Anticancer drugs acting on G2 phase of cell cycle <DBET(dibet)> D-doxorubicin B-bleomycin E-etoposide T-topotecan Some great Mnemonics for

Melanoma : The most Common Sites are : >> SEA << 1.S-kin 2.E-yes 3.A-nus ................................................................ there's ABCD for Melanoma that refers to Characteristics : A-symmetry B-order irregularity C-olor Variation D-iameter>6mm and D-ark lesion ..................

mnemonics for facial nerve !! >> Two Zombies Beat My Cat: From superior to inferior: T-emporal branch Z-ygomatic branch B-uccal branch M-andibular branch C-ervical branch

Hypersensitivity Reaction "ACID" Type I >>> A-naphylaxis Type II >> C-ytotoxic - mediated Type III >> I-mmune - complex Type IV >> D-elayed hypersensitivity

Bowel obstruction: symptoms "AVOID" Abdominal pain Vomiting Obstipation (severe constipation, not passing gas) Increased bowel sounds Distension of the abdomen

Proximal Myopathy PD HEN P olymyositis D ermatomyositis H ereditary muscular dystrophies E ndocrine (e.g. DM, Cushings, Osteomalacia, Thyrotoxicosis) N europathy

Diagnosing Meningitis Don't MISS M eningeal symptoms (e.g. Kernig and Brudzinski signs) I ntracranial pressure increase S eptic symptoms (e.g. fever, tachycardia) S pinal fluid changes

causes of puerperal pyrexia... PUBIS: P: puerperal sepsis U: urinary tract infection B: breast infection I:infection of c/s wound S: septic pelvic thrombophlebitis

causes of increased anion gap in metabolic acidosis,Dr marples.D diabetic ketoacidosi,m methanol,a alcohol.r renal dysfxn.p paracetamol.l lactic acidosis.e ethylene glycol.s salicylates Klinefelters syndrome< KLInEFelTeRS Bar Gals > Karyotype:47,XXY Long stature Infertility Extra X chromosome,Eunuchoid FSH/estradiol elevation Testosterone reduced,Testicular dysgenesis mental Retardation Sec. Sexual characters absent Barr body +ve Gynaecomastia

Horner's SyndromePAMELA Ptosis Anhydrosis Miosis Enophthalmos Loss of ciliospinary reflex

Mnemonics for uses of Anti-depressants <EMPreS MONA> Enuresis Migranes Premature ejaculation Sedative hypnotic Major depression Anxiety disorders,ADHD OCD(obsessive compulsive disorder) nd phobias Neuropathic pain...

Types of mesenteric cysts: SEDUCe Serosanguinous Enterogenous Dermoid Urogenital Chylolymphatic

Penicillin G is d DOC for< ALL MESS Go DAMn SyT! > Actinomycosis Leptospira Lyme disease Meningococci Enterococci Streptococci Susceptibl pneumococci Gas gangrene Diptheria Anthrax Meningitis Syphilis Tetanus

Easy way to remember features of Polycystic Ovarian disease O-oligomenorrhoea H-Hirsuitism I-infertility O-obesity ====================================== transplacentally transmitted infections <PoRT HaTCH> Po-parvo virus R-Rubella T-toxoplasma Ha-HIV T-treponema C-CMV H-hepatitis B =============================== cranial nerves? Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Fondle A Gorgeous Very Sexy Human Causes of obstructive jaundice.. "PICASA". P- Primary biliary cirrhosis I- Impaction of gallstone on common bile duct C- Carcinoma of head of pancreas & ampulla of vater. A- Ascaris S- Stricture of common bile duct. A- Alcohol. ========================================== Foramen Lacerum: Mnemonic: MEIG Structures passing whole length: 1. Meningeal branch of Ascending pharyngeal artery 2. Emissary vein Other structures partially traversing: 3. Internal carotid artery 4. Greater petrosal nerve

structures passing through Foramen Spinosum Mnemonic: MEN 1. Middle meningeal artery and vein (posterior trunk) 2. Emissay vein 3. Nervus spinosus (Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

structres passing through ......Foramen Ovale: Mnemonic: MALE 1. Mandibular Nerve (CN V3) 2. Accessory meningeal nerve 3. Lesser petrosal nerve 4. Emissary vein (Cavernous sinus to pterygoid plexus) 5. Occasionally anterior trunk of middle meningeal artery ====================================== Rotator Cuff Muscles: SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis ===================================================

