THEORY OF CHOICE In decision making, each man faced with a choice in their lives, either choose to succeed or fail.

business concepts that we can see that the entrepreneur is exposed to risk, especially in making important decisions that affect the changes in their lives better, or vice versa. Every single human in this life will face this situation that forced them to make a decision this common situation are rarely for bussinessmen, student, a workers, family matter and so on. And we can see that these people have their own consideration while making the decision, the look through the situation needed and the way that have to take it is risk or not, and is it beneficial for them. For most decision-making tasks, alternatives are considered and their benefits are measured until a decision threshold is reached (Busemeyer and Townsend, 1993), at which stage a decision is determined. A large body of experimental studies has examined a variety of factors that affect how decisions are reached. These studies focus on how differing data are computed, probability estimated, and how such factors are mediated by time pressure and other parameters ( Dror, 2007 , Ariely and Zakay, 2001). A lot of researcher make their own reasearch and finding in human traits responses while making decision in life. From their result of research we can make a summary on how people make decision in life especially for bussiness people, either their willing being a succesful people or failed. One phenomenon of decision-making relates to how problems are framed and represented. Different representations of the same problem often result in different decisions (Kahneman and Tversky, 1973). This is mainly due to how framing and representations affect probability judgment and subsequent evaluations of alternative choices (Stanovich and West, 2000) Decision making theory in general, and mental models in particular, associate judgment and choice. Decision choice follows probability estimates and errors in choice derive mainly from errors in judgment. Choice Theory is an explanation of why and how all living creatures behave. Its basis is the idea that we are all driven by five genetic needs are survival, love, power, fun and freedom that dictate how we must attempt to live our lives. All we can do is behave, all our behaviour is an attempt to satisfy one or more of our basic needs and all our conscious behaviours are chosen. If we can learn to choose effective, responsible behaviours, which in practice means learning to control our actions and thoughts in a way that we satisfy our needs and do not deprive someone else of a chance to satisfy their needs, we will usually be happy, healthy and effective control of our lives. Choice Theory is a theory of behaviour, evolved

from systems theory that is based on the premise that all our behaviour is internally motivated to satisfy physical and or psychological needs ( survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, fun). It is our best attempt to satisfy the needs or to reduce pain.

Choice Theory of Dr William Glasser MD Choice Theory is espoused by Dr William Glasser MD. He has synthesised the work of others such as William Powers (Control Theory) and Deming ( Lead Management). William Glasser, MD was made a research on this choice of theory. And he showed that this theory have a principle and rule. From the wikipedia, we agreed that Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Abraham Maslow theory consist some of aspect which are include a survival aspect in matter of food, clothing, shelther, breathing, safety and a lot of needed. And then its also include a feeling of belonging or needed of connecting with to the others. Next, its include a power or significantly a competition and its also include freedom and appreciation concept. From that source, we also can see that choice theory is existence with a a quality world. The means of quality world is represent a person's total outlook and understanding of the world around them as it relates to people, possessions, and beliefs. Glasser also posits a "Comparing Place" in which we compare and contrast our real world experiences against our Quality World perspective. We behave to achieve as best we can a real world experience consistent with our Quality World. Meanwhile, Glassers agreed that behaviour made up of these four major components that will need more intentions, the components are acting of behaviour, how we thinking, managing of feeling, and last but not least our physiology. These all of component will influence our way of decision making, because people will make a decision by what they think is most important for them. And these behaviour element are the most thing that will influence how they make a decision. Glasser suggests that we have considerable control or choice over the first two of these, and little ability to directly choose the latter two. As these four components are closely intertwined, the choices we make in our thinking and acting greatly affect our feeling and physiology. Feeling can be control by a lot of source happiness in life by having a relationship, spouses, parents, family, friends, style of life and more. These all thing can help us to manage to control in mind to set it as a positive thinking and its will

