I. General Provisions...................................................................................................................................3 A. 101-102: Purpose of Evidence Law (T pa e 1!..................................................................................3 ". 10#: Preli$inar% Issues in Evidence &ulin s (condi'ional relevance!

(T pa e 31!............................3 (. 10): Li$i'ed Ad$issi*ili'% (T pa e )0!..............................................................................................3 +. 10,: &ule of (o$ple'eness (T pa e ),!..............................................................................................3 II. &elevanc% and I's Li$i's.........................................................................................................................# A. #01-#02: Lo ical &elevance (T pa e 1)3- 1,.!..................................................................................# ". #03: Pra $a'ic &elevanc% (Pre/udice! (T pa e 101!..........................................................................# (. #0#: (1arac'er Evidence (T pa e 121!................................................................................................# +. #0): 3e'1ods of Provin (1arac'er (T pa e 21#! .............................................................................) E. #0,: 4a*i' and &ou'ine Prac'ice (T pa e 22#!....................................................................................) 5. #00: 6u*se7uen' &e$edial 3easures (T pa e 231!............................................................................) G. #02: 6e''le$en's (T pa e 2#1!............................................................................................................) 4. #0.: Pa%$en' of 3edical E8penses (T pa e 2#.!..............................................................................) I. #10: Plea "ar ains (T pa e 2)0!.........................................................................................................., 9. #11: Lia*ili'% Insurance (T pa e 2).!.................................................................................................., :. #12: 6e8ual "e1avior of (o$plainin ;i'ness (T pa e 2,3- 202!....................................................0 L. #13-#1): 6i$ilar (ri$es *% +efendan' in 6e8ual Assaul' and 3oles'a'ion (ases (T pa e 202!.......2 III. Privile es................................................................................................................................................ A. )01: Privile es (T pa e 30)!................................................................................................................ ". )02: Privile e ;aiver (T pa e 32#!..................................................................................................10 (. )03 (Proposed<&e/ec'ed!: A''orne%-(lien' Privile e (1andou'!........................................................11 +. )0# (Proposed<&e/ec'ed!: Ps%c1o'1erapis'-Pa'ien' Privile e (1andou'!...........................................12 I=. ;i'nesses.............................................................................................................................................12 A. ,02: Personal :nowled e (T pa e #3)!............................................................................................12 ". ,0,: 9uror (o$pe'enc%: I$peac1$en' of =erdic's (T pa e ##,!.....................................................13 (. ,00-,0.: I$peac1$en' of ;i'nesses (T pa e #,,- #2,- )00- )23!..................................................13 +. ,10: &eli ion (no' assi ned!.............................................................................................................1# E. ,11: Presen'in Tes'i$on% (T pa e )0,!..........................................................................................1) 5. ,12: +ocu$en's &efres1in 3e$or% (T pa e ,02!..........................................................................1) G. ,13: 61owin Prior Inconsis'en' 6'a'e$en's (T pa e )32!...............................................................1) =. >pinions and E8per' Tes'i$on%...........................................................................................................1, A. 001-00): >pinions and E8per' Tes'i$on% (T pa e ,21!..................................................................1, =I. 4earsa%................................................................................................................................................10 A. 201: 4earsa% (prior s'a'e$en' *% 'es'if%in wi'ness- ad$ission *% par'% opponen'! (T pa e 01.023- 0.0!................................................................................................................................................10 ". 202: 4earsa% &ule (no' assi ned!......................................................................................................10 (. 203: ?nres'ric'ed 4earsa% E8cep'ions (T pa e 23#!- +ocu$en's (T pa e 203!...............................12 +. 20#: 4earsa% E8cep'ion: +eclaran' ?navaila*le (T pa e .3)!.........................................................21 E. 20): 3ul'iple 4earsa% (T pa e 1000!...............................................................................................22 5. 20,: (redi*ili'% of 4earsa% +eclaran' (T pa e 1001!.......................................................................22 G. 200: 4earsa% E8cep'ion: (a'c1all (T pa e 1003!.............................................................................22 =II. Au'1en'ica'ion and Iden'ifica'ion.......................................................................................................23 A. .01: Au'1en'ica'ion (T pa e 10,)!...................................................................................................23 =III. (on'en's of ;ri'in s- &ecordin s- and P1o'o rap1s........................................................................2#

A. 1001-1002: "es' Evidence +oc'rine (T pa e 11#1!..........................................................................2#

I. General Provisions A. 101-102: Purpose of Evidence Law (T page 1) Rule 101. Scope T1ese rules overn proceedin s in '1e cour's of '1e ?ni'ed 6'a'es and *efore ?ni'ed 6'a'es *an@rup'c% /ud es and ?ni'ed 6'a'es $a is'ra'e /ud es- 'o '1e e8'en' and wi'1 '1e e8cep'ions s'a'ed in rule 1101. Rule 102. Purpose and Construction T1ese rules s1all *e cons'rued 'o secure fairness in ad$inis'ra'ion- eli$ina'ion of un/us'ifia*le e8pense and dela%- and pro$o'ion of row'1 and develop$en' of '1e law of evidence 'o '1e end '1a' '1e 'ru'1 $a% *e ascer'ained and proceedin s /us'l% de'er$ined. B. 104: Pre i!inar" #ssues in Evidence $u ings (condi%iona re evance) (T page &1) Preliminary Questions (a) Questions of admissi ility !enerally. Preli$inar% 7ues'ions concernin '1e 7ualifica'ion of a person 'o *e a wi'ness- '1e e8is'ence of a privile e- or '1e ad$issi*ili'% of evidence s1all *e de'er$ined *% '1e cour'- su*/ec' 'o '1e provisions of su*division (*!. In $a@in i's de'er$ina'ion i' is no' *ound *% '1e rules of evidence e8cep' '1ose wi'1 respec' 'o privile es. ( ) Relevancy conditioned on fact. ;1en '1e relevanc% of evidence depends upon '1e fulfill$en' of a condi'ion of fac'- '1e cour' s1all ad$i' i' upon- or su*/ec' 'o- '1e in'roduc'ion of evidence sufficien' 'o suppor' a findin of '1e fulfill$en' of '1e condi'ion. (c) "earin! of #ury. 4earin s on '1e ad$issi*ili'% of confessions s1all in all cases *e conduc'ed ou' of '1e 1earin of '1e /ur%. 4earin s on o'1er preli$inar% $a''ers s1all *e so conduc'ed w1en '1e in'eres's of /us'ice re7uire- or w1en an accused is a wi'ness and so re7ues's. (d) $estimony y accused. T1e accused does no'- *% 'es'if%in upon a preli$inar% $a''er- *eco$e su*/ec' 'o cross-e8a$ina'ion as 'o o'1er issues in '1e case. (e) %ei!&t and credi ility. T1is rule does no' li$i' '1e ri 1' of a par'% 'o in'roduce *efore '1e /ur% evidence relevan' 'o wei 1' or credi*ili'%. '. 10(: Li!i%ed Ad!issi)i i%" (T page (0) 'imited (dmissi ility ;1en evidence w1ic1 is ad$issi*le as 'o one par'% or for one purpose *u' no' ad$issi*le as 'o ano'1er par'% or for ano'1er purpose is ad$i''ed- '1e cour'- upon re7ues'- s1all res'ric' '1e evidence 'o i's proper scope and ins'ruc' '1e /ur% accordin l%. *. 10+: $u e of 'o!p e%eness (T page (+) Remainder of or Related %ritin!s or Recorded Statements ;1en a wri'in or recorded s'a'e$en' or par' '1ereof is in'roduced *% a par'%- an adverse par'% $a% re7uire '1e in'roduc'ion a' '1a' 'i$e of an% o'1er par' or an% o'1er wri'in or recorded s'a'e$en' w1ic1 ou 1' in fairness 'o *e considered con'e$poraneousl% wi'1 i'.

II. Relevancy and Its 'imits A. 401-402: Logica $e evance (T page 1(&, 1+-) Rule )01. *efinition of +Relevant ,vidence+ A&elevan' evidenceA $eans evidence 1avin an% 'endenc% 'o $a@e '1e e8is'ence of an% fac' '1a' is of conse7uence 'o '1e de'er$ina'ion of '1e ac'ion $ore pro*a*le or less pro*a*le '1an i' would *e wi'1ou' '1e evidence. Rule )02. Relevant ,vidence Generally (dmissi le- Irrelevant ,vidence Inadmissi le All relevan' evidence is ad$issi*le- e8cep' as o'1erwise provided *% '1e (ons'i'u'ion of '1e ?ni'ed 6'a'es- *% Ac' of (on ress- *% '1ese rules- or *% o'1er rules prescri*ed *% '1e 6upre$e (our' pursuan' 'o s'a'u'or% au'1ori'%. Evidence w1ic1 is no' relevan' is no' ad$issi*le. B. 40&: Prag!a%ic $e evanc" (Pre.udice) (T page 1/1) ,.clusion of Relevant ,vidence on Grounds of Pre#udice/ Confusion/ or %aste of $ime Al'1ou 1 relevan'- evidence $a% *e e8cluded if i's pro*a'ive value is su*s'an'iall% ou'wei 1ed *% '1e dan er of unfair pre/udice- confusion of '1e issues- or $isleadin '1e /ur%- or *% considera'ions of undue dela%- was'e of 'i$e- or needless presen'a'ion of cu$ula'ive evidence. '. 404: '0arac%er Evidence (T page 111) C&aracter ,vidence 0ot (dmissi le $o Prove Conduct- ,.ceptions- 1t&er Crimes (a) C&aracter evidence !enerally Evidence of a personBs c1arac'er or a 'rai' of c1arac'er is no' ad$issi*le for '1e purpose of provin ac'ion in confor$i'% '1erewi'1 on a par'icular occasion- e8cep': (1! (1arac'er of accused - In a cri$inal case- evidence of a per'inen' 'rai' of c1arac'er offered *% an accused- or *% '1e prosecu'ion 'o re*u' '1e sa$e- or if evidence of a 'rai' of c1arac'er of '1e alle ed vic'i$ of '1e cri$e is offered *% an accused and ad$i''ed under &ule #0#(a!(2!- evidence of '1e sa$e 'rai' of c1arac'er of '1e accused offered *% '1e prosecu'ionC (2! (1arac'er of alle ed vic'i$ - In a cri$inal case- and su*/ec' 'o '1e li$i'a'ions i$posed *% &ule #12evidence of a per'inen' 'rai' of c1arac'er of '1e alle ed vic'i$ of '1e cri$e offered *% an accused- or *% '1e prosecu'ion 'o re*u' '1e sa$e- or evidence of a c1arac'er 'rai' of peacefulness of '1e alle ed vic'i$ offered *% '1e prosecu'ion in a 1o$icide case 'o re*u' evidence '1a' '1e alle ed vic'i$ was '1e firs' a ressorC (3! (1arac'er of wi'ness - Evidence of '1e c1arac'er of a wi'ness- as provided in rules ,00- ,02- and ,0.. ( ) 1t&er crimes/ 2ron!s/ or acts Evidence of o'1er cri$es- wron s- or ac's is no' ad$issi*le 'o prove '1e c1arac'er of a person in order 'o s1ow ac'ion in confor$i'% '1erewi'1. I' $a%- 1owever- *e ad$issi*le for o'1er purposes- suc1 as proof of $o'ive- oppor'uni'%- in'en'- prepara'ion- plan- @nowled e- iden'i'%- or a*sence of $is'a@e or acciden'provided '1a' upon re7ues' *% '1e accused- '1e prosecu'ion in a cri$inal case s1all provide reasona*le no'ice in advance of 'rial- or durin 'rial if '1e cour' e8cuses pre'rial no'ice on ood cause s1own- of '1e eneral na'ure of an% suc1 evidence i' in'ends 'o in'roduce a' 'rial.