Thenar muscles: A Friend Of -Police Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens Pollicis Action of Interosseous Muscles of hands:PAd DAb The Palmars Adduct and the Dorsals Abduct. ================================================== Carpal Bones of hand: She Looks To Pretty Try To Catch Her Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Axillary Artery gives out LASPAS BranchesLateral thoracic artery Acromiothoracic artery Superior thoracic artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery Ant. circumflex humeral artery Subscapular artery

Median nerve innervates the LOAF muscles of hand. mnemonics pillow book1 150x150 Mnemonics Anatomy : Upper limb Easy Pharmacology Mnemonics Lumbricals ( 1st and 2nd) Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollics brevis Brachial Plexus Mnemonics: Branches arising from CordsLateral Cord-LML bike : Lateral Pectoral Nerve,Musculocutaneous Nerve, Lateral Root of Median Nerve Medical Cord- M4U- Medial Pectoral nerve,Medial Cutaneous N. of Arm, Medial Cutaneous N. of Forearm, Medial root of Median N. and Ulnar n. posterior Cord- ULNAR Upper Subscapular, Lower Subscapular, Nerve to Latissimus Dorsi, Axillary, Radia Derivatives of Pharyngeal Pouches: 1A, 2P, 3 TIP, 4 SPUB 1A (1st Pharyngeal Pouch Auditory) Epithelial lining of Auditory tube , middle ear cavity and mastoid antrum 2P (2nd Pharyngeal Pouch Palatine) Epithelial lining of crypts of Palatine tonsil 3 TIP (3rd Pharyngeal Pouch Thymus and Inferior Parathyroid gland) Thymus and Inferior Parathyroid gland 4 SPUB (4th Pharyngeal Pouch Superior Parathyroid gland and Ultimobranchial Body) Superior Parathyroid gland and Ultimobranchial Body Cartilage derivatives of 2nd branchial arch: 5 S Stapes Styloid process Stylohyoid ligament Smaller (lesser) cornu of hyoid Superior part of body of hyoid -================================ Cereals and pulses and their lacking Amino acid CMPL Cereals + Pulses = Complete food. Cerelas have Methinone and Pulses have Lysine. When it comes to the deficient amino acid, just reverse it. Diseases caused by Aedes aegypti Rosy Cheeks, Yellow Dimple

Rift valley fever Chikungunya Yellow fever Dengue Antioxidant vitamins ACE Vitamin A Vitamin C and Vitamin E ======================== FORCEPS: Criteria of forceps use for delivery Foetus alive Os dilated Ruptured membrane Cervix taken up Engagement of head Presentation suitable Sagittal suture in AP diameter of inlet Read more Medical Mnemonics : Gynecology and Obstetrics | Medchrome Medical Mnemonics for HYPERNATREMIA is "You Are Fried" F - Fever (low grade), flushed skin R - Restless (irritable) I - Increased fluid retention and increased BP E - Edema (peripheral and pitting) D - Decreased urinary output, dry mouth Can also use this one: SALT S = Skin flushed A = Agitation L = Low-grade fever T = Thirst =======================

indication of D n C , DEEPA: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Endomentrial polyp Endometrial tuberculosis Post menopausal bleeding Amenorrhoea(primary)

comlications of fibroid uterus DANISH: disgeneration atrophy necrosis infection sarcomatous change haemorrage

Etiology of acute pancreatitis (GET SMASHED) G-gall stone E-ethanol T-trauma S-snake venom M-mumps A-autoimmune S-steroids H-h influenza E-embolization of vessels D-drugs

Complications of gall stones. "BECHAM". B- Biliary colic & obstruction. E- Empyema of gall bladder. C- Carcinoma of gall bladder. H- Higher chance of gangrene & perforation. A- Acute cholecystitis, cholangitis M- Mucocele of gall bladder.

