Ch 4: Ecosystem Communities - Biomes, Succession, and Symbiosis

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The photic zone

a. extends to the bottom of the open ocean.
b. is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers.
c. is deep, cold, and permanently dark.
d. extends to a depth of about 200 meters.
2. A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its
a. average precipitation and temperature.
b. distance from the equator.
c. characteristic ecological community.
d. specific geographical location.
3. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
a. parasitism. c. predation.
b. commensalism. d. mutualism.
4. Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they
a. increase their populations. c. occupy different niches.
b. reproduce at different times. d. eat less.
5. Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
a. occupy different niches within the tree.
b. can find different temperatures within the tree.
c. eat different foods within the tree.
d. have different habitats within the tree.
6. The Earth’s polar regions are cold because
a. heat is transported from the poles to the c. the greenhouse effect does not occur at the
equator poles
b. they are never heated by the sun d. at the poles, the sun strikes at a very low
angle
7. The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called
a. population growth. c. ecological succession.
b. climax community. d. climate change.
8. Which is one way a wetland ecosystem differs from a standing-water ecosystem?
a. Water circulates in a standing-water ecosystem but not in a wetland.
b. Water does not always cover a wetland as it does a standing-water ecosystem.
c. Wetlands are salty, but standing-water ecosystems are fresh.
d. Wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but standing-water ecosystems are not.
9. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
a. type of soil in the ecosystem
b. average temperature of the ecosystem
c. concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem
d. number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem
10. Which organism lives where it is sometimes submerged and routinely exposed to air, heat, battering waves,
and strong currents?
a. sea star c. dolphin
b. tube worm d. whale
11. A predator can increase the numbers of certain species in its habitat by
a. killing and eating the competitors of other species.
b. crowding out the species it does not eat.
c. living symbiotically with other species.
d. avoiding certain prey species.
12. Which zone on Earth experiences the most change in climate throughout the year?
a. Tropical c. Antartic
b. Temperate d. Polar
13. Primary succession can begin after
a. a forest fire. c. a lava flow.
b. a severe storm. d. farm land is abandoned.
14. Ponds and lakes are
a. wetlands. c. flowing-water ecosystems.
b. standing-water ecosystems. d. estuaries.
15. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
a. methane c. water vapor
b. oxygen d. carbon dioxide
16. The temperate zone sits between
a. 0 and 60 degrees N & S latitude c. 30 and 60 degrees N & S latitude
b. 0 and 30 degrees N & S latitude d. 60 and 90 degrees N & S latitude
17. No two organisms can occupy the same niche.
a. True b. False
18. The symbiotic relationship between a flower and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of
a. predation because the insect feeds on the flower.
b. parasitism because the insect lives off the nectar from the flower.
c. commensalism because the insect does not harm the flower and the flower does not benefit
from the relationship.
d. mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food and the insect pollinates the
flower.
19. The tropical zone is warm all year long because
a. landmasses hold on to heat c. it receives the most rain
b. the sun’t angles change the most in that d. the sun strikes at a direct or nearly direct
part of Earth angle year-round
20. A wolf pack hunts, kills, and feeds on a moose. In this interaction, the wolves are
a. mutualists. c. predators.
b. prey. d. hosts.
21. All of the following factors contribute to Earth’s climate EXCEPT
a. longitude. c. latitude.
b. transport of heat. d. shape and elevation of landmasses.
22. The first species to inhabit an area after a forest fire are:
a. decidous tree siblings c. mosses and ferns
b. grasses and ferns d. lichens and grasses
23. Lichens are
a. the protective covering to prevent water c. a mutualistic relationship between algae
loss in cactus and fungus
b. salt tolerant woody plants d. microscopic plants that float in the upper
ocean
24. Aquatic ecosystems are classified by all of the following EXCEPT
 a. organisms that live there. c. chemistry of the water.
b. temperature of the water. d. depth and flow of the water.
25. Which of the following is not considered a deciduous tree?
a. maple c. dogwood
b. oak d. spruce
26. The competitive exclusion principle states that:
a. no two species can occupy the same niche c. one species is excluded from a resource
due to competition
b. a habitat can only support certain types of d. two organisms compete for the same spe-
species cies
27. During a long period when there is no rainfall, a mountain lion may temporarily leave its usual hunting territ-
ory to drink from a farm pond. This behavior is probably due to
a. its need to find a new habitat.
b. its need to find different foods to eat.
c. the change in a biotic factor in its environment.
d. the change in an abiotic factor in its environment.
28. Climate is a global factor that produces
a. solar energy within the atmosphere.
b. a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities.
c. Earth’s unique ocean and atmosphere.
d. the shape and elevation of landmasses.
29. The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region are referred to
as the region’s
a. climate. c. weather.
b. ecosystem. d. latitude.
30. A layer a permanantly frozen soil found in the tundra is called
a. emergent layer c. permafrost
b. taiga d. chaparral
31. Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
a. plant life. c. rainfall.
b. temperature. d. soil type.
32. Climate conditions in a small area that differ significantly from the climate of the surrounding area are called
a. microclimates. c. ecosystems.
b. biomes. d. natural features.
33. Temperatures on Earth remain within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the
a. unequal heating of Earth’s surface.
b. loss of heat to space.
c. radiation of sunlight back into the atmosphere.
d. greenhouse effect.
34. The greenhouse effect is
a. an unnatural phenomenon that causes heat energy to be radiated back into the atmosphere.
b. the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
c. a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth’s temperature range.
d. the result of the differences in the angle of the sun’s rays.
35. Cool air over the poles will
a. flow parallel to Earth’s surface. c. sink.
b. absorb heat from the equator. d. rise.
36. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of freshwater wetlands?
 a. Freshwater wetlands include bogs, marshes, and swamps.
b. The water in freshwater wetlands is always brackish.
c. Wetlands are important breeding grounds for migratory birds.
d. Water may be present near the surface of the soil for part of the year.
37. The microorganisms that live inside the gut of a termite have what type of symbiotic relationship?
a. parasitic c. ammensalistic
b. mutualistic d. commensalistic
38. An organism’s niche is
a. all the physical and biological factors in the organism’s environment.
b. a full description of the place an organism lives.
c. the range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in
which it uses those conditions.
d. the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive.
39. The ability of an organism to survive under conditions that differ from its optimal conditions is called
a. variation c. succession
b. tolerance d. niche
40. Which two biomes have the least amount of precipitation?
a. tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
b. tundra and desert
c. tropical rain forest and temperate grassland
d. boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland
41. Which of the following statements about conifer trees in NOT true
I. Have waxy leaves IV. Shed their leaves annually
II. Have broad leaves V. Cone bearing
III. Have needle like leaves VI. Fleshy fruit