*. 40(: 2e%0ods of Proving '0arac%er (T page 214) 3et&ods of Provin! C&aracter (a) Reputation or opinion. In all cases in w1ic1 evidence of c1arac'er or a 'rai' of c1arac'er of a person is ad$issi*le- proof $a% *e $ade *% 'es'i$on% as 'o repu'a'ion or *% 'es'i$on% in '1e for$ of an opinion. >n cross-e8a$ina'ionin7uir% is allowa*le in'o relevan' specific ins'ances of conduc'. ( ) Specific instances of conduct. In cases in w1ic1 c1arac'er or a 'rai' of c1arac'er of a person is an essen'ial ele$en' of a c1ar e- clai$or defense- proof $a% also *e $ade of specific ins'ances of '1a' personBs conduc'. E. 40+: 3a)i% and $ou%ine Prac%ice (T page 224) "a it- Routine Practice Evidence of '1e 1a*i' of a person or of '1e rou'ine prac'ice of an or aniDa'ion- w1e'1er corro*ora'ed or no' and re ardless of '1e presence of e%ewi'nesses- is relevan' 'o prove '1a' '1e conduc' of '1e person or or aniDa'ion on a par'icular occasion was in confor$i'% wi'1 '1e 1a*i' or rou'ine prac'ice. 4. 40/: 5u)se6uen% $e!edia 2easures (T page 2&1) Su se4uent Remedial 3easures ;1en- af'er an in/ur% or 1ar$ alle edl% caused *% an even'- $easures are 'a@en '1a'- if 'a@en previousl%would 1ave $ade '1e in/ur% or 1ar$ less li@el% 'o occur- evidence of '1e su*se7uen' $easures is no' ad$issi*le 'o prove ne li ence- culpa*le conduc'- a defec' in a produc'- a defec' in a produc'Bs desi n- or a need for a warnin or ins'ruc'ion. T1is rule does no' re7uire '1e e8clusion of evidence of su*se7uen' $easures w1en offered for ano'1er purpose- suc1 as provin owners1ip- con'rol- or feasi*ili'% of precau'ionar% $easures- if con'rover'ed- or i$peac1$en'. 7. 401: 5e%% e!en%s (T page 241) Compromise and 1ffers to Compromise (a! Pro1i*i'ed uses. Evidence of '1e followin is no' ad$issi*le on *e1alf of an% par'%- w1en offered 'o prove lia*ili'% for- invalidi'% of- or a$oun' of a clai$ '1a' was dispu'ed as 'o validi'% or a$oun'- or 'o i$peac1 '1rou 1 a prior inconsis'en' s'a'e$en' or con'radic'ion: (1! furnis1in or offerin or pro$isin 'o furnis1 or accep'in or offerin or pro$isin 'o accep' a valua*le considera'ion in co$pro$isin or a''e$p'in 'o co$pro$ise '1e clai$C and (2! conduc' or s'a'e$en's $ade in co$pro$ise ne o'ia'ions re ardin '1e clai$- e8cep' w1en offered in a cri$inal case and '1e ne o'ia'ions rela'ed 'o a clai$ *% a pu*lic office or a enc% in '1e e8ercise of re ula'or%- inves'i a'ive- or enforce$en' au'1ori'%. (*! Per$i''ed uses. T1is rule does no' re7uire e8clusion if '1e evidence is offered for purposes no' pro1i*i'ed *% su*division (a!. E8a$ples of per$issi*le purposes include provin a wi'nessBs *ias or pre/udiceC ne a'in a con'en'ion of undue dela%C and provin an effor' 'o o*s'ruc' a cri$inal inves'i a'ion or prosecu'ion. 3. 40-: Pa"!en% of 2edica E8penses (T page 24-) Payment of 3edical and Similar ,.penses Evidence of furnis1in or offerin or pro$isin 'o pa% $edical- 1ospi'al- or si$ilar e8penses occasioned *% an in/ur% is no' ad$issi*le 'o prove lia*ili'% for '1e in/ur%.

#. 410: P ea Bargains (T page 2(0) Inadmissi ility of Pleas/ Plea *iscussions/ and Related Statements E8cep' as o'1erwise provided in '1is rule- evidence of '1e followin is no'- in an% civil or cri$inal proceedin - ad$issi*le a ains' '1e defendan' w1o $ade '1e plea or was a par'icipan' in '1e plea discussions: (1! a plea of uil'% w1ic1 was la'er wi'1drawnC (2! a plea of nolo con'endereC (3! an% s'a'e$en' $ade in '1e course of an% proceedin s under &ule 11 of '1e 5ederal &ules of (ri$inal Procedure or co$para*le s'a'e procedure re ardin ei'1er of '1e fore oin pleasC or (#! an% s'a'e$en' $ade in '1e course of plea discussions wi'1 an a''orne% for '1e prosecu'in au'1ori'% w1ic1 do no' resul' in a plea of uil'% or w1ic1 resul' in a plea of uil'% la'er wi'1drawn. 4owever- suc1 a s'a'e$en' is ad$issi*le (i! in an% proceedin w1erein ano'1er s'a'e$en' $ade in '1e course of '1e sa$e plea or plea discussions 1as *een in'roduced and '1e s'a'e$en' ou 1' in fairness *e considered con'e$poraneousl% wi'1 i'- or (ii! in a cri$inal proceedin for per/ur% or false s'a'e$en' if '1e s'a'e$en' was $ade *% '1e defendan' under oa'1- on '1e record and in '1e presence of counsel. 9. 411: Lia)i i%" #nsurance (T page 2(-) 'ia ility Insurance Evidence '1a' a person was or was no' insured a ains' lia*ili'% is no' ad$issi*le upon '1e issue w1e'1er '1e person ac'ed ne li en'l% or o'1erwise wron full%. T1is rule does no' re7uire '1e e8clusion of evidence of insurance a ains' lia*ili'% w1en offered for ano'1er purpose- suc1 as proof of a enc%owners1ip- or con'rol- or *ias or pre/udice of a wi'ness.

:. 412: 5e8ua Be0avior of 'o!p aining ;i%ness (T page 2+&, 2/1) Se. 1ffense Cases- Relevance of (lle!ed 5ictim6s Past Se.ual 7e&avior or (lle!ed Se.ual Predisposition (a) ,vidence !enerally inadmissi le. T1e followin evidence is no' ad$issi*le in an% civil or cri$inal proceedin involvin alle ed se8ual $isconduc' e8cep' as provided in su*divisions (*! and (c!: (1! Evidence offered 'o prove '1a' an% alle ed vic'i$ en a ed in o'1er se8ual *e1avior. (2! Evidence offered 'o prove an% alle ed vic'i$Bs se8ual predisposi'ion. ( ) ,.ceptions. (1! In a cri$inal case- '1e followin evidence is ad$issi*le- if o'1erwise ad$issi*le under '1ese rules: (A! evidence of specific ins'ances of se8ual *e1avior *% '1e alle ed vic'i$ offered 'o prove '1a' a person o'1er '1an '1e accused was '1e source of se$en- in/ur%- or o'1er p1%sical evidenceC ("! evidence of specific ins'ances of se8ual *e1avior *% '1e alle ed vic'i$ wi'1 respec' 'o '1e person accused of '1e se8ual $isconduc' offered *% '1e accused 'o prove consen' or *% '1e prosecu'ionC and ((! evidence '1e e8clusion of w1ic1 would viola'e '1e cons'i'u'ional ri 1's of '1e defendan'. (2! In a civil case- evidence offered 'o prove '1e se8ual *e1avior or se8ual predisposi'ion of an% alle ed vic'i$ is ad$issi*le if i' is o'1erwise ad$issi*le under '1ese rules and i's pro*a'ive value su*s'an'iall% ou'wei 1s '1e dan er of 1ar$ 'o an% vic'i$ and of unfair pre/udice 'o an% par'%. Evidence of an alle ed vic'i$Bs repu'a'ion is ad$issi*le onl% if i' 1as *een placed in con'rovers% *% '1e alle ed vic'i$. (c) Procedure to determine admissi ility. (1! A par'% in'endin 'o offer evidence under su*division (*! $us' -(A! file a wri''en $o'ion a' leas' 1# da%s *efore 'rial specificall% descri*in '1e evidence and s'a'in '1e purpose for w1ic1 i' is offered unless '1e cour'- for ood cause re7uires a differen' 'i$e for filin or per$i's filin durin 'rialC and ("! serve '1e $o'ion on all par'ies and no'if% '1e alle ed vic'i$ or- w1en appropria'e- '1e alle ed vic'i$Bs uardian or represen'a'ive. (2! "efore ad$i''in evidence under '1is rule '1e cour' $us' conduc' a 1earin in ca$era and afford '1e vic'i$ and par'ies a ri 1' 'o a''end and *e 1eard. T1e $o'ion- rela'ed papers- and '1e record of '1e 1earin $us' *e sealed and re$ain under seal unless '1e cour' orders o'1erwise.