beneficial for us in some other situation, when we need a push to make a right decision then it will help. Last but not least we can make a little conclusion here, theory that william glassers presented are include three major important component which are everything we do is a our behaviour and almost of it is a chosen behave by ourself and we are really close and need these five basics thing which are survival, love, belonging, power and freedom or fun. This theory supports beliefs, attitudes and strategies which contribute that a change can be made to behaviour by external influences such as punishment and reward. While some success in changing behaviour using external influences can be argued, such success is achieved only because the choice is being made at the time to respond to the influence. There are as many, if not more (as I do not have the data to provide for an accurate assessment) cases where externally applied strategies have been unsuccessful in achieving the desired change in behaviour. Choice Theory is an internal psychology. It maintains that all behaviour comes from within us. We choose our behaviour. We choose the best behaviour for our need or needs at the time. Choice Theory puts the responsibility onto the individual who must accept the consequences for the choice made. Some consequences are natural, some are imposed (such as what happens when a rule is broken). The difference between a consequence and punishment is that a consequence is expected. A punishment is not. Thats why it is viewed as unfair. A consequence may still be met with reluctance, but cannot be viewed as unfair because it had to be considered as a possible result of the behaviour chosen. This is theory also can be use to see how people react in making decision and most important things is all these theory are show us about people making decision and more over is important for bussinessman that always need in making a decision when they want to make a bussiness either they want to start a bussiness or they want to make a decision in making a deal with customer or producer. This choice theory present the effectuation theorists that totally believe in spirit and internal motivation. In entrepreneurship, for example, Choice Theory says that a person wanting to start a business would make the most rational and beneficial choices to get it off the ground while they want to start it need a courage them to make a steps, such as scouting a location and finding funding that essentially conforming to the market, and this can be done just if and only if this person have a motivation to make a steps. An effectual person, instead, would attempt to start a business based on his expertise. Rather than finding a location for the business, the effectual entrepreneur might use an expertise in cooking to contract his services to a restaurant and build from there.

Glassers theory present some item that we need to follow some rule of habits with the saven caring habits by replaces an external control psychology and the seven deadly habits for management of ourself. Moreover, from that we can know what is the impoetant aspect that influence ourself development by controlling external attitude. External control is present the psychology of almost all people in the world, is destructive to relationship.Whwn used, it will destroy the ability of one or both to find satisfaction in that relationsip and will result in a disconnection from each other. Being disconnected is the source of almost all human problems such as what is called mental illness, drug addiction, violence, crime, school failure, spousal abuse, and more than that. We also will presented in how to manage the problem by taking a right decision when we are exposed to this theory and learn from this managemant of habits that explosure ourself. This seven caring habits are also teach us the important of relationship by making a good relationship with others then we can take advantages to ourself that we can educate ourself to more positive. This type of thinking is very important to make us being a good decision-makers.

Seven Caring Habits VS Seven Deadly Habits

Seven Caring Habits 1. Supporting 2. Encouraging 3. Listening 4. Accepting 5. Trusting 6. Respecting 7. Negotiating differences

Seven Deadly Habits 1. Criticizing 2. Blaming 3. Complaining 4. Nagging 5. Threatening 6. Punishing 7. Bribing, rewarding to control

Theres are seven caring habits that be a important item that Glesser present and all of there are supporting ourself by supporting ourself, encouraging ourself to more ecposed with sociality, being a listener, trying to be a accepting,and make a trust and respecting to others

and last but not least doing a differences negotiating. While, the seven deadly habits that we have to avoid are being a criticizing and blamming person, complanning and nagging to other people, we also have to avoid from punishing, threatening and control people. All of these item are the most thing that we have to take care and make sure of it to make sure we can build a possitive habits to our self, because in making ourself being a good decision we need to make our mindset as positive as we can. Glesser agreed that when we teach ourself being a positive person we can learn how to make a right decision even in desperate and oppresed situation. So the first step that we have to take is motivate our self and make a reflection day by day, then we can make an improvement. We will review more detail on how these seven habits working and make us a better decision-makers. Supporting is one of the habits that we need to educate ourself, by this habits we can make a good relationship to other people because we try to support them and indirectly we are in supporting our self. From that we can see we can a beneficial by help people. When we try to motivate other people we also are in helping ourself indirectly we are motivate ourself, and this steps make us more sure in making descision. We are also can refer and make it more practical after we try to support others by our hand, in next time when we are in that problems and need a decision for our life, we can see and more easier to solve it. This rule is occure to all people in this life and in scope of bussinessman, they often exposed with this kind of need making decision, so they are really need to teach their self be more positive, and can be halp by supporting other friends, either their friends in bussiness world or outer than that scope. The second habits is encouragement, this habits all more to ourself. This is because we have to always encouragement ourself to try a new thing and ever look at back. People that ask for feedback do this for the reason of hearing someone else's opinion. As corny as it might sound, the work you make will only be seen from your side if you don't ask for feedback. If you let people look at your work, they will see it from another perspective. That's a good thing, because that person does not have a personal attachment to the work, thus it is much more honest (usually). The reason why you're probably asking this is that you're probably afraid of criticism. While it is true that people can be hard on you, they are being honest. However, the biggest reason of feedback is giving an idea of how it could be better. It's only a suggestion, so you don't have to change everything a person says. This kind of attitude is very important in being a good decision-makers of bussinessman because our choice either being a loser or winner.

