Trigonometrijske funkcije

f(x) = sin x f(x) = arcsin x

2

2
2
1
1 1
1
1 1

2
T
f
= R
1
f
= [1, 1]
T
f
= [1, 1]
1
f
= [

2
,

2
]
f(x) = cos x f(x) = arccos x
2

2
2
1 1

2
T
f
= R
1
f
= [1, 1]
T
f
= [1, 1]
1
f
= [0, ]
f(x) = tg x f(x) = arctg x

2
3

2
T
f
= R

2
+ k: k Z
1
f
= R
T
f
= R
1
f
=

2
,

2
)
f(x) = ctg x f(x) = arcctg x
2

T
f
= R k: k Z
1
f
= R
T
f
= R
1
f
= 0, )
sin (x y) = sin xcos y cos xsin y tg(x y) =
tg xtg y
1tg xtg y
sin 2x = 2 sin xcos x
cos (x y) = cos xcos y sin xsin y ctg(x y) =
ctg x ctg y1
ctg yctg x
cos 2x = cos
2
x sin
2
x
sin x sin y = 2 sin
xy
2
cos
xy
2
sin xsin x =
cos(xy)cos(x+y)
2
sin
2
x + cos
2
x = 1
cos x + cos y = 2 cos
x+y
2
cos
xy
2
sin xcos x =
sin(x+y)+sin(xy)
2
cos x cos y = 2 sin
x+y
2
sin
xy
2
cos xcos x =
cos(xy)+cos(x+y)
2
Hiperbolne funkcije
f(x) = sh x f(x) = Arsh x
T
f
= R
1
f
= R
T
f
= R
1
f
= R)
f(x) = ch x f(x) = Arch x
1
1
T
f
= R
1
f
= [1, +)
T
f
= [1, +)
1
f
= [0, +)
f(x) = th x f(x) = Arth x
1
1
1 1
T
f
= R
1
f
= 1, 1)
T
f
= 1, 1)
1
f
= R
f(x) = cth x f(x) = Arcth x
1
1
1 1
T
f
= R 0
1
f
= , 1) 1, +)
T
f
= , 1) 1, +)
1
f
= R 0
sh (x y) = sh xch y ch xsh y sh 2x = 2 sh xch x
ch (x y) = ch xch y sh xsh y ch 2x = ch
2
x + sh
2
x
ch
2
x sh
2
x = 1
th(x y) =
th xth y
1th xth y
cth(x y) =
cth x cth y1
cth ycth x
Tablica limesa
lim
x0
sin x
x
= 1
lim
x0
1 cos x
x
2
=
1
2
lim
x0
(1 + x)
1
x
= e
lim
x0
e
x
1
x
= 1
lim
x0
a
x
1
x
= lna (a > 0)
lim
x0
sh x
x
= 1
lim
x0
ch x 1
x
2
=
1
2
lim
x
_
1 +
1
x
_
x
= e
lim
x0
ln(1 +x)
x
= 1
lim
x0
(1 + x)
a
1
x
= a (a R)
lim
x+
x
p
a
x
= 0 (p R, a > 1)
lim
x
a
m
x
m
+ a
m1
x
m1
+ + a
1
x + a
0
b
n
x
n
+ b
n1
x
n1
+ + b
1
x + b
0
=
_
_
_
am
bn
kada je m = n
0 kada je m < n
kada je m > n
(m, n N
0
, a
0
, . . . , a
m
, b
0
, . . . , b
n
R, a
m
, b
n
,= 0)
Limesi oblika lim
xc
(x)
(x)
Neka je lim
xc
(x) = A, 0 < A +, lim
xc
(x) = B, B +, pri cemu je
c +.
1

Ako je B R, onda vrijedi

lim
xc
(x)
(x)
= A
B
2

Ako je A ,= 1, B = , onda vrijedi

lim
xc
(x)
(x)
=
_

_
+ kada je A < 1, B =
0 kada je A < 1, B = +
0 kada je A > 1, B =
+ kada je A > 1, B = +
3

Ako je A = 1, B = , onda se limes racuna po formuli

lim
xc
(x)
(x)
= e
lim
xc
((x)1)(x)
Tablica derivacija
c

= 0 (c R konstanta)
x

= 1
(x
n
)

= nx
n1
(n Z)
(x
a
)

= ax
a1
(a R, x > 0)
(

x)

=
1
2

x
(x > 0)
(sin x)

= cos x
(cos x)

= sin x
(tg x)

=
1
cos
2
x
(ctg x)

=
1
sin
2
x
(arcsin x)

=
1

1 x
2
([x[ < 1)
(arccos x)

=
1

1 x
2
([x[ < 1)
(arctg x)

=
1
1 + x
2
(arcctg x)

=
1
1 + x
2
(a
x
)

= a
x
ln a (a > 0)
(e
x
)

= e
x
(log
a
x)

=
1
xln a
(a > 0, a ,= 1, x >
0)
(ln x)