41&-41(: 5i!i ar 'ri!es )" *efendan% in 5e8ua Assau % and 2o es%a%ion 'ases (T page 2/1) Rule )18. ,vidence of Similar Crimes in Se.ual (ssault Cases (a! In a cri$inal case in w1ic1 '1e defendan' is accused of an offense of se8ual assaul'- evidence of '1e defendan'Bs co$$ission of ano'1er offense or offenses of se8ual assaul' is ad$issi*le- and $a% *e considered for i's *earin on an% $a''er 'o w1ic1 i' is relevan'. (*! In a case in w1ic1 '1e Govern$en' in'ends 'o offer evidence under '1is rule- '1e a''orne% for '1e Govern$en' s1all disclose '1e evidence 'o '1e defendan'- includin s'a'e$en's of wi'nesses or a su$$ar% of '1e su*s'ance of an% 'es'i$on% '1a' is e8pec'ed 'o *e offered- a' leas' fif'een da%s *efore '1e sc1eduled da'e of 'rial or a' suc1 la'er 'i$e as '1e cour' $a% allow for ood cause. (c! T1is rule s1all no' *e cons'rued 'o li$i' '1e ad$ission or considera'ion of evidence under an% o'1er rule. (d! 5or purposes of '1is rule and &ule #1)- Aoffense of se8ual assaul'A $eans a cri$e under 5ederal law or '1e law of a 6'a'e (as defined in sec'ion )13 of 'i'le 12- ?ni'ed 6'a'es (ode! '1a' involved-(1! an% conduc' proscri*ed *% c1ap'er 10.A of 'i'le 12- ?ni'ed 6'a'es (odeC (2! con'ac'- wi'1ou' consen'- *e'ween an% par' of '1e defendan'Bs *od% or an o*/ec' and '1e eni'als or anus of ano'1er personC (3! con'ac'- wi'1ou' consen'- *e'ween '1e eni'als or anus of '1e defendan' and an% par' of ano'1er personBs *od%C (#! derivin se8ual pleasure or ra'ifica'ion fro$ '1e inflic'ion of dea'1- *odil% in/ur%- or p1%sical pain on ano'1er personC or ()! an a''e$p' or conspirac% 'o en a e in conduc' descri*ed in para rap1s (1!-(#!. Rule )1). ,vidence of Similar Crimes in C&ild 3olestation Cases (a! In a cri$inal case in w1ic1 '1e defendan' is accused of an offense of c1ild $oles'a'ion- evidence of '1e defendan'Bs co$$ission of ano'1er offense or offenses of c1ild $oles'a'ion is ad$issi*le- and $a% *e considered for i's *earin on an% $a''er 'o w1ic1 i' is relevan'. (*! In a case in w1ic1 '1e Govern$en' in'ends 'o offer evidence under '1is rule- '1e a''orne% for '1e Govern$en' s1all disclose '1e evidence 'o '1e defendan'- includin s'a'e$en's of wi'nesses or a su$$ar% of '1e su*s'ance of an% 'es'i$on% '1a' is e8pec'ed 'o *e offered- a' leas' fif'een da%s *efore '1e sc1eduled da'e of 'rial or a' suc1 la'er 'i$e as '1e cour' $a% allow for ood cause. (c! T1is rule s1all no' *e cons'rued 'o li$i' '1e ad$ission or considera'ion of evidence under an% o'1er rule. (d! 5or purposes of '1is rule and &ule #1)- Ac1ildA $eans a person *elow '1e a e of four'een- and Aoffense of c1ild $oles'a'ionA $eans a cri$e under 5ederal law or '1e law of a 6'a'e (as defined in sec'ion )13 of 'i'le 12- ?ni'ed 6'a'es (ode! '1a' involved-(1! an% conduc' proscri*ed *% c1ap'er 10.A of 'i'le 12- ?ni'ed 6'a'es (ode- '1a' was co$$i''ed in rela'ion 'o a c1ildC (2! an% conduc' proscri*ed *% c1ap'er 110 of 'i'le 12- ?ni'ed 6'a'es (odeC (3! con'ac' *e'ween an% par' of '1e defendan'Bs *od% or an o*/ec' and '1e eni'als or anus of a c1ildC (#! con'ac' *e'ween '1e eni'als or anus of '1e defendan' and an% par' of '1e *od% of a c1ildC ()! derivin se8ual pleasure or ra'ifica'ion fro$ '1e inflic'ion of dea'1- *odil% in/ur%- or p1%sical pain on a c1ildC or (,! an a''e$p' or conspirac% 'o en a e in conduc' descri*ed in para rap1s (1!-()!.

L.

Rule )19. ,vidence of Similar (cts in Civil Cases Concernin! Se.ual (ssault or C&ild 3olestation (a! In a civil case in w1ic1 a clai$ for da$a es or o'1er relief is predica'ed on a par'%Bs alle ed co$$ission of conduc' cons'i'u'in an offense of se8ual assaul' or c1ild $oles'a'ion- evidence of '1a' par'%Bs co$$ission of ano'1er offense or offenses of se8ual assaul' or c1ild $oles'a'ion is ad$issi*le and $a% *e considered as provided in &ule #13 and &ule #1# of '1ese rules. (*! A par'% w1o in'ends 'o offer evidence under '1is &ule s1all disclose '1e evidence 'o '1e par'% a ains' w1o$ i' will *e offered- includin s'a'e$en's of wi'nesses or a su$$ar% of '1e su*s'ance of an% 'es'i$on% '1a' is e8pec'ed 'o *e offered- a' leas' fif'een da%s *efore '1e sc1eduled da'e of 'rial or a' suc1 la'er 'i$e as '1e cour' $a% allow for ood cause. (c! T1is rule s1all no' *e cons'rued 'o li$i' '1e ad$ission or considera'ion of evidence under an% o'1er rule. III.Privile!es A. (01: Privi eges (T page &0() General Rule E8cep' as o'1erwise re7uired *% '1e (ons'i'u'ion of '1e ?ni'ed 6'a'es or provided *% Ac' of (on ress or in rules prescri*ed *% '1e 6upre$e (our' pursuan' 'o s'a'u'or% au'1ori'%- '1e privile e of a wi'nessperson- overn$en'- 6'a'e- or poli'ical su*division '1ereof s1all *e overned *% '1e principles of '1e co$$on law as '1e% $a% *e in'erpre'ed *% '1e cour's of '1e ?ni'ed 6'a'es in '1e li 1' of reason and e8perience. 4owever- in civil ac'ions and proceedin s- wi'1 respec' 'o an ele$en' of a clai$ or defense as 'o w1ic1 6'a'e law supplies '1e rule of decision- '1e privile e of a wi'ness- person- overn$en'- 6'a'eor poli'ical su*division '1ereof s1all *e de'er$ined in accordance wi'1 6'a'e law.

B. (02: Privi ege ;aiver (T page &14) (ttorney:Client Privile!e and %or; Product- 'imitations on %aiver T1e followin provisions appl%- in '1e circu$s'ances se' ou'- 'o disclosure of a co$$unica'ion or infor$a'ion covered *% '1e a''orne%-clien' privile e or wor@-produc' pro'ec'ion. (a) *isclosure 3ade in a <ederal Proceedin! or to a <ederal 1ffice or (!ency- Scope of a %aiver ;1en '1e disclosure is $ade in a 5ederal proceedin or 'o a 5ederal office or a enc% and waives '1e a''orne%-clien' privile e or wor@-produc' pro'ec'ion- '1e waiver e8'ends 'o an undisclosed co$$unica'ion or infor$a'ion in a 5ederal or 6'a'e proceedin onl% if: 1. '1e waiver is in'en'ionalC 2. '1e disclosed and undisclosed co$$unica'ions or infor$a'ion concern '1e sa$e su*/ec' $a''erC and 3. '1e% ou 1' in fairness 'o *e considered 'o e'1er. ( ) Inadvertent disclosure. ;1en $ade in a 5ederal proceedin or 'o a 5ederal office or a enc%- '1e disclosure does no' opera'e as a waiver in a 5ederal or 6'a'e proceedin if: 1. '1e disclosure is inadver'en'C 2. '1e 1older of '1e privile e or pro'ec'ion 'oo@ reasona*le s'eps 'o preven' disclosureC and 3. '1e 1older pro$p'l% 'oo@ reasona*le s'eps 'o rec'if% '1e error- includin (if applica*le! followin 5ederal &ule of (ivil Procedure 2,(*!()!("!. (c) *isclosure 3ade in a State Proceedin! ;1en '1e disclosure is $ade in a 6'a'e proceedin and is no' '1e su*/ec' of a 6'a'e-cour' order concernin waiver- '1e disclosure does no' opera'e as a waiver in a 5ederal proceedin if '1e disclosure: 1. would no' *e a waiver under '1is rule if i' 1ad *een $ade in a 5ederal proceedin C or 2. is no' a waiver under '1e law of '1e 6'a'e w1ere '1e disclosure occurred. (d) Controllin! effect of court orders. A 5ederal cour' $a% order '1a' '1e privile e or pro'ec'ion is no' waived *% disclosure connec'ed wi'1 '1e li'i a'ion pendin *efore '1e cour'--in w1ic1 even' '1e disclosure is also no' a waiver in an% o'1er 5ederal or 6'a'e proceedin . (e) Controllin! ,ffect of a Party (!reement An a ree$en' on '1e effec' of disclosure in a 5ederal proceedin is *indin onl% on '1e par'ies 'o '1e a ree$en'- unless i' is incorpora'ed in'o a cour' order. (f) Controllin! ,ffect of $&is Rule Eo'wi'1s'andin &ules 101 and 1101- '1is rule applies 'o 6'a'e proceedin s and 'o 5ederal cour'anne8ed and 5ederal cour'-$anda'ed ar*i'ra'ion proceedin s- in '1e circu$s'ances se' ou' in '1e rule. And no'wi'1s'andin &ule )01- '1is rule applies even if 6'a'e law provides '1e rule of decision. (!) *efinitions In '1is rule: 1. Aa''orne%-clien' privile eA $eans '1e pro'ec'ion '1a' applica*le law provides for confiden'ial a''orne%-clien' co$$unica'ionsC and 2. Awor@-produc' pro'ec'ionA $eans '1e pro'ec'ion '1a' applica*le law provides for 'an i*le $a'erial (or i's in'an i*le e7uivalen'! prepared in an'icipa'ion of li'i a'ion or for 'rial.A