From Wilson Mizne a good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while he knows something. We can summary that being a listener make us more mature in facing a problem. Even for a while we are just listening our friends problem we are try to solve our problem in difference way. And to educate ourself being a positive people we also need try to be a open minded person, try accept other either their weaknesses and ability. These two attitude will help a bussinessman being more nature and know about life. There some tips to being a good listener, make the situation harmonious and calm. Try to listen in patience and tolerance and these kind of steps will help us being more close to them and they will like us when we can being a good listener and this can improve your relationships, and get you more useful ideas and practical tips that can help you in many ways. And three last seven caring habits are, try to trusting, respecting and making a negotiation when is need. These all of habits are important to build a positive thinking and help the person to learn in management of emotional. In scope of bussinessman, a bussinessman need all these of positive thinking, because they are exposed to people outside of their life especially a bussinessman that often connect to people surround them. While making a posotive side in ourself, they will learn how to making a decision and pass from failed in their life. This theory of choice will teach a bussinessman how to make an identity that can make they learn how to be more positive and these attitude will help them in manage their self while making a decision in life to success. The seven deadly habits that we need to avoid is being a criticizing, blamming and complaining other people. This attitude will make our relationship to other people. And these situation make us uncomfortable also our relationship to other people will faraway and they make a distance to us. Some habits can have both direct and indirect negative effects. Probably most bad habits fall into this category. After all, anything that affects us negatively and that we could have controlled but didn't will tend to undermine our emotional state and self-esteem, leading to related stress. Compulsive overeating, for example, is dangerous to the body because the body isn't designed to take in huge amounts of food at one time. It can also create negative emotional states such as frustration, depression, and anxiety. Even less dramatic bad habits like habitual messiness can have a combination effect. If you can never keep things clean, for example, you might suffer frustration over never being able to find things, financial loss because of disorganization, and low self-esteem because it seems like everyone else is able to keep things neat but you (which, of course, is not true).

Nagging, threatening and punishing are also need try to avoid by all bussinessman because these attitude will harmfull their bussiness. The purpose is same like the others bad habits. These list of bad habits we need to avoid from our life especially when we are a profesion a bussinessman, we need be a profresional person. Not only because of that, we have to avoid that cause we need to teach our self how to maintain and always think positive. So that, we can learn by time in managing ourself indirectly to be a good decision-makers. From tis theory, all a bussinessman that want to learn how to be good decision, they have to practice these all steps of seven caring habits and avoid seven deadly habits for the first steps to being a motivate person among the others bussinessman.

The Ten Axioms Of Choice Theory 1. The only person whose behavior we can control is our own. 2. All we can give another person is information. 3. All long-lasting psychological problems are relationship problems. 4. The problem relationship is always part of our present life. 5. What happened in the past has everything to do with what we are today, but we can only satisfy our basic needs right now and plan to continue satisfying them in the future. 6. We can only satisfy our needs by satisfying the pictures in our Quality World. 7. All we do is behave. 8. All behavior is Total Behavior and is made up of four components: acting, thinking, feeling and physiology. 9. All Total Behavior is chosen, but we only have direct control over the acting and thinking components. We can only control our feeling and physiology indirectly through how we choose to act and think.
10. All Total Behavior is designated by verbs and named by the part that is the most

recognizable.

All of these axioms are the facts that influence us in making choice, we can see that Glessers theory show that our choice is most depends on our behaviour in life. Thats because we need to follow the seven caring habits and avoid seven deadly habits to make sure that we develope a positive identity and makes people easier to make a choice in their

life. As we can see all of these axioms have a relationship with a developement of personality and more to motivated ourself to being a great person by making a quality world. This choice theory by Glessers, strongly believe that motivation in our self are more influence by internally motivated and not externally motivated.while the other theories suggest that outside events cause us to behave in certain predictable ways, Choice Theory teach us that outside events never make us to do anything. What drives our behaviour are internally developed.

Decision Making Technique

It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. - J.K. Rowling "You have brains in your head, you have feet in your shoes, you can steer yourself in any direction you choose." - Dr. Seuss Action may not always bring happiness; but there is no happiness without action. - Benjamin Disraeli

All the above are the quotes that make us more realize there is an important steps in making decision, the important step is action, do the action and we will know that we are confidently in a right pathway. In making decion of course theres a lot of risk, either it will change the whole entire of life or its just a little of changes. Decision making skills are also a key component of time management skills. Decision making can be hard. Almost any decision involves some conflicts or dissatisfaction. The difficult part is to pick one solution where the positive outcome can outweigh possible losses. Avoiding decisions often seems easier. Yet, making your own decisions and accepting the consequences is the only way to stay in control of your time, your success, and your life. Theres a lot tips of step that can we follow to make us be more prepared and can help us in making a choice of decision. Becoming a more effective decision-maker will improve your leadership ability and increase your self-confidence. In addition, it is a skill that can help you make better use of your time, reduce your stress and help you achieve your goals.

