal economic load scheduling and derive necessary equation. Derive and explain the model of a speed governing system and represent if by a block diagrams. (a) Explain the reasons for limitations of frequency on the power system. (b) Obtain the dynamic response of load frequency control of an isolated power system for first order approximation. Give a typical block diagram for Two-area system interconnected by a Tie line and explain each block. Also, deduce the relations to determine the frequency of oscillations of Tie line power and static frequency drop. List out assumptions made. (a) Explain proportional plus Integral control of single area system with neat block diagram and derive the necessary equations. (b) Two generators rated 200MW and 400MW are operating in parallel. The droop characteristics of their governer are 4% and 5% respectively from no load to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50Hz at no load, how a load of 600MW would be shared between them? What will be the system frequency at this load? Assume free governer operation. (a) What load compensation? What are the objectives of load compensation? (b) Explain clearly what you mean by compensation of line and discuss briefly different methods of compensation. *****

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Code: R7410204

IV B. Tech I Semester (R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November/December 2011 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Explain the following terms with reference to the power plants. (i) Heat input-output curve. (ii) Heat rate curve. (iii) Incremental input. (iv) Production cost. The fuel inputs per hour of plants 1 & 2 are given as: F1=0.2 P12 P12+40P 1 +120 Rs/hr.
2 F2=0.25 P2 P22+30P 2 +150Rs/hr. Determine the economic operation schedule and the corresponding cost of generation if the maximum and minimum loading on each unit is 100MW and 25MW, the demand is 180MW and transmission losses are neglected. If the load is equally shared by both the units, determine the saving obtained by loading the units as per equal incremental production cost.

(b)

(a) (b)

What are the assumptions made in deriving the transmission loss co-efficient? Write an algorithm for economic allocation of generation among generators of a thermal system taking into account transmission losses with deriving necessary equations. Explain the different constraints to be considered for mathematical modeling of hydro thermal scheduling.

(a) (b)

Derive the model of a governer and represent it by a block diagram. Two Turbo alternators rated 110MW and 210MW have governer droop characteristics of 5% from no load to full load. They are connected in parallel to share a load of 250MW. Determine the load shared by each machine assuming free governer operation. Explain the necessity of keeping frequency constant. With first order approximation, obtain the dynamic response of isolated power system for load frequency control. Sketch and explain the block schematic of a Two-area system. Derive the necessary equations. Explain proportional plus integral control of single area system with neat block diagram and derive the necessary equations. A 100MW generator has a regulation parameter R of 5% pay how much will the turbine power increase if the frequency drops by 0.1Hz with the references unchanged. What do you mean by reactive power compensation in transmission line? Discuss in detail about generation and absorption of reactive power in power system components. *****

(a) (b)

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(a) (b)