10

'. (0& (Proposed<$e.ec%ed): A%%orne"-' ien% Privi ege (0andou%) 'a2yer:Client Privile!e (a! *efinitions. As used in '1is rule: (1! A Aclien'A is a person- pu*lic officer- or corpora'ion- associa'ion- or o'1er or aniDa'ion or en'i'%ei'1er pu*lic or priva'e- w1o is rendered professional le al services *% a law%er- or w1o consul's a law%er wi'1 a view 'o o*'ainin professional le al services fro$ 1i$. (2! A Alaw%erA is a person au'1oriDed- or reasona*l% *elieved *% '1e clien' 'o *e au'1oriDed- 'o prac'ice law in an% s'a'e or na'ion. (3! A Arepresen'a'ive of '1e law%erA is one e$plo%ed 'o assis' '1e law%er in '1e rendi'ion of professional le al services. (#! A co$$unica'ion is Aconfiden'ialA if no' in'ended 'o *e disclosed 'o '1ird persons o'1er '1an '1ose 'o w1o$ disclosure is in fur'1erance of '1e rendi'ion of professional le al services 'o '1e clien' or '1ose reasona*l% necessar% for '1e 'rans$ission of '1e co$$unica'ion. (*! General rule of privile!e. A clien' 1as a privile e 'o refuse 'o disclose and 'o preven' an% o'1er person fro$ disclosin confiden'ial co$$unica'ions $ade for '1e purpose of facili'a'in '1e rendi'ion of professional le al services 'o '1e clien'- (1! *e'ween 1i$self or 1is represen'a'ive and 1is law%er or 1is law%erBs represen'a'ive- or (2! *e'ween 1is law%er and '1e law%erBs represen'a'ive- or (3! *% 1i$ or 1is law%er 'o a law%er represen'in ano'1er in a $a''er of co$$on in'eres'- or (#! *e'ween represen'a'ives of '1e clien' or *e'ween '1e clien' and a represen'a'ive of '1e clien'- or ()! *e'ween law%ers represen'in '1e clien'. (c! %&o may claim t&e privile!e. T1e privile e $a% *e clai$ed *% '1e clien'- 1is uardian or conserva'or- '1e personal represen'a'ive of a deceased clien'- or '1e successor- 'rus'ee- or si$ilar represen'a'ive of a corpora'ion- associa'ion- or o'1er or aniDa'ion- w1e'1er or no' in e8is'ence. T1e person w1o was '1e law%er a' '1e 'i$e of '1e co$$unica'ion $a% clai$ '1e privile e *u' onl% on *e1alf of '1e clien'. 4is au'1ori'% 'o do so is presu$ed in '1e a*sence of evidence 'o '1e con'rar%. (d! ,.ceptions. T1ere is no privile e under '1is rule: (1) Furtherance of crime or fraud. If '1e services of '1e law%er were sou 1' or o*'ained 'o ena*le or aid an%one 'o co$$i' or plan 'o co$$i' w1a' '1e clien' @new or reasona*l% s1ould 1ave @nown 'o *e a cri$e or fraudC or (2) Claimants through same deceased client. As 'o a co$$unica'ion relevan' 'o an issue *e'ween par'ies w1o clai$ '1rou 1 '1e sa$e deceased clien'- re ardless of w1e'1er '1e clai$s are *% 'es'a'e or in'es'a'e succession or *% in'er vivos 'ransac'ionC or (3) Breach of duty by lawyer or client. As 'o a co$$unica'ion relevan' 'o an issue of *reac1 of du'% *% '1e law%er 'o 1is clien' or *% '1e clien' 'o 1is law%erC or (4) Document attested by lawyer. As 'o a co$$unica'ion relevan' 'o an issue concernin an a''es'ed docu$en' 'o w1ic1 '1e law%er is an a''es'in wi'nessC or ( ) !oint clients. As 'o a co$$unica'ion relevan' 'o a $a''er of co$$on in'eres' *e'ween 'wo or $ore clien's if '1e co$$unica'ion was $ade *% an% of '1e$ 'o a law%er re'ained or consul'ed in co$$onw1en offered in an ac'ion *e'ween an% of '1e clien's.

11

*. (04 (Proposed<$e.ec%ed): Ps"c0o%0erapis%-Pa%ien% Privi ege (0andou%) Psyc&ot&erapist:Patient Privile!e (a! *efinitions. (1! A Apa'ien'A is a person w1o consul's or is e8a$ined or in'erviewed *% a ps%c1o'1erapis'. (2! A Aps%c1o'1erapis'A is (A! a person au'1oriDed 'o prac'ice $edicine in an% s'a'e or na'ion- or reasona*l% *elieved *% '1e pa'ien' so 'o *e- w1ile en a ed in '1e dia nosis or 'rea'$en' of a $en'al or e$o'ional condi'ion- includin dru addic'ion- or ("! a person licensed or cer'ified as a ps%c1olo is' under '1e laws of an% s'a'e or na'ion- w1ile si$ilarl% en a ed. (3! A co$$unica'ion is Aconfiden'ialA if no' in'ended 'o *e disclosed 'o '1ird persons o'1er '1an '1ose presen' 'o fur'1er '1e in'eres' of '1e pa'ien' in '1e consul'a'ion- e8a$ina'ion- or in'erview- or persons reasona*l% necessar% for '1e 'rans$ission of '1e co$$unica'ion- or persons w1o are par'icipa'in in '1e dia nosis and 'rea'$en' under '1e direc'ion of '1e ps%c1o'1erapis'- includin $e$*ers of '1e pa'ien'Bs fa$il%. (*! General rule of privile!e. A pa'ien' 1as a privile e 'o refuse 'o disclose and 'o preven' an% o'1er person fro$ disclosin confiden'ial co$$unica'ions- $ade for '1e purposes of dia nosis or 'rea'$en' of 1is $en'al or e$o'ional condi'ion- includin dru addic'ion- a$on 1i$self- 1is ps%c1o'1erapis'- or persons w1o are par'icipa'in in '1e dia nosis or 'rea'$en' under '1e direc'ion of '1e ps%c1o'1erapis'includin $e$*ers of '1e pa'ien'Bs fa$il%. (c! %&o may claim t&e privile!e. T1e privile e $a% *e clai$ed *% '1e pa'ien'- *% 1is uardian or conserva'or- or *% '1e personal represen'a'ive of a deceased pa'ien'. T1e person w1o was '1e ps%c1o'1erapis' $a% clai$ '1e privile e *u' onl% on *e1alf of '1e pa'ien'. 4is au'1ori'% so 'o do is presu$ed in '1e a*sence of evidence 'o '1e con'rar%. (d! ,.ceptions. (1) "roceedings for hos#itali$ation. T1ere is no privile e under '1is rule for co$$unica'ions relevan' 'o an issue in proceedin s 'o 1ospi'aliDe '1e pa'ien' for $en'al illness- if '1e ps%c1o'1erapis' in '1e course of dia nosis or 'rea'$en' 1as de'er$ined '1a' '1e pa'ien' is in need of 1ospi'aliDa'ion. (2) %&amination by order of 'udge. If '1e /ud e orders an e8a$ina'ion of '1e $en'al or e$o'ional condi'ion of '1e pa'ien'- co$$unica'ions $ade in '1e course '1ereof are no' privile ed under '1is rule wi'1 respec' 'o '1e par'icular purpose for w1ic1 '1e e8a$ina'ion is ordered unless '1e /ud e orders o'1erwise. (3) Condition an element of claim or defense. T1ere is no privile e under '1is rule as 'o co$$unica'ions relevan' 'o an issue of '1e $en'al or e$o'ional condi'ion of '1e pa'ien' in an% proceedin in w1ic1 1e relies upon '1e condi'ion as an ele$en' of 1is clai$ or defense- or- af'er '1e pa'ien'Bs dea'1- in an% proceedin in w1ic1 an% par'% relies upon '1e condi'ion as an ele$en' of 1is clai$ or defense. I5. %itnesses A. +02: Persona :now edge (T page 4&() 'ac; of Personal =no2led!e A wi'ness $a% no' 'es'if% 'o a $a''er unless evidence is in'roduced sufficien' 'o suppor' a findin '1a' '1e wi'ness 1as personal @nowled e of '1e $a''er. Evidence 'o prove personal @nowled e $a%- *u' need no'- consis' of '1e wi'nessB own 'es'i$on%. T1is rule is su*/ec' 'o '1e provisions of rule 003- rela'in 'o opinion 'es'i$on% *% e8per' wi'nesses.