Hazards of transfusion FATHER MOTHER F=Febrile reaction A=Allergic reaction T=Thrombophlebitis H=Haemosiderosis E=Embolism R=Reactions due to stored blood M=Massive transfusion O=Overload (circulatory) T=Transmit infections H=Haemolytic transfusion reaction E=derrange Erythropoiesis R=Reactions due to infected blood

Oralpharangeal cancers: aetiology 6 S's: Smoking Spicy food Syphilis Spirits [booze] Sore tooth Sepsis Also bezel nuts. ==================================================== Enzymes: classification Biochemistry "Over The HILL": Oxidoreductases Transferases Hydrolases Isomerases Ligases Lyases Enzymes take the reaction over the hill.

Hypervitaminosis A: signs and symptoms "Increased Vitamin A makes you HARD": Headache/ Hepatomegaly Anorexia/ Alopecia Really painful bones Dry skin/ Drowsiness

Heart valves: sequence of flow TRIPS BIAS: TRIcuspid Pulmonary Semilunar BIcuspid Aortic Semilunar

Progesterone: actions PROGESTE: Produce cervical mucous Relax uterine smooth muscle Oxycotin sensitivity down Gonadotropin [FSH, LH] secretions down Endometrial spiral arteries and secretions up Sustain pregnancy Temperature up / Tit development Excitability of myometrium down

Alkalosis vs. acidosis: directions of pH and HCO3 ROME: Respiratory= Opposite: pH is high, PCO2 is down (Alkalosis). pH is low, PCO2 is up (Acidosis). Metabolic= Equal: pH is high, HCO3 is high (Alkalosis). pH is low, HCO3 is low (Acidosis)

Fluid compartments: volumes 12345: 12 liters of interstitial fluid 3 liters plasma volume and 30 liters inside cells 45 liters total body water

MID-DIASTOLIC MURMURS (M.FACT) Mitral Stenosis Flow Murmurs Austin-Flint Murmurs CAREY-COOMBS MURMUR TRICUSPID STENOSIS =============================== PANSYSTOLIC murmur ( M TV ) MR TR VSD ======================================== ACROMEGALY & MARFANS Remember ocular features of acromegaly with ACROM Angiod streaks Chiasmal syndrome Retinopathy Optic atrophy,papilloedema

Muscle enlargement Remember the systemic features of Marfan syndrome with MARFANS Mitral prolapse Aortic dissection Regurgitant aortic valve Fingers long (arachnodactyly) Arm span>height Nasal voice (high arched palate) Sternal excavation .. Causes of lid retraction 4M= Myasthenia Gravis, Marcus Gunn jaw winkling syndrome, Myotonic causes like dystrophica myotonica. Metabolic causes like uraemia,cirrhosis 4P= Perinauds syndrome, Parkinson's Disease/ Progressive supranuclear palsy, Ptosis of other eye, Palsy (aberrant III cranial nerve regeneration)

Features of Behcet's Disease: ORAL UPSET Occlusive periphlebitis Retinitis Anterior uveitis Leakage from retinal vessels Ulceration (aphthous/genital) Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test) Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism) Erythema nodosum Thrombophlebitis

Kawasaki disease: diagnostic criteria CHILD: 5 letters=5 days, >5 years old, 5 out 6 criteria for diagnosis: Conjuctivitis (bilateral) Hyperthermia (fever) >5 days Idiopathic polymorphic rash Lymphoadenopathy (cervical) Dryness & redness of (i)lips & mouth (ii) palms & soles [2 separate criteria

Hypertension: secondary hypertension causes CHAPS: Cushing's syndrome Hyperaldosteronism [aka Conn's syndrome] Aorta coarctation Phaeochromocytoma Stenosis of renal arteries Note: only 5% of hypertension cases are secondary, rest are primary

Parkinson's disease: symptoms PQRST: Paucity of expression parQinson Rigidity (cogwheel) Stooped posture Tremor at rest If can't remember that Parkinson's tremor is the one that is "resting tremor", look at the last 3 letters: RST.

