Quality
control finance
Production budget
Finished
products
Issue material
Material Drawing
Delivery Procurement Prodn specifications
Planning and standards
& control
Inventory
Control
Material Material
Requisitions schedules
Legend:
Instructions
Material flow
Progress report
Human
Factor
Planing Analysis
Management
Product + Service
Total productivity index = -------------------------------
Labour + Material + Energy +
Capital
From this basic expression, adoptions can be made to
represent more closely the functions of a particular
organization. The intent of customizing the index is to
reflect the firm’s objectives. Consequently, many
versions have been developed. For instance, one
organization might believe that purchases of raw material
represent some one else’s productivity effort and should
therefore be excluded from the user’s input. Other firms
with larger material inputs might disagree that the
exclusion is justified. Still another firm might have
small and constant energy usage, suggesting that the
energy input can be ignored in the model. An aluminum
producer would, of course, feel differently. One of
many possible total productivity models has the
following formula :
Sales + Inventory change + Plant
Total Productivity Index = ------------------------------
Labour + Material + Services
+ depreciation + investment.
Process
Regional Regional
System system
Recurring
Study cycles
In a production Process or control
System modifications
other
Procurement offices
Section legal sections,
Div sion clerical department
etc.
UNIT NO.2
Q14. What are the steps required for model development?
OR
What is the basic approach to model development?
Ans. 1) Ascertain the need of the user. What is the
problem? How will the model be used? When is it needed?
2) Identify the component of the system. What machines,
what material handling system, what storage locations
will be used?
3) Determine the pattern of workflow through the system.
Do all jobs follow the same path? what diversity
rooting is there?
4) Find the typical values of key parameter, what are
the production targets.
5) Choose the modeling approach. Use simulation or
analysis models?
6) Identify the performance measure of interest to the
user. Which aspect of performance are more important,
which are less so? What are the economic and social
consequences of the system failing to meet its owner’s
goals?
7) Develop a preliminary model in order to obtain some
results quickly and to develop the communication with
the user that a model demands in order for the user to
be convinced that the modeler understands the
situation.
8) Produce some results using the model and access their
accuracy. This step will also serve to make the user aware
of the data which use of model will require.
9) Develop a more detailed model and collect necessary
data. Several decisions may required in order to develop
an adequate model.
APT Unit- 4 17
Size
Specification
Shape / form
Basic Metal
Primary category
THEORY OF MACHINE
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMEMT
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
UNIT NO.3
(i) By Imitation.
(ii) By Adaptation.
(iii) By Invention(i.e., R and D).
(iv) From dealers and customers
(v) By advertising-asking people to send their
ideas and announcing prizes for the best idea.
(b) Separate the good, meritorious and feasible
ideas from amongst the many, received in step (a) above.
Screening of ideas may be done by a committee
consisting of managers of R and D, Production, sales
and other departments related with the product
development.
(c) The selected ideas are evaluated
technically as regards,
The method of manufacture,
Labour and equipment requirements,
Performance characteristics of the product,
Cost of manufacture, etc.
(d) Selected ideas are evaluated as regards
their acceptability by the customers.
- The first evaluation is simply a cursory
survey by salesmen.
- If the idea looks promising a nation wide market
survey can be conducted.
(e) Based on the information collected on
technical and market aspects of the new product, it is
decided finally as whether to go ahead for production
or to forget the idea.
(f) If it is decided to take up the idea,
- The product is designed,
- Equipments are ordered,
- Materials are procured.
- Workers are selected and trained.
APT Unit- 4 34
8. Work-study section
- Efficient break down of (limited) operations into
short repetitive cycles and effective work measurement
afford considerable opportunities for work-study.
9. Supervision - All the above points help the
supervisor to run his department efficiently and more
effectively.
- Less time is wasted in resolving production snags
such as wrong information, faulty tooling, etc.
- Reduced rejections and scrap.
10. Costing
- Costing can obtain better control by installing
standard costing.
á MS-EXCEL
á POWER POINT
á COREL DRAW
á TV/MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
UNIT NO.4
Q.39 Define `Delegation. In what circumstances and to
what limitations it can be applied?‚
Ans. Delegation is the process by which an individual
manager transfers part of his legitimate authority to a
subordinate but without passing on the ultimate
responsibility which has been entrusted to him by his
own superior.
OR
Delegation means assigning work to others and
giving them authority to do it.
Circumstances for Delegation.“
1. Delegation occurs when responsibilities of one
individual
becomes so great that he has to get help from others to
get his job done.
2. To relieve the burden on senior management.
3. When it is required to speed up the decision making
process.
4. When there is a need of specialized service for doing
complex work.
5. When the branches or units situated away from the head
office are to be run.
6. When there is a need for subordinate’s moral
growth and moral.(Managerial development)
Limitations for Delegation.
1. Span of control i.e. how many subordinates can be
effectively supervised by any one manager.