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B. +0+: 9uror 'o!pe%enc": #!peac0!en% of =erdic%s (T page 44+) Competency of >uror as %itness (a) (t t&e trial. A $e$*er of '1e /ur% $a% no' 'es'if% as a wi'ness *efore '1a' /ur% in '1e 'rial of '1e case in w1ic1 '1e /uror is si''in . If '1e /uror is called so 'o 'es'if%- '1e opposin par'% s1all *e afforded an oppor'uni'% 'o o*/ec' ou' of '1e presence of '1e /ur%. ( ) In4uiry into validity of verdict or indictment. ?pon an in7uir% in'o '1e validi'% of a verdic' or indic'$en'- a /uror $a% no' 'es'if% as 'o an% $a''er or s'a'e$en' occurrin durin '1e course of '1e /ur%Bs deli*era'ions or 'o '1e effec' of an%'1in upon '1a' or an% o'1er /urorBs $ind or e$o'ions as influencin '1e /uror 'o assen' 'o or dissen' fro$ '1e verdic' or indic'$en' or concernin '1e /urorBs $en'al processes in connec'ion '1erewi'1. "u' a /uror $a% 'es'if% a*ou' (1! w1e'1er e8'raneous pre/udicial infor$a'ion was i$properl% *rou 1' 'o '1e /ur%Bs a''en'ion- (2! w1e'1er an% ou'side influence was i$properl% *rou 1' 'o *ear upon an% /uror- or (3! w1e'1er '1ere was a $is'a@e in en'erin '1e verdic' on'o '1e verdic' for$. A /urorBs affidavi' or evidence of an% s'a'e$en' *% '1e /uror $a% no' *e received on a $a''er a*ou' w1ic1 '1e /uror would *e precluded fro$ 'es'if%in . '. +0/-+0-: #!peac0!en% of ;i%nesses (T page 4++, 41+, (00, (2&) Rule ?0@. %&o 3ay Impeac& T1e credi*ili'% of a wi'ness $a% *e a''ac@ed *% an% par'%- includin '1e par'% callin '1e wi'ness. Rule ?0A. ,vidence of C&aracter and Conduct of %itness (a) 1pinion and reputation evidence of c&aracter. T1e credi*ili'% of a wi'ness $a% *e a''ac@ed or suppor'ed *% evidence in '1e for$ of opinion or repu'a'ion- *u' su*/ec' 'o '1ese li$i'a'ions: (1! '1e evidence $a% refer onl% 'o c1arac'er for 'ru'1fulness or un'ru'1fulness- and (2! evidence of 'ru'1ful c1arac'er is ad$issi*le onl% af'er '1e c1arac'er of '1e wi'ness for 'ru'1fulness 1as *een a''ac@ed *% opinion or repu'a'ion evidence or o'1erwise. ( ) Specific instances of conduct. 6pecific ins'ances of '1e conduc' of a wi'ness- for '1e purpose of a''ac@in or suppor'in '1e wi'nessB c1arac'er for 'ru'1fulness- o'1er '1an convic'ion of cri$e as provided in rule ,0.- $a% no' *e proved *% e8'rinsic evidence. T1e% $a%- 1owever- in '1e discre'ion of '1e cour'- if pro*a'ive of 'ru'1fulness or un'ru'1fulness- *e in7uired in'o on cross-e8a$ina'ion of '1e wi'ness (1! concernin '1e wi'nessB c1arac'er for 'ru'1fulness or un'ru'1fulness- or (2! concernin '1e c1arac'er for 'ru'1fulness or un'ru'1fulness of ano'1er wi'ness as 'o w1ic1 c1arac'er '1e wi'ness *ein cross-e8a$ined 1as 'es'ified. T1e ivin of 'es'i$on%- w1e'1er *% an accused or *% an% o'1er wi'ness- does no' opera'e as a waiver of '1e accusedBs or '1e wi'nessB privile e a ains' self-incri$ina'ion w1en e8a$ined wi'1 respec' 'o $a''ers '1a' rela'e onl% 'o c1arac'er for 'ru'1fulness.

13

Rule ?0B. Impeac&ment y ,vidence of Conviction of Crime (a) General rule. 5or '1e purpose of a''ac@in '1e c1arac'er for 'ru'1fulness of a wi'ness(1! evidence '1a' a wi'ness o'1er '1an an accused 1as *een convic'ed of a cri$e s1all *e ad$i''edsu*/ec' 'o &ule #03- if '1e cri$e was punis1a*le *% dea'1 or i$prison$en' in e8cess of one %ear under '1e law under w1ic1 '1e wi'ness was convic'ed- and evidence '1a' an accused 1as *een convic'ed of suc1 a cri$e s1all *e ad$i''ed if '1e cour' de'er$ines '1a' '1e pro*a'ive value of ad$i''in '1is evidence ou'wei 1s i's pre/udicial effec' 'o '1e accusedC and (2! evidence '1a' an% wi'ness 1as *een convic'ed of a cri$e s1all *e ad$i''ed re ardless of '1e punis1$en'- if i' readil% can *e de'er$ined '1a' es'a*lis1in '1e ele$en's of '1e cri$e re7uired proof or ad$ission of an ac' of dis1ones'% or false s'a'e$en' *% '1e wi'ness. ( ) $ime limit. Evidence of a convic'ion under '1is rule is no' ad$issi*le if a period of $ore '1an 'en %ears 1as elapsed since '1e da'e of '1e convic'ion or of '1e release of '1e wi'ness fro$ '1e confine$en' i$posed for '1a' convic'ion- w1ic1ever is '1e la'er da'e- unless '1e cour' de'er$ines- in '1e in'eres's of /us'ice- '1a' '1e pro*a'ive value of '1e convic'ion suppor'ed *% specific fac's and circu$s'ances su*s'an'iall% ou'wei 1s i's pre/udicial effec'. 4owever- evidence of a convic'ion $ore '1an 10 %ears old as calcula'ed 1erein- is no' ad$issi*le unless '1e proponen' ives 'o '1e adverse par'% sufficien' advance wri''en no'ice of in'en' 'o use suc1 evidence 'o provide '1e adverse par'% wi'1 a fair oppor'uni'% 'o con'es' '1e use of suc1 evidence. (c) ,ffect of pardon/ annulment/ or certificate of re&a ilitation. Evidence of a convic'ion is no' ad$issi*le under '1is rule if (1! '1e convic'ion 1as *een '1e su*/ec' of a pardon- annul$en'- cer'ifica'e of re1a*ili'a'ion- or o'1er e7uivalen' procedure *ased on a findin of '1e re1a*ili'a'ion of '1e person convic'ed- and '1a' person 1as no' *een convic'ed of a su*se7uen' cri$e '1a' was punis1a*le *% dea'1 or i$prison$en' in e8cess of one %ear- or (2! '1e convic'ion 1as *een '1e su*/ec' of a pardon- annul$en'- or o'1er e7uivalen' procedure *ased on a findin of innocence. (d) >uvenile ad#udications. Evidence of /uvenile ad/udica'ions is enerall% no' ad$issi*le under '1is rule. T1e cour' $a%- 1oweverin a cri$inal case allow evidence of a /uvenile ad/udica'ion of a wi'ness o'1er '1an '1e accused if convic'ion of '1e offense would *e ad$issi*le 'o a''ac@ '1e credi*ili'% of an adul' and '1e cour' is sa'isfied '1a' ad$ission in evidence is necessar% for a fair de'er$ina'ion of '1e issue of uil' or innocence. (e) Pendency of appeal. T1e pendenc% of an appeal '1erefro$ does no' render evidence of a convic'ion inad$issi*le. Evidence of '1e pendenc% of an appeal is ad$issi*le. *. +10: $e igion (no% assigned) Reli!ious 7eliefs or 1pinions Evidence of '1e *eliefs or opinions of a wi'ness on $a''ers of reli ion is no' ad$issi*le for '1e purpose of s1owin '1a' *% reason of '1eir na'ure '1e wi'nessB credi*ili'% is i$paired or en1anced.

1#

E. +11: Presen%ing Tes%i!on" (T page (/+) 3ode and 1rder of Interro!ation and Presentation (a) Control y court. T1e cour' s1all e8ercise reasona*le con'rol over '1e $ode and order of in'erro a'in wi'nesses and presen'in evidence so as 'o (1! $a@e '1e in'erro a'ion and presen'a'ion effec'ive for '1e ascer'ain$en' of '1e 'ru'1- (2! avoid needless consu$p'ion of 'i$e- and (3! pro'ec' wi'nesses fro$ 1arass$en' or undue e$*arrass$en'. ( ) Scope of cross:e.amination. (ross-e8a$ina'ion s1ould *e li$i'ed 'o '1e su*/ec' $a''er of '1e direc' e8a$ina'ion and $a''ers affec'in '1e credi*ili'% of '1e wi'ness. T1e cour' $a%- in '1e e8ercise of discre'ion- per$i' in7uir% in'o addi'ional $a''ers as if on direc' e8a$ina'ion. (c) 'eadin! 4uestions. Leadin 7ues'ions s1ould no' *e used on '1e direc' e8a$ina'ion of a wi'ness e8cep' as $a% *e necessar% 'o develop '1e wi'nessB 'es'i$on%. >rdinaril% leadin 7ues'ions s1ould *e per$i''ed on crosse8a$ina'ion. ;1en a par'% calls a 1os'ile wi'ness- an adverse par'%- or a wi'ness iden'ified wi'1 an adverse par'%- in'erro a'ion $a% *e *% leadin 7ues'ions. 4. +12: *ocu!en%s $efres0ing 2e!or" (T page +02) %ritin! Csed to Refres& 3emory E8cep' as o'1erwise provided in cri$inal proceedin s *% sec'ion 3)00 of 'i'le 12- ?ni'ed 6'a'es (ode- if a wi'ness uses a wri'in 'o refres1 $e$or% for '1e purpose of 'es'if%in - ei'1er-(1! w1ile 'es'if%in - or (2! *efore 'es'if%in - if '1e cour' in i's discre'ion de'er$ines i' is necessar% in '1e in'eres's of /us'icean adverse par'% is en'i'led 'o 1ave '1e wri'in produced a' '1e 1earin - 'o inspec' i'- 'o cross-e8a$ine '1e wi'ness '1ereon- and 'o in'roduce in evidence '1ose por'ions w1ic1 rela'e 'o '1e 'es'i$on% of '1e wi'ness. If i' is clai$ed '1a' '1e wri'in con'ains $a''ers no' rela'ed 'o '1e su*/ec' $a''er of '1e 'es'i$on% '1e cour' s1all e8a$ine '1e wri'in in ca$era- e8cise an% por'ions no' so rela'ed- and order deliver% of '1e re$ainder 'o '1e par'% en'i'led '1ere'o. An% por'ion wi'11eld over o*/ec'ions s1all *e preserved and $ade availa*le 'o '1e appella'e cour' in '1e even' of an appeal. If a wri'in is no' produced or delivered pursuan' 'o order under '1is rule- '1e cour' s1all $a@e an% order /us'ice re7uires- e8cep' '1a' in cri$inal cases w1en '1e prosecu'ion elec's no' 'o co$pl%- '1e order s1all *e one s'ri@in '1e 'es'i$on% or- if '1e cour' in i's discre'ion de'er$ines '1a' '1e in'eres's of /us'ice so re7uire- declarin a $is'rial. 7. +1&: 50owing Prior #nconsis%en% 5%a%e!en%s (T page (&2) Prior Statements of %itnesses (a) ,.aminin! 2itness concernin! prior statement. In e8a$inin a wi'ness concernin a prior s'a'e$en' $ade *% '1e wi'ness- w1e'1er wri''en or no'- '1e s'a'e$en' need no' *e s1own nor i's con'en's disclosed 'o '1e wi'ness a' '1a' 'i$e- *u' on re7ues' '1e sa$e s1all *e s1own or disclosed 'o opposin counsel. ( ) ,.trinsic evidence of prior inconsistent statement of 2itness. E8'rinsic evidence of a prior inconsis'en' s'a'e$en' *% a wi'ness is no' ad$issi*le unless '1e wi'ness is afforded an oppor'uni'% 'o e8plain or den% '1e sa$e and '1e opposi'e par'% is afforded an oppor'uni'% 'o in'erro a'e '1e wi'ness '1ereon- or '1e in'eres's of /us'ice o'1erwise re7uire. T1is provision does no' appl% 'o ad$issions of a par'%-opponen' as defined in rule 201(d!(2!.

