LECTURE NOTES

COMPUTER SCIENCE SC025 FUNDAMENTAL OF MULTIMEDIA

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1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA 2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS 3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY 4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE 5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION M U L T I M E D I A

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Define Multimedia M U L T I M E D I A

DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA
Multimedia is an interactive communication process or presentation of information by using a combination of text, audio, graphic, video and/or animation.

Multimedia is a combination of different media via a computer system.

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ELEMENT MULTIMEDIA
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Describe the element of multimedia M U L T I M E D I A

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MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS Text

Text?
combination of alphabets, numbers and symbol basic element of multimedia involves the use of text types, sizes, colors and background color.

Hardware use?

keyboard, light pen, virtual keyboard, etc

Hypertext?
In a multimedia application, other media or screen can be linked through the use of text this is what you call hypertext

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Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:
1. The position of the text on the screen

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Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:
2. Length of the message

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Text
Effective multimedia program should consider:
3. Legibility of the text

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Standard File Format
Example:

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Graphics
Graphics?

digital representation of images make the multimedia application attractive help to illustrate ideas through still pictures

Types?
two types of graphics: bitmaps (paint graphics) and vector (draw graphics)

Hardware use?

digital camera, scanner

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Bitmap images?

Graphics

real images that can be captured from devices such as cameras or scanners. made up of pixels in a grid. common bitmap formats include: BMP, GIF, JPEG/JPG, PNG, PICT (Macintosh), PCX, TIFF easily converted restricted to rectangle minimal support for transparency

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Vector graphics?

Graphics

draw on the computer and only required a small amount of memory. Common vector formats include: AI (Adobe Illustrator), CDR (CorelDRAW), CMX (Corel Exchange), CGM Computer Graphics Metafile, DXF AutoCAD, WMF Windows Metafile scalable resolution independent no background cartoon-like inappropriate for photo-realistic images

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Example

Standard File Format

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Adakah psd sesuai kita katakan sebagai graphic file format? Seqadar diskusi.

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Video
Video?

is a product of recording moving images by using a camera or video machine. provides a powerful impact in a multimedia program.

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Why Digital Video?
Advantages

Video

video clips can be edited easily the digital video files can be stored like any other files in the computer and the quality of the video can still be maintained the video files can be transferred within a computer network it allows non-linear editing in any part of the video

Disadvantages

these digital video files are large in size transferring these files can take a long time especially when using the Internet.

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Example:

Standard File Format

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Audio
Audio / Sound?

use of speech, music and sound effects. two basic types of audio or sound: analog and digital audio. example of hardware used to enter audio is a microphone.

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Analog Audio?

Audio

the original sound signal. we can record analog audio file. special audio editors like Audacity can be use to convert analog audio files into digital audio files the digital sampling of the actual sound. used in multimedia

Digital Audio?

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Standard File Format
Example:

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Animation?

is a process of making a static image look like it is moving. in multimedia, digital animation is used. Digital animation can be categorized into two broad areas: 2D (2 Dimension) and 3D (3 Dimension) animations

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Animation
2D (2 Dimension)?
creating movements in basic objects these objects are put into various situations or positions and have movement on the screen.

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Animation
3D (3 Dimension)?
creating movements to three dimensional digital objects from photographs. movements like spinning and flying across the screen are some samples of animations.

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Standard File Format
Example:

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MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

DEFINITION

MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY INTERACTIVITY NON-LINEAR LINEAR

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MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Describe the mode of interactivity M U L T I M E D I A

Definition of Multimedia Interactivity

Interactivity?

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

refers to the way users interact with a multimedia application or program. user can use input devices such as a keyboard,joystick, mouse and touch screen to interact with the application through the computer two major categories of interactivity in multimedia linear and non-linear interactivity.
Non-linear interactivuty Linear interactivity

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MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Linear Interactivity
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Linear Interactivity?

does not allow the user to have control of the sequence and progress of the multimedia contents user interacts with the multimedia application without controlling the progress of the content user is a passive receiver of the multimedia content most of the time. content is usually arranged in sequence example: a movie although a movie uses a combination of audio, graphics and animations, the user has no control over the sequence of events.

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Linear Interactivity
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Example of linear interactivity

MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY

Non-Linear Interactivity
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Non-Linear Interactivity?

let user control the sequence and progress of the multimedia content. allow user to interact with the content according to what the user wants from the content two way communication user can control the progress and sequence of the multimedia content by using buttons or links.

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Non-Linear Interactivity
Example:
uses tools like hypertext to connect a word or a phrase to another screen an electronic book with links to another screen is considered as having non-linear multimedia content hypermedia, tool is similar to hypertext; it connects to different media elements such as audio and video.