2. Level of knowledge and experience of sub-ordinates.
3. Complexity of task.
4. Degree of hazard and danger associated with work.
APT Unit- 4 43
Horizontal Communication:
This method is also known‚ as lateral or
crosswise communication.‚ Such a communication takes
place between two personnel of the same status.
SIDDHIVINAYAK COMPUTERS
RENUKA NAGAR,DABKI ROAD, AKOLA 6422684
GET YOUR VALUABLE PRINTOUTS AT MOST ECONOMICAL RATES
IN AKOLA
PRINTING RATES FOR PROJECT & SEMINAR REPORTS
ALL COPIES :- Rs 2.00/PAGE(SPECIAL OFFER only for seminar
& project reports)
• ABOVE RATES INCLUDE PAPER,TYPESETTING/FEEDING.
• Diagram SCANNING Rs. 5/-
• ABOVE RATES DO NOT INCLUDE ROUGH PRINTOUTS
• ROUGH PRINTOUTS 1/- PER PAGE.
• COLOUR PRINTING: Rs 30/PAGE (TEXT ONLY)
• COLOUR PRINTING: Rs 40/ PAGE (BACKGROUND)
INTERNET : Rs 40/hour (VSNL)
e-mail : dipak_shirbhate@hotmail.com
LOOKING FOR YOUR VALUABLE ORDER
UNIT NO.5
VALUE ENGINEERING
7. Judicial Value
Of these, only the economic classification
can be considered to be objective. It is the only one,
which can be measured. The others can be evaluated only
subjectively.
SIDDHIVINAYAK COMPUTERS
RENUKA NAGAR,DABKI ROAD, AKOLA 6422684
GET YOUR VALUABLE PRINTOUTS AT MOST ECONOMICAL RATES
IN AKOLA
PRINTING RATES FOR PROJECT & SEMINAR REPORTS
ALL COPIES :- Rs 2.00/PAGE(SPECIAL OFFER)
• ABOVE RATES INCLUDE PAPER, TYPESETTING/FEEDING.
• SCANNING Rs. 5/-
• ABOVE RATES DO NOT INCLUDE ROUGH PRINTOUTS
• ROUGH PRINTOUTS 1/- PER PAGE.
• COLOUR PRINTING: Rs 30/PAGE (TEXT ONLY)
• COLOUR PRINTING: Rs 40/ PAGE (BACKGROUND)
INTERNET : Rs 40/hour (VSNL)
e-mail : dipak_shirbhate@hotmail.com
LOOKING FOR YOUR VALUABLE ORDER
UNIT NO.6
GROUP TECHNOLOGY
T CG
M1 D
CG
M2 D SG
M1 M2 CG
Q. 79 Why GT is introduced?
Ans. For achieving higher productivity in design
& manufacture many industries have become increasingly
interested in group technology implementation to meet
their needs.
APT Unit-6 81
5) Random(RANDOM)
(Note: There are two types of scheduling methods. 1)
Manual
2) Computer based. The above are manual and earlier
explained were computer based .
GROUP SCHEDULING :
Production scheduling associated with the
application of group technology is called group
Scheduling.
Efficient group scheduling efficiently reduces
total throughput time and leads to the reduction of work
in progress inventory. Group scheduling has some
specific advantages.
1. Optimization of group and job sequence and
machine loading.
2. Possibility of flow shop pattern.
3. Reduction of setup times and cost
4. Economic saving.
Economic Justification for Group:
Group offers advantages like reduced
throughput and resetting times, more ordered work flow,
lower levels of work in progress, increased ability to
meet deliveries and so on. The major proportion of the
time saving result from reduced transportation. The above
benefits results in direct cost saving.