Sanjib Kumar Portal hypertension: features ABCDE: Ascites Bleeding (haematemesis, piles) Caput medusae Diminished liver Enlarged spleen

Sanjib Kumar Nephritic syndrome: glomerular diseases commonly presenting as nephritic syndrome PARIS: Post-streptococcal Alport's RPGN IgA nephropathy SLE Alternatively: PIG ARMS to include Goodpasture's [one cause of RPGN] Sanjib Kumar Aneurysm types MAD SCAB: Mycotic Atherosclerotic Dissecting Syphilitic Capillary microaneurysm Arteriovenous fistula Berry

Sanjib Kumar Clubbing: causes CLUBBING: Cyanotic heart disease Lung disease (hypoxia, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis) UC/Crohn's disease Biliary cirrhosis Birth defect (harmless) Infective endocarditis Neoplasm (esp. Hodgkins) GI malabsorption

Thyroid carcinoma histological types Please Feed My Alligator In order from most to least common and least to most aggressive. Papillary (60% of total) Follicular (25%) Medullary (5-10%) Anaplastic (5%

Sanjib Kumar Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) examples ACID Amitriptyline Clomipramine Imipramine Dosulepin Side-effects: anticholinergic symptoms involving eyes (blurred vision), mouth (dry mouth), bladder (urinary retention) and bowels (constipation)

Sanjib Kumar Functions of glutathion@STD CODE S-scavanger of toxic substances. T-transport of amino acid D-detoxification of organophos. compound C-coenzyme O-oxidation of SH to SS D-disulfide bond formation E-erythrocyte homeostasis

Sanjib Kumar

Bowel obstruction: symptoms "AVOID" Abdominal pain Vomiting Obstipation (severe constipation, not passing gas) Increased bowel sounds Distension of the abdomen

Medical Mnemonics (Memorizing Tips) cerebellar signs DANISH Dysdiadokokinesia, Dysmetria Ataxia towards the side of lesion Nystagmus Intention tremor Slurred speeech Hypotonia

Sanjib Kumar Superior mediastinum contents "BATS & TENT": Brachiocephalic veins Arch of aorta Thymus Superior vena cava Trachea Esophagus Nerves (vagus & phrenic) Thoracic duct

Hemanath Bomman Sickle cell disease complications SICKLE: Strokes/ Swelling of hands and feet/ Spleen problems Infections/ Infarctions Crises (painful, sequestration, aplastic)/ Cholelithiasis/ Chest syndrome/ Chronic hemolysis/ Cardiac problems Kidney disease Liver disease/ Lung problems Erection (priapism)/ Eye problems (retinopathy)

Clinical feature of SLE: MD PORA HASIN Malar rash Discoid rash Photo sensitivy Oral ulcer Renal involvement Arthritis Hematological involment ANA Serositis Immunological involement Neurological involment

Medical Mnemonics (Memorizing Tips) Live attenuated vaccines " ROME Is My Best Place To go Yet ! " Rubella ... Oral polio vaccine Measles Epidemic typhus Influenza Mumps BCG Plague Typhoid oral vaccine Yellow fever

Sanjib Kumar Excitatory neurotransmitters " S.A.N.D as Pure As Glu " The excitatory neurotransmitters are: Serotonin Acetyl choline (ACh) Nor-adrenaline/ Adrenaline Dopamine Purines Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Inhibitory neurotransmitters include Glycine, Histamine and GABA.