Decision-making can be define as is the process of identifying and selecting from among possible solutions to a problem according to the demands of the situation. For example, decision-making in the area of vendor contracting might address how to deliver a service, which bidder gets a contract, how to ensure that a contractor meets its obligations, or whether to pay the contractor in large or small bills. A decision occurs when a solution to a problem is selected for implementation.Decisions can be made either formally or informally for formal decisions are relatively complex, non-routine, and generally non-repetitive. Policies, procedures, criteria, and methods for making such decisions may not always exist since the problem faced may lack precedent. Creativity may play a key role in such decisions, while informal decisions are more repetitive and routine in nature. Policies, procedures, criteria, and methods often exist to assist managers in making such decisions. http://www.preciousheart.net/chaplaincy/Auditor_Manual/9probslv.pdf Decision analysis techniques are rational processes or systematic procedures for applying critical thinking to information, data, and experience in order to make a balanced decision when the choice between alternatives is unclear. They provide organized ways of applying critical thinking skills developed around accumulating answers to questions about the problem. Steps include clarifying purpose, evaluating alternatives, assessing risks and benefits, and making a decision. Choice is desirable, yet it brings with it emotional challenges. Identifying buy candidates requires sifting through your universe for those worthy of serious consideration. Finding the few among the multitude can seem overwhelming. The more specific and disciplined the process for arriving at your short list the greater your chances of building repeatable performance. We are highly motivated to avoid pain, according to Sigmund Freud. Selling, it turns out, stimulates feelings of regret and pain. Our imaginations often make it a big deal the level of pain that a future experience will produce. Research shows that this simple process can greatly reduce how emotionally we approach sell choices. In the end successful choices are those that best reflect your intention rather than your fears. https://www.cabotresearch.com/issue23.php

Effective Process In Making Decision

Knowing Yourself Identify And Define The Problem Determine Your Requirement And Goals Frame The Decision Clearly And Gather Your Facts Identify Alternative And Other Option Consider The Barriers To Effective Decision-Making Make A Confirmation Of The Decisions Result

In this first steps we need know ourself and ability by focus on our inborn personality traits and consider their impact on our decision-making. For example, one of the most important of these traits is our tolerance and ability to deal with risk. We risk-taking profile has a profound affect on the options that you seek and value. When we are more aware of your inborn style, we can challenge yourself to consider a wider variety of options. These can help us build a confidently of ourself while making a decision. Then, move it to the next step which is face the problem and try identify the roor of problem by define the whole problem that we face. Even it will take our strenghtness, refer to our mision and personality traits that need always being positive it will help and make it more easier to identify the problem. Furthermore, you can planning a goal after you know the root of problem by determine the need of requirement and goals of the problem that we face. This steps is very important, and it will test our critical thinking while making a goals as sure that we can fixed the problem.

Look at the issue in its context, and take time to describe the decision as clearly and objectively as possible. Gather your facts and data, and make sure that your sources are reliable and your facts accurate. This steps need you to manage the action that you will take to run the process that you have made while find the goal.But in while, you have to take care with the other problem when its come in short while and you didnt realize it, so you have to make a alternative ways or preparation for another possibility that can happen. If the number of the possible alternatives is finite, we can check one by one if it meets the requirements. The infeasible ones must be deleted (screened out) from the further consideration, and we obtain the explicit list of the alternatives. If the number of the possible alternatives is infinite, the set of alternatives is considered as the set of the solutions fulfilling the constraints in the mathematical form of the requirements. Moreover, you have to consider the barrier that you

will facing in while check the result. Based on the choice theory, our behaviour will define how we make a decision and in our life we are exposed a lot of decision that we need to make and solve it, it just either we want it success or make failed. Last but not least, Successfull is a open choice to everybody and you just need make a step and manage your bahaviour then the successfull will be yours. Our goal is straightforward, by using the choice of theory we will learn how to being a motivated person and indirectly teach us how to manage ourself in being a good decision makers with an understanding of the basics of decision making and with an improved ability to make sense out of the complex decisions that you face in your life. All of these not make it our decision-making is easy. In fact, to the extent that we face up to decisions that we need use to ignore,maybe before this we may have to work harder in those situations to be an active and creative decision maker. Still, with careful thought and a little practice, we can take control of the decisions in your life. Instead of feeling pulled along with an amorphous current of circumstances, you can feel the satisfaction of making your decisions with a full and clear understanding of what you want to accomplish and how we make our choice can help us achieve our goals. Instead of simply hoping that things will work out in your favor, knowledge of our own values and careful thought about our choices can help us get what we want out of each decision and ultimately out of your life. Instead of being blinded and impressed by the complexity of the decisions we take and face, we will try to seize the opportunity to seek out and make our decisions with clarity, understanding, and confidence.