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MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
METAPHOR

MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE SOFTWARE AUTHORING TOOLS SUPPORT SOFTWARE

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Authoring Tools LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Differentiate between multimedia authoring tools based on the metaphor 2. Explain different types of support software M U L T I M E D I A

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Authoring Tools?

Authoring Tools

program that helps you write multimedia applications. enable you to create a final application by linking together objects such as a paragraph of text graphic or a video.

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Authoring Tools
The metaphor conveys: way program organizes elements sequences events delivers Three basic categories: Time-based Card-based or Page-based Icon-based

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Authoring Tools
Time based?

the multimedia elements or events are presented and organized helps users coordinate when each multimedia element (text, a time line consists of layers which span several frames examples of authoring tools using the time based concept are

along a time line.

graphics, audio, video or animation) plays

Flash, Director and Ktoon. These software can support multi platform.

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Authoring Tools
Example (time based):

A simple presentation could contain three layers; layer one could contain a picture of a blue sky, layer two could contain a picture of a mountain and layer three a picture of a mountain climber.

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Icon based?

Authoring Tools

provides the multimedia developer with a visual programming approach to sequencing events in the multimedia application. elements and events are organized in a structural framework. users can present visually a logical flow of events by dragging icons from an icon menu and use drag and drop to pick up and place icons on the presentation page.

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Icon based?

Authoring Tools

the icons represent graphics, audio files, animation, text, movies, and other elements should be played in a logical flow or flow chart. A presentation is built by inserting one object after another e.g. a simple application could contain just three icons: picture, sound icon and text. examples of authoring tools using the icon base concept are Authorware and iconAuthor and these two software can support multi platform.

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Authoring Tools
Example (icon based):

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Page/card based?

Authoring Tools

based on the idea of page / card stacks containing graphics, audio, video, text and animation elements and events in card concept authoring tools are organized as pages in a book or a stack of cards by inserting objects into several pages, a multimedia book is eventually created developer can create transitions between pages and on the objects themselves examples of the card concept in authoring tools are ToolBook (use Windows platform), HyperCard and SuperCard (use Macintosh platform) and Impress (open source software).

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Authoring Tools
Example (page/card base):

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Support Software LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Explain different types of support software M U L T I M E D I A

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Support Software
Software that can be used to produce multimedia elements.

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Support Software

text editor is used to edit plain text

Examples of Editing Software OpenOffice.org Writer; *.odt Microsoft Word; *.doc, *.docx Wordpad *.rtf Notepad *.txt

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Support Software

illustrate pictures or objects.

graphic editor can edit images, draw or

Examples of Editing Software GIMP; *.xcf Adobe Photoshop; *.psd Corel Draw *.cdr Microsoft Paint *.bmp

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Support Software

special effects and animation for the Web. Examples of Editing Software 3D Blender; *.blend Adobe Flash; *.swf 3D Studio Max; *.max LightWave *.dvs

animation editors are used for producing 2D, 3D,

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MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE Support Software

audio editor is used for voice recording or producing

music and special sound effects. Examples of Editing Software Audacity; *.aup Sound Forge; *.wav WavePad; *.dvs

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Support Software

video editor is used to edit video.

Examples of Editing Software PiTiVi; *.xptv OpenShot; *.osp Adobe Premier; *.ptl Final Cut Pro; *.fcp

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MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
CD-ROM

DVD-ROM

MEDIUM MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION OF DISTRIBUTION

BD-ROM

FL AS H DR IVE

BROADBAND INTERNET

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MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. Differentiate medium of distribution M U L T I M E D I A

MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION
CD-ROM
CD-ROM?

acronym for compact disc-read-only memory use laser technology to store items. users can read the contents but cannot erase or modify it typical CD holds 650 MB to 1 GB of data, instructions and

contents.

information

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DVD-ROM
DVD-ROM?

acronym for digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital high capacity optical disk that user can read but not write on capable of storing 4.7 GB to 17 GB of data, depending on the

video disc-read-only memory.

or erase.

storage techniques used.

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BD-ROM
BD-ROM?

acronym for blu-ray disc-read-only memory. a newer, more expensive DVD format with higher capacity and better quality than standard DVDs. has storage capacities 0f 100 GB, with expectations of exceeding 200 GB in the future.

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Flash drive
Flash Drive?

also known as thumb drive a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on computer or mobile device. convenient for mobile users data transfer: 12MBps storage capacity: 512 MB to 100 GB

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The Broadband Internet
Broadband?

refers to a telecommunications signal of greater bandwidth, in some sense, than another standard or usual signal (and the broader the band, the greater the capacity for traffic) service provided: cable, DSL, fiber, radio signal and satellite. Malaysian broadband provider: Maxis, Celcom, Digi, WiMax

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SUMMARY
1. DEFINITION OF MULTIMEDIA 2. MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS 3. MODE OF MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVITY 4. MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE 5. MEDIUM OF DISTRIBUTION M U L T I M E D I A