Sanjib Kumar

Microorganisms causing UTI "KEEPS" Klebsiella pneumoniae E.coli Enterococcus faecalis/ Enterobacter cloacae Pseudomonas aeruginosa/ Proteus mirabilis Staphylococcus saprophyticus/ Serratia marcescens

Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation "LR6 SO4 rest 3": Lateral Rectus is 6th ...Superior Oblique is 4th rest are all 3rd cranial nerve

Sanjib Kumar layers of the scrotum Some Damn Englishmen Called It Testis Skin Dartos External spermatic fascia Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia

Sanjib Kumar Branches of External Carotid Artery: Sister Luna's Powdered Face Often Attracts Medical Students Superior thyroid, Lingual, Posterior auricular, Occipital, Ascending pharyngeal, Maxillary, Superficial temporal

Sanjib Kumar TIRE- four abdominal muscles -- transversus, internal oblique, rectus abdominus, and external oblique

Sanjib Kumar HISTAMINE HCL production Inflammation Strong vasodilator Therapeutic vaue none Allergy Mast cells Neurotransmitter/ Narrow airways IgE

Sanjib Kumar Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions ABCDE: Asthma Block (heart block) COPD Diabetes mellitus Electrolyte (hyperkalemia)

Sanjib Kumar inhalational corticosteroids Bed Bug Flew To Florida B-BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE B-BUDESONIDE F-FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE T-TRIAMCINALONE F-FLUNISOLIDE

adverse effects of tetracyclins-KAPIL DEV K kidney toxicity A antianabolic effect P phototoxicity I inc ICP L liver toxicity D diabetes insipidus E enamel problems V vestibular toxicity

anjib Kumar Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: classic symptoms NOSE: Neck mass Obstructed nasal passage Serous otitis media externa Epistaxis or discharge Sanjib Kumar Abdominal pain: causes during pregnancy LARA CROFT: Labour Abruption of placenta Rupture (eg. ectopic/ uterus) Abortion Cholestasis Rectus sheath haematoma

Ovarian tumour Fibroids Torsion of uterus

All bacilli are gram negative except "L.DATTA" L - Listeria D - Diphtheria A - Actinomycetes T - Tetani Clostridium T - TB Mycobatcterium A - Anthrax bacillus

Sanjib Kumar (1)Capsulated pathogenic organisms are Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsule S Streptococcus pneumoniae K Klebsiella pneumoniae H Haemophilus influenzae P Pseudomonas aeruginosa N Neisseria meningitidis C Cryptococcus neoformans

Sanjib Kumar Heart failure causes "HEART MAy DIE": Hypertension Embolism Anemia Rheumatic heart disease Thyrotoxicosis (incl. pregnancy) Myocardial infarct Arrythmia Y Diet & lifestyle Infection Endocarditis

Sanjib Kumar Causes of Acute Renal Failure Patients can't VOID RIGHT V asculitis O bstruction

I nfection D rugs (acute tubular necrosis) R enal artery stenosis I nterstitial nephropathy G lomerular nephropathy H ypovolemia T hromboembolism

Ankle joint tendons Inferior to the medial malleolus are the tendons of the tibialis posterior,flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve andflexor hallucis longus. Tom, Dick and Harry Tom- tibialis posterior Dick-flexor digitoroum longus And- posterior tibial artery and posterior tibial nerve Harry-flexor hallucis longus

Sanjib Kumar Internal jugular vein: tributaries - "Medical Schools Let Confident People In": From inferior to superior: Middle thyroid Superior thyroid Lingual Common facial Pharyngeal Inferior petrosal sinus

Sanjib Kumar Inferior vena cava tributaries - "I Like To Rise So High": Illiacs Lumbar Testicular Renal Suprarenal Hepatic vein. Think of the IVC wanting to rise high up to the heart.

v Sanjib Kumar

Femoral triangle: arrangement of contents NAVEL: From lateral hip towards medial navel: Nerve (directly behind sheath) Artery (within sheath) Vein (within sheath) Empty space (between vein and lymph) Lymphatics (with deep inguinal node)

Sanjib Kumar Causes of osteoporosis are ACCESS : Alcohol Corticosteroids Calcium deficiancy (low intake) Eostrogen deficiency Smoking Sedentary Lifestyle