1)

5. 1pinions and ,.pert $estimony A. /01-/0(: >pinions and E8per% Tes%i!on" (T page +21) Rule @01. 1pinion $estimony y 'ay %itnesses If '1e wi'ness is no' 'es'if%in as an e8per'- '1e wi'nessB 'es'i$on% in '1e for$ of opinions or inferences is li$i'ed 'o '1ose opinions or inferences w1ic1 are (a! ra'ionall% *ased on '1e percep'ion of '1e wi'nessand (*! 1elpful 'o a clear unders'andin of '1e wi'nessB 'es'i$on% or '1e de'er$ina'ion of a fac' in issueand (c! no' *ased on scien'ific- 'ec1nical- or o'1er specialiDed @nowled e wi'1in '1e scope of &ule 002. Rule @02. $estimony y ,.perts If scien'ific- 'ec1nical- or o'1er specialiDed @nowled e will assis' '1e 'rier of fac' 'o unders'and '1e evidence or 'o de'er$ine a fac' in issue- a wi'ness 7ualified as an e8per' *% @nowled e- s@ill- e8perience'rainin - or educa'ion- $a% 'es'if% '1ere'o in '1e for$ of an opinion or o'1erwise- if (1! '1e 'es'i$on% is *ased upon sufficien' fac's or da'a- (2! '1e 'es'i$on% is '1e produc' of relia*le principles and $e'1odsand (3! '1e wi'ness 1as applied '1e principles and $e'1ods relia*l% 'o '1e fac's of '1e case. Rule @08. 7ases of 1pinion $estimony y ,.perts T1e fac's or da'a in '1e par'icular case upon w1ic1 an e8per' *ases an opinion or inference $a% *e '1ose perceived *% or $ade @nown 'o '1e e8per' a' or *efore '1e 1earin . If of a '%pe reasona*l% relied upon *% e8per's in '1e par'icular field in for$in opinions or inferences upon '1e su*/ec'- '1e fac's or da'a need no' *e ad$issi*le in evidence in order for '1e opinion or inference 'o *e ad$i''ed. 5ac's or da'a '1a' are o'1erwise inad$issi*le s1all no' *e disclosed 'o '1e /ur% *% '1e proponen' of '1e opinion or inference unless '1e cour' de'er$ines '1a' '1eir pro*a'ive value in assis'in '1e /ur% 'o evalua'e '1e e8per'Bs opinion su*s'an'iall% ou'wei 1s '1eir pre/udicial effec'. Rule @0). 1pinion on Cltimate Issue (a! E8cep' as provided in su*division (*!- 'es'i$on% in '1e for$ of an opinion or inference o'1erwise ad$issi*le is no' o*/ec'iona*le *ecause i' e$*races an ul'i$a'e issue 'o *e decided *% '1e 'rier of fac'. (*! Eo e8per' wi'ness 'es'if%in wi'1 respec' 'o '1e $en'al s'a'e or condi'ion of a defendan' in a cri$inal case $a% s'a'e an opinion or inference as 'o w1e'1er '1e defendan' did or did no' 1ave '1e $en'al s'a'e or condi'ion cons'i'u'in an ele$en' of '1e cri$e c1ar ed or of a defense '1ere'o. 6uc1 ul'i$a'e issues are $a''ers for '1e 'rier of fac' alone. Rule @09. *isclosure of <acts or *ata Cnderlyin! ,.pert 1pinion T1e e8per' $a% 'es'if% in 'er$s of opinion or inference and ive reasons '1erefor wi'1ou' firs' 'es'if%in 'o '1e underl%in fac's or da'a- unless '1e cour' re7uires o'1erwise. T1e e8per' $a% in an% even' *e re7uired 'o disclose '1e underl%in fac's or da'a on cross-e8a$ina'ion.

1,

5I. "earsay 101: 3earsa" (prior s%a%e!en% )" %es%if"ing wi%ness, ad!ission )" par%" opponen%) (T page /1-, /1&, /-/) *efinitions T1e followin defini'ions appl% under '1is ar'icle: (a) Statement. A As'a'e$en'A is (1! an oral or wri''en asser'ion or (2! nonver*al conduc' of a person- if i' is in'ended *% '1e person as an asser'ion. ( ) *eclarant. A Adeclaran'A is a person w1o $a@es a s'a'e$en'. (c) "earsay. A4earsa%A is a s'a'e$en'- o'1er '1an one $ade *% '1e declaran' w1ile 'es'if%in a' '1e 'rial or 1earin offered in evidence 'o prove '1e 'ru'1 of '1e $a''er asser'ed. (d) Statements 2&ic& are not &earsay. A s'a'e$en' is no' 1earsa% if-(1) "rior statement by witness. T1e declaran' 'es'ifies a' '1e 'rial or 1earin and is su*/ec' 'o crosse8a$ina'ion concernin '1e s'a'e$en'- and '1e s'a'e$en' is (A! inconsis'en' wi'1 '1e declaran'Bs 'es'i$on%- and was iven under oa'1 su*/ec' 'o '1e penal'% of per/ur% a' a 'rial- 1earin - or o'1er proceedin - or in a deposi'ion- or ("! consis'en' wi'1 '1e declaran'Bs 'es'i$on% and is offered 'o re*u' an e8press or i$plied c1ar e a ains' '1e declaran' of recen' fa*rica'ion or i$proper influence or $o'ive- or ((! one of iden'ifica'ion of a person $ade af'er perceivin '1e personC or (2)(dmission by #arty)o##onent. T1e s'a'e$en' is offered a ains' a par'% and is (A! '1e par'%Bs own s'a'e$en'- in ei'1er an individual or a represen'a'ive capaci'% or ("! a s'a'e$en' of w1ic1 '1e par'% 1as $anifes'ed an adop'ion or *elief in i's 'ru'1- or ((! a s'a'e$en' *% a person au'1oriDed *% '1e par'% 'o $a@e a s'a'e$en' concernin '1e su*/ec'- or (+! a s'a'e$en' *% '1e par'%Bs a en' or servan' concernin a $a''er wi'1in '1e scope of '1e a enc% or e$plo%$en'- $ade durin '1e e8is'ence of '1e rela'ions1ip- or (E! a s'a'e$en' *% a coconspira'or of a par'% durin '1e course and in fur'1erance of '1e conspirac%. T1e con'en's of '1e s'a'e$en' s1all *e considered *u' are no' alone sufficien' 'o es'a*lis1 '1e declaran'Bs au'1ori'% under su*division ((!- '1e a enc% or e$plo%$en' rela'ions1ip and scope '1ereof under su*division (+!- or '1e e8is'ence of '1e conspirac% and '1e par'icipa'ion '1erein of '1e declaran' and '1e par'% a ains' w1o$ '1e s'a'e$en' is offered under su*division (E!. B. 102: 3earsa" $u e (no% assigned) "earsay Rule 4earsa% is no' ad$issi*le e8cep' as provided *% '1ese rules or *% o'1er rules prescri*ed *% '1e 6upre$e (our' pursuan' 'o s'a'u'or% au'1ori'% or *% Ac' of (on ress. A.

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'. 10&: ?nres%ric%ed 3earsa" E8cep%ions (T page 1&4), *ocu!en%s (T page 1/&) "earsay ,.ceptions- (vaila ility of *eclarant Immaterial T1e followin are no' e8cluded *% '1e 1earsa% rule- even '1ou 1 '1e declaran' is availa*le as a wi'ness: (1! Present sense impression. A s'a'e$en' descri*in or e8plainin an even' or condi'ion $ade w1ile '1e declaran' was perceivin '1e even' or condi'ion- or i$$edia'el% '1ereaf'er. (2! ,.cited utterance. A s'a'e$en' rela'in 'o a s'ar'lin even' or condi'ion $ade w1ile '1e declaran' was under '1e s'ress of e8ci'e$en' caused *% '1e even' or condi'ion. (3! $&en e.istin! mental/ emotional/ or p&ysical condition. A s'a'e$en' of '1e declaran'Bs '1en e8is'in s'a'e of $ind- e$o'ion- sensa'ion- or p1%sical condi'ion (suc1 as in'en'- plan- $o'ive- desi n$en'al feelin - pain- and *odil% 1eal'1!- *u' no' includin a s'a'e$en' of $e$or% or *elief 'o prove '1e fac' re$e$*ered or *elieved unless i' rela'es 'o '1e e8ecu'ion- revoca'ion- iden'ifica'ion- or 'er$s of declaran'Bs will. (#! Statements for purposes of medical dia!nosis or treatment. 6'a'e$en's $ade for purposes of $edical dia nosis or 'rea'$en' and descri*in $edical 1is'or%- or pas' or presen' s%$p'o$s- pain- or sensa'ions- or '1e incep'ion or eneral c1arac'er of '1e cause or e8'ernal source '1ereof insofar as reasona*l% per'inen' 'o dia nosis or 'rea'$en'. ()! Recorded recollection. A $e$orandu$ or record concernin a $a''er a*ou' w1ic1 a wi'ness once 1ad @nowled e *u' now 1as insufficien' recollec'ion 'o ena*le '1e wi'ness 'o 'es'if% full% and accura'el%s1own 'o 1ave *een $ade or adop'ed *% '1e wi'ness w1en '1e $a''er was fres1 in '1e wi'nessB $e$or% and 'o reflec' '1a' @nowled e correc'l%. If ad$i''ed- '1e $e$orandu$ or record $a% *e read in'o evidence *u' $a% no' i'self *e received as an e81i*i' unless offered *% an adverse par'%. (,! Records of re!ularly conducted activity. A $e$orandu$- repor'- record- or da'a co$pila'ion- in an% for$- of ac's- even's- condi'ions- opinions- or dia noses- $ade a' or near '1e 'i$e *%- or fro$ infor$a'ion 'rans$i''ed *%- a person wi'1 @nowled e- if @ep' in '1e course of a re ularl% conduc'ed *usiness ac'ivi'%- and if i' was '1e re ular prac'ice of '1a' *usiness ac'ivi'% 'o $a@e '1e $e$orandu$repor'- record or da'a co$pila'ion- all as s1own *% '1e 'es'i$on% of '1e cus'odian or o'1er 7ualified wi'ness- or *% cer'ifica'ion '1a' co$plies wi'1 &ule .02(11!- &ule .02(12!- or a s'a'u'e per$i''in cer'ifica'ion- unless '1e source of infor$a'ion or '1e $e'1od or circu$s'ances of prepara'ion indica'e lac@ of 'rus'wor'1iness. T1e 'er$ A*usinessA as used in '1is para rap1 includes *usiness- ins'i'u'ionassocia'ion- profession- occupa'ion- and callin of ever% @ind- w1e'1er or no' conduc'ed for profi'. (0! ( sence of entry in records ;ept in accordance 2it& t&e provisions of para!rap& (?). Evidence '1a' a $a''er is no' included in '1e $e$oranda repor's- records- or da'a co$pila'ions- in an% for$- @ep' in accordance wi'1 '1e provisions of para rap1 (,!- 'o prove '1e nonoccurrence or none8is'ence of '1e $a''er- if '1e $a''er was of a @ind of w1ic1 a $e$orandu$- repor'- record- or da'a co$pila'ion was re ularl% $ade and preserved- unless '1e sources of infor$a'ion or o'1er circu$s'ances indica'e lac@ of 'rus'wor'1iness. D

