CL 201

Date :

Batch: ..... Roll No.: .. 9

Name : .. EXPERIMENT VERIFICATION FOR STRONG OF

DEBYE-HCKEL-ONSAGER EQUATION

ELECTROLYTES

AIM To verify the Debye-Hckel-Onsager equation for a strong uni-univalent electrolyte (KCl). THEORY Solutions of electrolytes (acids, bases and salts in water) conduct electricity. In these solutions, the passage of electric current is due to the migration of cations and anions in opposite directions.

c = o (A + B o)c

It is the valence, migration velocity and the concentration of the ions which determine the strength of the current flowing through a solution of an electrolyte. According to the Arrhenius theory, strong electrolytes (KCl, NaCl) dissociate completely at all dilutions. The increase in the molar conductance of solutions of strong electrolytes, with dilution, is mainly due to the increased mobility of the ions. Increase in dilution results in a decrease of inter ionic interactions, thereby increasing the migration speed of the ions, and hence the equivalent conductivity.

The conductance behavior of strong electrolytes has been given by the Debye-Hckel-Onsager equation

c = o (A + B o) c ,
1

where

c B

is

the equivalent conductivity at

concentration

c,

o A
At A with

is and

the equivalent conductivity at are the

infinite dilution,

Debye Hckel Onsager coefficients. are

25oC , plot of

the values

= 60.2 ,

and

= 0.229 . be linear,

(y - axis) against

(x - axis) should

a slope =

(A + B o).
the y-axis would give

The intercept on Hence,

o .
the graph to zero

can be obtained by

extrapolating

concentration.

MATERIALS

REQUIRED pipettes, beakers, KCl, volumetric flasks.

Conductometer (with cell),

PROCEDURE 1. Prepare a stock solution of 0.1 N KCl weighing. 2. 3. 4. Standardize the conductometer using this 0.1 N KCl Measure the conductance of Dilute the stock solutions of the following the 0.1 N KCl solution. solution. obtain solution by exact

solution of 0.1 N KCl, so as to concentrations of KCl :

0.05 N ; 0.025 N ; 0.0125 N ; 0.00625 N ; 0.00312 N . 5. Measure the conductance of each solution prepared in Step 4.

OBSERVATIONS Room Temperature = ..

o

Table 1. Conductivity of KCl solutions ____________________________________________________________

c specific conductance Concentration of KCl (N) (c) ____________________________________________________________

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.0125 0.00625

6 0.00312 ____________________________________________________________

CALCULATIONS Plot a graph of

AND GRAPH

(y - axis)

against

(x - axis).

Extrapolate to Calculate the Comment on RESULTS

C = 0 value of the Slope and the Intercept. the values obtained.