a. I, III, and V only c. I, IV, and VI only

b. II and IV only d. II, IV, and VI only
42. Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
a. desert c. tropical dry forest
b. tundra d. temperate forest
43. The difference between weather and climate is that
a. climate deals with precipitation and tem- c. weather refers to year round and climate is
perature only at a particular place and time
b. weather deals with precipitation only tem- d. climate refers to year round while weather
perature only is at a particular place and time
 Ch 4: Ecosystem Communities - Biomes, Succession, and Symbiosis
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 109 OBJ: 4.4.3

NAT: I | C.3.b | F.2 KEY: knowledge
2. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 98 OBJ: 4.3.2
NAT: C.3.b | C.5.e | C.5.e KEY: comprehension
3. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 93 OBJ: 4.2.2
NAT: B.6 | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: knowledge
4. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 92 OBJ: 4.2.2
NAT: B.6 | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: application
5. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 92 OBJ: 4.2.1
NAT: C.4.a | C.4.c | C.5.e KEY: application
6. PTS: 1
7. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 94 OBJ: 4.2.3
NAT: C.3.b | C.4.c | F.5 KEY: knowledge
8. PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 107 OBJ: 4.4.2
NAT: I | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: analysis
9. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 90 OBJ: 4.2.1
NAT: C.4.a | C.4.c | C.5.e KEY: application
10. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 110 OBJ: 4.4.3
NAT: I | C.3.b | F.2 KEY: application
11. PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 92 | p. 93 OBJ: 4.2.2
NAT: B.6 | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: analysis
12. PTS: 1
13. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 94 OBJ: 4.2.3
NAT: C.3.b | C.4.c | F.5 KEY: knowledge
14. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 107 OBJ: 4.4.2
NAT: I | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: knowledge
15. PTS: 1
16. PTS: 1
17. PTS: 1
18. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 93 OBJ: 4.2.2
NAT: B.6 | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: application
19. PTS: 1
20. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 93 OBJ: 4.2.2
NAT: B.6 | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: application
21. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 87 OBJ: 4.1.1
NAT: B.5 | D.1 KEY: comprehension
22. PTS: 1
23. PTS: 1
24. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 106 OBJ: 4.4.1
NAT: I | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: knowledge
25. PTS: 1
26. PTS: 1
27. PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 90 OBJ: 4.2.1
NAT: C.4.a | C.4.c | C.5.e KEY: analysis
28. PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 87 OBJ: 4.1.1
NAT: B.5 | D.1 KEY: analysis
29. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 87 OBJ: 4.1.1
NAT: B.5 | D.1 KEY: knowledge
30. PTS: 1
31. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 90 OBJ: 4.2.1
NAT: C.4.a | C.4.c | C.5.e KEY: knowledge
32. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 98 OBJ: 4.3.1
NAT: B.6 | C.5.e KEY: knowledge
33. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 87 OBJ: 4.1.2
NAT: D.1 KEY: knowledge
34. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 87 OBJ: 4.1.2
NAT: D.1 KEY: comprehension
35. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 89 OBJ: 4.1.3
NAT: D.1 KEY: knowledge
36. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 107 OBJ: 4.4.1
NAT: I | C.3.b | C.5.e KEY: application
37. PTS: 1
38. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 91 OBJ: 4.2.1
NAT: C.4.a | C.4.c | C.5.e KEY: knowledge
39. PTS: 1
40. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 101 | p. 104
OBJ: 4.3.2 NAT: C.3.b | C.5.e | C.5.e KEY: comprehension
41. PTS: 1
42. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 104 OBJ: 4.3.2
NAT: C.3.b | C.5.e | C.5.e KEY: knowledge
43. PTS: 1