12

(2! Pu lic records and reports. &ecords- repor's- s'a'e$en's- or da'a co$pila'ions- in an% for$- of pu*lic offices or a encies- se''in for'1 (A! '1e ac'ivi'ies of '1e office or a enc%- or ("! $a''ers o*served pursuan' 'o du'% i$posed *% law as 'o w1ic1 $a''ers '1ere was a du'% 'o repor'- e8cludin - 1owever- in cri$inal cases $a''ers o*served *% police officers and o'1er law enforce$en' personnel- or ((! in civil ac'ions and proceedin s and a ains' '1e Govern$en' in cri$inal cases- fac'ual findin s resul'in fro$ an inves'i a'ion $ade pursuan' 'o au'1ori'% ran'ed *% law- unless '1e sources of infor$a'ion or o'1er circu$s'ances indica'e lac@ of 'rus'wor'1iness. (.! Records of vital statistics. &ecords or da'a co$pila'ions- in an% for$- of *ir'1s- fe'al dea'1s- dea'1sor $arria es- if '1e repor' '1ereof was $ade 'o a pu*lic office pursuan' 'o re7uire$en's of law. (10! ( sence of pu lic record or entry. To prove '1e a*sence of a record- repor'- s'a'e$en'- or da'a co$pila'ion- in an% for$- or '1e nonoccurrence or none8is'ence of a $a''er of w1ic1 a record- repor's'a'e$en'- or da'a co$pila'ion- in an% for$- was re ularl% $ade and preserved *% a pu*lic office or a enc%- evidence in '1e for$ of a cer'ifica'ion in accordance wi'1 rule .02- or 'es'i$on%- '1a' dili en' searc1 failed 'o disclose '1e record- repor'- s'a'e$en'- or da'a co$pila'ion- or en'r%. (11! Records of reli!ious or!aniEations. 6'a'e$en's of *ir'1s- $arria es- divorces- dea'1s- le i'i$ac%ances'r%- rela'ions1ip *% *lood or $arria e- or o'1er si$ilar fac's of personal or fa$il% 1is'or%con'ained in a re ularl% @ep' record of a reli ious or aniDa'ion. (12! 3arria!e/ aptismal/ and similar certificates. 6'a'e$en's of fac' con'ained in a cer'ifica'e '1a' '1e $a@er perfor$ed a $arria e or o'1er cere$on% or ad$inis'ered a sacra$en'- $ade *% a cler %$anpu*lic official- or o'1er person au'1oriDed *% '1e rules or prac'ices of a reli ious or aniDa'ion or *% law 'o perfor$ '1e ac' cer'ified- and purpor'in 'o 1ave *een issued a' '1e 'i$e of '1e ac' or wi'1in a reasona*le 'i$e '1ereaf'er. (13! <amily records. 6'a'e$en's of fac' concernin personal or fa$il% 1is'or% con'ained in fa$il% "i*les- enealo ies- c1ar's- en ravin s on rin s- inscrip'ions on fa$il% por'rai's- en ravin s on urnscr%p's- or 'o$*s'ones- or '1e li@e. (1#! Records of documents affectin! an interest in property. T1e record of a docu$en' purpor'in 'o es'a*lis1 or affec' an in'eres' in proper'%- as proof of '1e con'en' of '1e ori inal recorded docu$en' and i's e8ecu'ion and deliver% *% eac1 person *% w1o$ i' purpor's 'o 1ave *een e8ecu'ed- if '1e record is a record of a pu*lic office and an applica*le s'a'u'e au'1oriDes '1e recordin of docu$en's of '1a' @ind in '1a' office. (1)! Statements in documents affectin! an interest in property. A s'a'e$en' con'ained in a docu$en' purpor'in 'o es'a*lis1 or affec' an in'eres' in proper'% if '1e $a''er s'a'ed was relevan' 'o '1e purpose of '1e docu$en'- unless dealin s wi'1 '1e proper'% since '1e docu$en' was $ade 1ave *een inconsis'en' wi'1 '1e 'ru'1 of '1e s'a'e$en' or '1e purpor' of '1e docu$en'. (1,! Statements in ancient documents. 6'a'e$en's in a docu$en' in e8is'ence 'wen'% %ears or $ore '1e au'1en'ici'% of w1ic1 is es'a*lis1ed. (10! 3ar;et reports/ commercial pu lications. 3ar@e' 7uo'a'ions- 'a*ula'ions- lis's- direc'ories- or o'1er pu*lis1ed co$pila'ions- enerall% used and relied upon *% '1e pu*lic or *% persons in par'icular occupa'ions. D

1.

(12! 'earned treatises. To '1e e8'en' called 'o '1e a''en'ion of an e8per' wi'ness upon crosse8a$ina'ion or relied upon *% '1e e8per' wi'ness in direc' e8a$ina'ion- s'a'e$en's con'ained in pu*lis1ed 'rea'ises- periodicals- or pa$p1le's on a su*/ec' of 1is'or%- $edicine- or o'1er science or ar'es'a*lis1ed as a relia*le au'1ori'% *% '1e 'es'i$on% or ad$ission of '1e wi'ness or *% o'1er e8per' 'es'i$on% or *% /udicial no'ice. If ad$i''ed- '1e s'a'e$en's $a% *e read in'o evidence *u' $a% no' *e received as e81i*i's. (1.! Reputation concernin! personal or family &istory. &epu'a'ion a$on $e$*ers of a personBs fa$il% *% *lood- adop'ion- or $arria e- or a$on a personBs associa'es- or in '1e co$$uni'%- concernin a personBs *ir'1- adop'ion- $arria e- divorce- dea'1- le i'i$ac%- rela'ions1ip *% *lood- adop'ion- or $arria e- ances'r%- or o'1er si$ilar fac' of personal or fa$il% 1is'or%. (20! Reputation concernin! oundaries or !eneral &istory. &epu'a'ion in a co$$uni'%- arisin *efore '1e con'rovers%- as 'o *oundaries of or cus'o$s affec'in lands in '1e co$$uni'%- and repu'a'ion as 'o even's of eneral 1is'or% i$por'an' 'o '1e co$$uni'% or 6'a'e or na'ion in w1ic1 loca'ed. (21! Reputation as to c&aracter. &epu'a'ion of a personBs c1arac'er a$on associa'es or in '1e co$$uni'%. (22! >ud!ment of previous conviction. Evidence of a final /ud $en'- en'ered af'er a 'rial or upon a plea of uil'% (*u' no' upon a plea of nolo con'endere!- ad/ud in a person uil'% of a cri$e punis1a*le *% dea'1 or i$prison$en' in e8cess of one %ear- 'o prove an% fac' essen'ial 'o sus'ain '1e /ud $en'- *u' no' includin - w1en offered *% '1e Govern$en' in a cri$inal prosecu'ion for purposes o'1er '1an i$peac1$en'- /ud $en's a ains' persons o'1er '1an '1e accused. T1e pendenc% of an appeal $a% *e s1own *u' does no' affec' ad$issi*ili'%. (23! >ud!ment as to personal/ family or !eneral &istory/ or oundaries. 9ud $en's as proof of $a''ers of personal- fa$il% or eneral 1is'or%- or *oundaries- essen'ial 'o '1e /ud $en'- if '1e sa$e would *e prova*le *% evidence of repu'a'ion. (2#! F1t&er e.ceptions.GFTransferred 'o &ule 200G

