Eval Biom MA

Low2011

BSIP/Centre of Mass Worksheet

1. Which of the following are limitations associated in BSIP data derived from Cadaveric studies 1. Segmentation process 2. Sample size 3. Physical state of cadavers 4. Age of cadavers a. b. c. d. None of the above 1, 3 & 4 2&4 All of the above 1 mark 2. Which method did Dempster (1955) use to calculate MOI? a. Weighing b. Pendulum method & Parallel axis theorem c. Reaction board d. Water immersion method 1 mark 3. Many methods for calculating BSIP assume segments have an average density. What are the limitations of this assumption? 1. Volume of different individuals body segments differs 2. Trunk segment has a variable density due to breathing 3. Body segments are composed of different structures 4. Individuals have different body mass a. b. c. d. All of the above 2&3 1&4 1&3

1 mark 4. What is the gold standard imaging method of determining BSIP data? a. DEXA b. Gamma-mass scanning c. Computerised Axial Tomography d. Magnetic Regression Imaging 1 mark 5. What are the advantages of the Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov (1990) BSIP dataset? 1. Large sample size 2. Can be used on all ethnicities of participant 3. Can be used for pregnant women & obese populations 4. BSIP was calculated about all 3 axes a. b. c. d. 1 2&3 1&4 All of the above 1 mark 1

Eval Biom MA

Low2011

6. What is the major difference of the Hatze (1980) model compared to other methods for determining BSIP? a. Simplicity of the model b. No assumption of constant density c. Use of healthy young participants d. Segmentation method used 1 mark 7. What is the major limitation of the Hatze (1980) model? a. Number of measurements to be taken b. Sample population used c. Number of segments in the model d. Not account for shape fluctuations in individual segments 1 mark 8. Centre of mass of a body is defined as a. the point in the body at which all the weight of the object can be thought to be concentrated b. the centre of gravity of the body c. the point of stability for the body d. the point that represents the mean position for the concentration of all matter in the body 1 mark 9. Put the following methods into order of accuracy (most accurate first) in calculating centre of mass position: 1. MRI with uniform density 2. Relative segmental position from literature 3. Regression equation from literature 4. Mathematical model with non-uniform density determinations a. b. c. d. 1,2,3,4 3,2,4,1 2,3,1,4 2,4,3,1

1 mark 10. According to Andrew & Mish (1996) a 5% error in BSIP produces what level of error in the resultant joint moments? a. <1% b. 5% c. 10% d. 50% 1 mark

Eval Biom MA

Low2011

11. Calculate the whole body centre of gravity position, in metres, of the person relative to the fulcrum in the diagram below. The weighing scales have been zeroed with the board in place.

(Adapted from Hay, 1993) where W1 is the weight of the participant W2 is the weight of the board W3 is the force registered by the scales x1 is the longitudinal position of the whole body centre of gravity relative to the fulcrum x2 is the distance of the centre of gravity of the board relative to the fulcrum d is the distance from the scales to the fulcrum Participant mass = 66.0kg d = 250cm W2 = 400N W3 = 286N a. b. c. d. 110cm 1.08m 1.10m 1.25m 3 marks

Eval Biom MA Qn 12-14 refer to the figure and data below

Low2011

Mass of Participant = 65kg g = 9.81m/s/s Co-ordinates (mm) x y 2010 3557 2020 3152

Hip Knee

% mass % CoM pos de Leva (1996) Dempster (1955) de Leva (1996) Dempster (1955) Head 6.9 7.9 59.8 36.2 Trunk 43.5 46.9 44.9 44.8 Upper Arm 2.7 2.7 57.7 43.6 Forearm 1.6 1.6 45.7 43.0 Hand 0.6 0.6 79.0 50.6 Thigh 14.2 9.6 41.0 43.3 Shank 4.3 4.5 44.6 43.3 Foot 1.4 1.4 44.2 42.9 12. Using Dempsters (1955) data, calculate the centre of mass co-ordinates for the thigh a. (2006,3732) b. (2006,3723) c. (2014,3382) d. (2014,3391) 2 marks

Eval Biom MA 13. Using de Levas (1996) data, calculate the mass of the thigh a. 6.2kg b. 9.2kg c. 26.7kg d. 28.1kg

Low2011

1 mark 14. Using Dempsters (1955) data, calculate the magnitude of the moment about the OY axis by the thigh segment a. 12.57Nm b. 18.59Nm c. 123.31Nm d. 182.39Nm 4 marks Total 20 marks