Price: Pediatric Nursing, 10th Edition

Open Book Quizzes Chapter 3: Care of the Hospitalized Child 1. How a child reacts to hospitalization depends on the childs age and preparation, previous illness-related experiences, support of family and health professionals, and the childs emotional status. 2. According to Hockenberry et al., the three stages of separation anxiety are protest, despair, and denial. 3. The nursing interventions for stressors of hospitalization follow: explain all procedures; be honest; include parents in the care of the child; encourage the parents to stay with the child; maintain routines and rituals of home; encourage the parents to bring familiar objects from home; if the parents cannot stay with the child, encourage them to call, leave photographs, and visit when possible; perform all invasive procedures in the treatment room to keep the childs room a safe place for the child; provide for a consistent caretaker when possible; comfort the child after traumatic procedures if parent is not present to care for the child; and provide age-related diversionary activities. 4. The nurse can assist the parents in identifying and meeting the needs of siblings in the following ways: keep siblings informed of the childs illness and progress; allow siblings to visit the hospitalized child; encourage siblings to provide pictures, make cards, and call; and allow siblings to assist with the care of the ill child if they seem comfortable doing so. 5. Critical thinking is an expanded, systematic way of thinking. It emphasizes process, inquiry, and meaning as well as creativity and ingenuity. Both critical thinking and the nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation) involve problem solving. 6. A complete health history includes the following: statistical information (name, address, phone number, etc.); client profile (eating and sleeping habits, educational level, developmental level, etc.); health history (birth history, illnesses, immunizations, previous hospitalizations, allergies, etc.); family history (information concerning the health status of the immediate family); and lifestyle and life patterns (social, psychological, physical, and cultural environment). 7. Common sites for measuring blood pressure in children are the brachial, the radial, the popliteal, and the posterior tibial arteries. 8. Advantages include safety, noninvasiveness, convenience, and rapid results. However, tympanic thermometers are not as accurate, especially in younger children, specifically those of less than 3 months of age. 9. With the Wong-Baker pain assessment tool, the child looks at several pictures of faces

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with expressions ranging from happy to sad and then chooses whichever face reflects his or her pain. The Oucher Scale for 3- to 7-year-old children consists of six photographs of a childs face with expressions representing levels ranging from no hurt to the biggest hurt you could ever have and includes a vertical scale with numbers from 0-100. 10. Pain medications may be administered rectally, by intramuscular injection, transdermally, or topically. The rectal route is occasionally used. Acetaminophen suppositories, for example, may be ordered rectally if the child has been vomiting or has difficulty swallowing. Because children generally fear needles, the intramuscular injection is rarely used. The transdermal route is generally reserved for chronic pain control. Topical application is often aimed at eliminating or reducing pain from procedures involving skin puncture.