Siddhivinayak Computers
Sachin V. Shirbhate
Renuka Nagar, Dabki road, Old city, Akola-2
Ph. 422684
Projects : (Production)
1) AJM As Unconventional Machine - seminar1
2) Microprocessor Based Dish Antenna Tracking System – Seminar - Seminar1
3) Round Printing Machine – Seminar - seminar1
4) Experimental Setup & Assembling of Car for Lab Development
5) Sophisticated Programmable Industrial Robotic Arm
6) Generation of Electricity from Wind Power
7) A Solar Chimney Power Plant
8) Programming For Auto-drafting Of Standard Mechanical Parts
9) Study, Design And Fabrication Of Variable Inclinable Belt Conveyor
10)Script Slides – An Engineering Drawing
Projects: (Electrical and Electronics)
1) Automatic Induction Motor Starter with Programmable Timer
2) Design of Voltage Regulator
3) Generation of Electricity from Wind Power
4) Logic State Analyser
5) A Solar Chimney Power Plant
Seminar:(Civil)
1) Drainage Problems Related to Irrigation in Maharashtra - pp~1
2) Fly Ash Sand Lime Brick – An Alternative Walling Material - Santosh~1
3) Vaastu-Shastra & its Importance in Residential Building - Jain
4) Latex modified SFRC beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading –
Mangesh
5) Reinforcement Detailing In Non Engineering And Engineering
Earthquake Resistant Structures
Seminar: (Electrical and Electronics)
1) Mini- Romag Generator-anjali~1
2) A Solar Chimney Power Plant - Kale
3) Application Of Superconductivity In Electric Power System
4) Electric Earthing and Shock
5) Eco-Friendly Energy Sources for Rural Development
6) Energy Saving in Home Lighting
7) Logic Analyzer
8) Programmable Logic Controller
9) Logic State Analyser
10) MHD Power Generation
11)Operations and Temporary Maintenance of Xerox Machine
12)Selecting Transformers For Hydro Power Plants
13)Solar Energetics in Space
14)Sub-Station
15)Wireless Application Protocol
Seminar:(Production,Mechanical,Automobile)
1) A Solar Chimney Power Plant - Kale
2) Holography - Ambhore
3) Robotization of Forging Industries-Bhoyar
4) Strategic About Manufacturing - Boob
5) Design Innovation Through Digitalisation - Catia
APT Unit-6 87
6) Round Printing Machine - Chavan
7) Crash Safety-crash~1
8) Droplet Welding - Desai
9) Flying Train - Gawande
10)CAD CAM - Revolutionising The Aircraft Industry - Goel
11)Buffering of Serial Production Line - Gokhale
12)Human Factor In Product Design - Gole
13)Basic Technology & Drive System of Industrial Robots - Harde
14)Simplified CPM / PERT Simulation Model - Jambhe
15)Components of missile - Jindal
16)Technological Options for Future Manufacturing - Kakrania
17)Indian Industry in a Liberal Market - Mahobia
18)Automobile Air Conditioning - Marathe
19)Tubeless Tyres – A Recent trend in Automobile - Mukkawar
20) BENCHMARKING - Narkhede
21)Bluetooth - Rupali~1
22)The Quartz Industrial - Trade System (QITS) – Seminar - Seminar1
23)Computerized Lubrication System – Seminar - Seminar1
24)Computer Aided Process Planning – Seminar - Seminar1
25)How To Achieve Fuel Economy In Automobiles – Seminar - Seminar1
26)Information Technology in Production Systems – Seminar - Seminar1
27)Manufacturing challenges – Seminar - Seminar1
28)Role of Robotics in Assembly – Seminar - Seminar1
29)Solar heater system – Seminar - Seminar1 - Tayade~1
30)Automatic Control of Production – Seminar - Seminar2
31)Computer Communications – Seminar - Seminar2
32)Computer Integraded Manufacturing – Seminar - Seminar2
33)The Electropolishing Process – Seminar - Seminar2
34)Production Management and Control – Seminar - Seminar2
35)Pushrod And Overhead CAM Engine – Seminar - Seminar2
36)Robotic Welding – Explaining Robotic GMAW – Seminar - Seminar2 -
Rathod~1
37)High Energy – Rate Forming Process – Seminar - Seminar2 - Seminar~1
38)Cybernetics in Industry- Seminar - Seminar2 - Seminar2
39)Sheet Metal Forming - Seminar2
40)Automated Of Quality Control - Shinde
41)Automated Assembly System & Line Balancing - Tayade
42)Industrial Corrosion & It’s Prevention - Umbarkar
43)Networking Technologies – Wadekar
44)Helical Gear Manufacturing by Extrusion – Wadodkar
45)Air Caster-A New Approach In Material Handling
46)Remote Control System
47)Rapid Prototyping
48)Waterjet Cutting (WJC)
49)Solar Car
50)Packaging Technology
51)Air-Oil Cooling Method For Hard Turning Process
52)Automation Of Injection Moulding Machine used Hydrualic System
53)Automotive Emission Controls
54) Cooling Fans Of Air-Cooled DEUTZ Diesel Engines and their Noise
Generation
55)Environmental Awareness And The Aluminium Industry
APT Unit-6 88
56)Electropolishing – A Case Study Of Electromatic
57)Hydrostatic Transmission For Shunting Locomotive
58) Investigation of Factors Affecting Wear Characteristics in Rubber – Metal
Sliding Contact
59)Industrial Psychology
60)Management of Change & Taskforce Approach
61)Management Information System
62)Machine Vision System
63)Managerial Effectiveness – Key to Productivity
64)New Turns In Thread Cutting
65)Occupant Safety Restraints Devices In Automobile
66)Precision Hole Making By Deep Hole Drilling Method
67)Pricing Strategy – An Introduction
68)Robotization Of Forging Industries
69)Rotory Ultrasonic Machining
70)Re-Engineering A Potent Tool In Managing Change
71)Screw Compressor Bearing Failures on Process Plant
72)Total Productivity Maintenance (TPM) – A Japanese Approach and Its
Implementations
73)The Engine of A Sports Car
74)Use of Robots In Automobile Manufacture
75)Use Of Plastic As A Tooling Material
76)Vehicullar Pollution Poisoning The Air In Cities
77)Ways Towards The Clean Heavy-Duty Diesel