Biostatistics (a portmanteau of the words biology and statistics; sometimes referred to asb io me t ry orbio met ric s) is the application

ofstatistics to a wide range of topics in biology. The science of biostatistics encompasses the design of biological experiments, especially in medicine and agriculture; the collection, summarization, and analysis of data from those experiments; and the interpretation of, and inference from, the results. The History of Biostatistics Biostatistical reasoning and modeling were of critical importance to the foundation theories of modern biology. In the early 1900s, after the rediscovery of Mendel's work, the conceptual gaps in understanding between genetics and evolutionary Darwinism led to vigorous debate between biometricians such as Walter Weldon and Karl Pearson and Mendelians such as Charles Davenport, William Bateson and Wilhelm Johannsen. By the 1930s statisticians and models built on statistical reasoning had helped to resolve these differences and to produce the neo-Darwinian modern evolutionary synthesis. The leading figures in the establishment of this synthesis all relied on statistics and developed its use in biology. Sir Ronald A. Fisher developed several basic statistical methods in support of his work The Genetical Theory of NaturalSelection Sewall G. Wright used statistics in the development of modern population genetics J. B.S Haldane's book, The Causes of Evolution, reestablished natural selection as the premier mechanism of evolution by explaining it in terms of the mathematical consequences of Mendelian genetics. These individuals and the work of other biostatisticians, mathematical biologists, and statistically inclined geneticists helped bring together evolutionary and genetics into a consistent, coherent whole that could begin to be quantitatively modeled. In parallel to this overall development, the pioneering work of D'Arcy Thompson in On Growth and Form also helped to add quantitative discipline to biological study. Despite the fundamental importance and frequent necessity of statistical reasoning, there may nonetheless have been a tendency among biologists to distrust or deprecate results which are not qualitatively apparent. One anecdote describes Thomas Hunt Morgan banning the Frieden calculator from his department at Caltech, saying "Well, I am like a guy who is prospecting for gold along the banks of theSacramento River in 1849. With a little intelligence, I can reach down and pick up big nuggets of gold. And as long as I can do that, I'm not going to let any people in my department waste scarce resources in placer mining." Educators are now adjusting their curricula to focus on more quantitative concepts and tools. Biostatistics involves the theory and application of statistical science to analyze public health problems and to further biomedical research. MEANING

Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, and interpretation of data.[1][2] It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.[1]

A calculation is a deliberate process for transforming one or more inputs into one or more results, with variable change. calculation involves numbers and the word usually connotes a simple process, Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a population to yield some knowledge about the whole population, especially for the purposes of making predictions based on statistical inference.

Variables Dependent and independent variables in statistics

Variable (research), a logical set of attributes

Kinds or Branches Statistics

Statistics may be divided into two main branches: (1) Descriptive Statistics (2) Inferential Statistics 1) Descriptive Statistics: In descriptive statistics, it deals with collection of data, its presentation in various forms, such as tables, graphs and diagrams and findings averages and other measures which would describe the data. For Example: Industrial statistics, population statistics, trade statistics etc Such as businessman make to use descriptive statistics in presenting their annual reports, final accounts, bank statements. (2) Inferential Statistics: In inferential statistics, it deals with techniques used for analysis of data, making the estimates and drawing conclusions from limited information taken on sample basis and testing the reliability of the estimates. For Example: Suppose we want to have an idea about the percentage of illiterates in our country. We take a sample from the population and find the proportion of illiterates in the sample. This sample proportion with the help of probability enables us to make some inferences about the population proportion. This study belongs to inferential statistics