=
1
x
(x > 0)
(sh x)

= ch x
(ch x)

= sh x
(thx)

=
1
ch
2
x
(cth x)

=
1
sh
2
x
(Arsh x)

=
1

1 + x
2
(Arch x)

=
1

x
2
1
(x > 1)
(Arth x)

=
1
1 x
2
([x[ < 1)
(Arcth x)

=
1
1 x
2
([x[ > 1)
Pravila deriviranja
(u(x) v(x))

= u

(x) v

(x)
(c u(x))

= c u

(x)
(u(x) v(x))

= u

(x)v(x) + u(x)v

(x)
_
u(x)
v(x)
_

=
u

(x)v(x) u(x)v

(x)
v(x)
2
_
1
v(x)
_

=
v

(x)
v(x)
2
_
f(g(x))
_

= f

(g(x)) g

(x)
Derivacije viseg reda
(a
x
)
(n)
= a
x
ln
n
a (a > 0)
(sin x)
(n)
= sin (x +
n
2
)
(cos x)
(n)
= cos (x +
n
2
)
(sh x)
(n)
=
_
sh x, n paran
ch x, n neparan
(ch x)
(n)
=
_
ch x, n paran
sh x, n neparan
(x
m
)
(n)
= m(m1) (mn + 1)x
mn
(m Z)
(u v)
(n)
(x) =

n
k=0
_
n
k
_
u
(k)
(x) v
(nk)
(x)
Tablica integrala
_
dx = x + C
_
x
a
dx =
x
a+1
a + 1
+ C (a ,= 1)
_
dx
x
= ln [x[ + C
_
e
x
dx = e
x
+ C
_
a
x
dx =
a
x
ln a
+ C (a > 0, a ,= 1)
_
cos xdx = sin x + C
_
sin xdx = cos x + C
_
dx
cos
2
x
= tg x + C
_
dx
sin
2
x
= ctg x + C
_
ch xdx = sh x + C
_
sh xdx = ch x + C
_
dx
ch
2
x
= th x + C
_
dx
sh
2
x
= cth x + C
_
dx

1 x
2
= arcsin x + C
_
dx
1 + x
2
= arctg x + C
_
dx

1 + x
2
= Arsh x + C = ln
_
x +

1 + x
2
_
+ C
_
dx

x
2
1
= Arch x + C = ln

x +

x
2
1

+ C
_
dx

a
2
x
2
= arcsin
x
a
+ C (a > 0)
_
dx
a
2
+ x
2
=
1
a
arctg
x
a
+ C (a > 0)
_
dx

a
2
+ x
2
= ln
_
x +

a
2
+ x
2
_
+ C (a > 0)
_
dx

x
2
a
2
= ln

x +

x
2
a
2

+ C (a > 0)
_
dx
a
2
x
2
=
1
2a
ln

x + a
x a

+ C (a > 0)
Taylorovi redovi
1. e
x
= 1 +x +
x
2
2!
+
x
3
3!
+ . . . =

n=0
x
n
n!
, x R
2. cos x = 1
x
2
2!
+
x
4
4!

x
6
6!
+ . . . =

n=0
(1)
n
x
2n
(2n)!
, x R
3. sin x = x
x
3
3!
+
x
5
5!

x
7
7!
+ . . . =

n=0
(1)
n
x
2n+1
(2n + 1)!
, x R
4.
1
1 x
= 1 +x + x
2
+ x
3
+ . . . =

n=0
x
n
, [x[ < 1
5. (1 + x)

= 1 +
_

1
_
x +
_

2
_
x
2
+ . . . =

n=0
_

n
_
x
n
, [x[ < 1,
pri cemu je
_

n
_
=
( 1) ( n + 1)
n!
,
_

0
_
= 1
6.

1 + x = (1 +x)
1
2
= 1 +

n=1
(1)
n1
(2n 3)!!
2
n
n!
x
n
, [x[ < 1,
jer je
_
1
2
n
_
=
(1)
n1
(2n 3)!!
2
n
n!
7.
1

1 + x
= (1 +x)

1
2
= 1 +

n=1
(1)
n
(2n 1)!!
2
n
n!
x
n
, [x[ < 1,
jer je
_

1
2
n
_
=
(1)
n
(2n 1)!!
2
n
n!
8. Ako je P polinom stupnja m, onda je
P(x) = P(0) +
P

(0)
1!
x +
P

(0)
2!
x
2
+ . . . =
m

n=0
P
(n)
(0)
n!
x
n
, [x[ < 1
9. ln (1 +x) =
x
1

x
2
2
+
x
3
3

x
4
4
+ . . . =

n=1
(1)
n1
x
n
n
, [x[ < 1
10. arctg x =
x
1

x
3
3
+
x
5
5

x
7
7
+ . . . =

n=0
(1)
n
x
2n+1
2n + 1
, [x[ < 1
11. arcsin x =

n=0
(2n 1)!!
2
n
n!

x
2n+1
2n + 1
, [x[ < 1