20

*. 104: 3earsa" E8cep%ion: *ec aran% ?navai a) e (T page -&() "earsay ,.ceptions- *eclarant Cnavaila le (a) *efinition of unavaila ility. A?navaila*ili'% as a wi'nessA includes si'ua'ions in w1ic1 '1e declaran'-(1! is e8e$p'ed *% rulin of '1e cour' on '1e round of privile e fro$ 'es'if%in concernin '1e su*/ec' $a''er of '1e declaran'Bs s'a'e$en'C or (2! persis's in refusin 'o 'es'if% concernin '1e su*/ec' $a''er of '1e declaran'Bs s'a'e$en' despi'e an order of '1e cour' 'o do soC or (3! 'es'ifies 'o a lac@ of $e$or% of '1e su*/ec' $a''er of '1e declaran'Bs s'a'e$en'C or (#! is una*le 'o *e presen' or 'o 'es'if% a' '1e 1earin *ecause of dea'1 or '1en e8is'in p1%sical or $en'al illness or infir$i'%C or ()! is a*sen' fro$ '1e 1earin and '1e proponen' of a s'a'e$en' 1as *een una*le 'o procure '1e declaran'Bs a''endance (or in '1e case of a 1earsa% e8cep'ion under su*division (*!(2!- (3!- or (#!- '1e declaran'Bs a''endance or 'es'i$on%! *% process or o'1er reasona*le $eans. A declaran' is no' unavaila*le as a wi'ness if e8e$p'ion- refusal- clai$ of lac@ of $e$or%- ina*ili'%- or a*sence is due 'o '1e procure$en' or wron doin of '1e proponen' of a s'a'e$en' for '1e purpose of preven'in '1e wi'ness fro$ a''endin or 'es'if%in . ( ) "earsay e.ceptions. T1e followin are no' e8cluded *% '1e 1earsa% rule if '1e declaran' is unavaila*le as a wi'ness: (1! Former testimony. Tes'i$on% iven as a wi'ness a' ano'1er 1earin of '1e sa$e or a differen' proceedin - or in a deposi'ion 'a@en in co$pliance wi'1 law in '1e course of '1e sa$e or ano'1er proceedin - if '1e par'% a ains' w1o$ '1e 'es'i$on% is now offered- or- in a civil ac'ion or proceedin - a predecessor in in'eres'- 1ad an oppor'uni'% and si$ilar $o'ive 'o develop '1e 'es'i$on% *% direc'- crossor redirec' e8a$ina'ion. (2! *tatement under belief of im#ending death. In a prosecu'ion for 1o$icide or in a civil ac'ion or proceedin - a s'a'e$en' $ade *% a declaran' w1ile *elievin '1a' '1e declaran'Bs dea'1 was i$$inen'concernin '1e cause or circu$s'ances of w1a' '1e declaran' *elieved 'o *e i$pendin dea'1. (3! *tatement against interest. A s'a'e$en' w1ic1 was a' '1e 'i$e of i's $a@in so far con'rar% 'o '1e declaran'Bs pecuniar% or proprie'ar% in'eres'- or so far 'ended 'o su*/ec' '1e declaran' 'o civil or cri$inal lia*ili'%- or 'o render invalid a clai$ *% '1e declaran' a ains' ano'1er- '1a' a reasona*le person in '1e declaran'Bs posi'ion would no' 1ave $ade '1e s'a'e$en' unless *elievin i' 'o *e 'rue. A s'a'e$en' 'endin 'o e8pose '1e declaran' 'o cri$inal lia*ili'% and offered 'o e8culpa'e '1e accused is no' ad$issi*le unless corro*ora'in circu$s'ances clearl% indica'e '1e 'rus'wor'1iness of '1e s'a'e$en'. (#! *tatement of #ersonal or family history. (A! A s'a'e$en' concernin '1e declaran'Bs own *ir'1adop'ion- $arria e- divorce- le i'i$ac%- rela'ions1ip *% *lood- adop'ion- or $arria e- ances'r%- or o'1er si$ilar fac' of personal or fa$il% 1is'or%- even '1ou 1 declaran' 1ad no $eans of ac7uirin personal @nowled e of '1e $a''er s'a'edC or ("! a s'a'e$en' concernin '1e fore oin $a''ers- and dea'1 also- of ano'1er person- if '1e declaran' was rela'ed 'o '1e o'1er *% *lood- adop'ion- or $arria e or was so in'i$a'el% associa'ed wi'1 '1e o'1erBs fa$il% as 'o *e li@el% 'o 1ave accura'e infor$a'ion concernin '1e $a''er declared. ()! F+ther e&ce#tions.GFTransferred 'o &ule 200G (,! Forfeiture by wrongdoing. A s'a'e$en' offered a ains' a par'% '1a' 1as en a ed or ac7uiesced in wron doin '1a' was in'ended 'o- and did- procure '1e unavaila*ili'% of '1e declaran' as a wi'ness.

21

E. 10(: 2u %ip e 3earsa" (T page 1000) "earsay %it&in "earsay 4earsa% included wi'1in 1earsa% is no' e8cluded under '1e 1earsa% rule if eac1 par' of '1e co$*ined s'a'e$en's confor$s wi'1 an e8cep'ion 'o '1e 1earsa% rule provided in '1ese rules. 4. 10+: 'redi)i i%" of 3earsa" *ec aran% (T page 1001) (ttac;in! and Supportin! Credi ility of *eclarant ;1en a 1earsa% s'a'e$en'- or a s'a'e$en' defined in &ule 201(d!(2!((!- (+!- or (E!- 1as *een ad$i''ed in evidence- '1e credi*ili'% of '1e declaran' $a% *e a''ac@ed- and if a''ac@ed $a% *e suppor'ed- *% an% evidence w1ic1 would *e ad$issi*le for '1ose purposes if declaran' 1ad 'es'ified as a wi'ness. Evidence of a s'a'e$en' or conduc' *% '1e declaran' a' an% 'i$e- inconsis'en' wi'1 '1e declaran'Bs 1earsa% s'a'e$en'- is no' su*/ec' 'o an% re7uire$en' '1a' '1e declaran' $a% 1ave *een afforded an oppor'uni'% 'o den% or e8plain. If '1e par'% a ains' w1o$ a 1earsa% s'a'e$en' 1as *een ad$i''ed calls '1e declaran' as a wi'ness- '1e par'% is en'i'led 'o e8a$ine '1e declaran' on '1e s'a'e$en' as if under cross-e8a$ina'ion. 7. 10/: 3earsa" E8cep%ion: 'a%c0a (T page 100&) Residual ,.ception A s'a'e$en' no' specificall% covered *% &ule 203 or 20# *u' 1avin e7uivalen' circu$s'an'ial uaran'ees of 'rus'wor'1iness- is no' e8cluded *% '1e 1earsa% rule- if '1e cour' de'er$ines '1a' (A! '1e s'a'e$en' is offered as evidence of a $a'erial fac'C ("! '1e s'a'e$en' is $ore pro*a'ive on '1e poin' for w1ic1 i' is offered '1an an% o'1er evidence w1ic1 '1e proponen' can procure '1rou 1 reasona*le effor'sC and ((! '1e eneral purposes of '1ese rules and '1e in'eres's of /us'ice will *es' *e served *% ad$ission of '1e s'a'e$en' in'o evidence. 4owever- a s'a'e$en' $a% no' *e ad$i''ed under '1is e8cep'ion unless '1e proponen' of i' $a@es @nown 'o '1e adverse par'% sufficien'l% in advance of '1e 'rial or 1earin 'o provide '1e adverse par'% wi'1 a fair oppor'uni'% 'o prepare 'o $ee' i'- '1e proponen'Bs in'en'ion 'o offer '1e s'a'e$en' and '1e par'iculars of i'- includin '1e na$e and address of '1e declaran'.

22

5II.

(ut&entication and Identification

A. -01: Au%0en%ica%ion (T page 10+() Re4uirement of (ut&entication or Identification (a) General provision. T1e re7uire$en' of au'1en'ica'ion or iden'ifica'ion as a condi'ion preceden' 'o ad$issi*ili'% is sa'isfied *% evidence sufficien' 'o suppor' a findin '1a' '1e $a''er in 7ues'ion is w1a' i's proponen' clai$s. ( ) Illustrations. "% wa% of illus'ra'ion onl%- and no' *% wa% of li$i'a'ion- '1e followin are e8a$ples of au'1en'ica'ion or iden'ifica'ion confor$in wi'1 '1e re7uire$en's of '1is rule: (1! ,estimony of witness with -nowledge. Tes'i$on% '1a' a $a''er is w1a' i' is clai$ed 'o *e. (2! .one&#ert o#inion on handwriting. Eone8per' opinion as 'o '1e enuineness of 1andwri'in - *ased upon fa$iliari'% no' ac7uired for purposes of '1e li'i a'ion. (3! Com#arison by trier or e&#ert witness. (o$parison *% '1e 'rier of fac' or *% e8per' wi'nesses wi'1 speci$ens w1ic1 1ave *een au'1en'ica'ed. (#! Distincti/e characteristics and the li-e. Appearance- con'en's- su*s'ance- in'ernal pa''erns- or o'1er dis'inc'ive c1arac'eris'ics- 'a@en in con/unc'ion wi'1 circu$s'ances. ()! 0oice identification. Iden'ifica'ion of a voice- w1e'1er 1eard firs'1and or '1rou 1 $ec1anical or elec'ronic 'rans$ission or recordin - *% opinion *ased upon 1earin '1e voice a' an% 'i$e under circu$s'ances connec'in i' wi'1 '1e alle ed spea@er. (,! ,ele#hone con/ersations. Telep1one conversa'ions- *% evidence '1a' a call was $ade 'o '1e nu$*er assi ned a' '1e 'i$e *% '1e 'elep1one co$pan% 'o a par'icular person or *usiness- if (A! in '1e case of a person- circu$s'ances- includin self-iden'ifica'ion- s1ow '1e person answerin 'o *e '1e one called- or ("! in '1e case of a *usiness- '1e call was $ade 'o a place of *usiness and '1e conversa'ion rela'ed 'o *usiness reasona*l% 'ransac'ed over '1e 'elep1one. (0! "ublic records or re#orts. Evidence '1a' a wri'in au'1oriDed *% law 'o *e recorded or filed and in fac' recorded or filed in a pu*lic office- or a purpor'ed pu*lic record- repor'- s'a'e$en'- or da'a co$pila'ion- in an% for$- is fro$ '1e pu*lic office w1ere i'e$s of '1is na'ure are @ep'. (2! (ncient documents or data com#ilation. Evidence '1a' a docu$en' or da'a co$pila'ion- in an% for$(A! is in suc1 condi'ion as 'o crea'e no suspicion concernin i's au'1en'ici'%- ("! was in a place w1ere i'if au'1en'ic- would li@el% *e- and ((! 1as *een in e8is'ence 20 %ears or $ore a' '1e 'i$e i' is offered. (.! "rocess or system. Evidence descri*in a process or s%s'e$ used 'o produce a resul' and s1owin '1a' '1e process or s%s'e$ produces an accura'e resul'. (10! 1ethods #ro/ided by statute or rule. An% $e'1od of au'1en'ica'ion or iden'ifica'ion provided *% Ac' of (on ress or *% o'1er rules prescri*ed *% '1e 6upre$e (our' pursuan' 'o s'a'u'or% au'1ori'%.

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5III. Contents of %ritin!s/ Recordin!s/ and P&oto!rap&s A. 1001-1001: Bes% Evidence *oc%rine (T page 1141) Rule 1001. *efinitions 5or purposes of '1is ar'icle '1e followin defini'ions are applica*le: (1! %ritin!s and recordin!s. A;ri'in sA and Arecordin sA consis' of le''ers- words- or nu$*ers- or '1eir e7uivalen'- se' down *% 1andwri'in - '%pewri'in - prin'in - p1o'os'a'in - p1o'o rap1in - $a ne'ic i$pulse- $ec1anical or elec'ronic recordin - or o'1er for$ of da'a co$pila'ion. (2! P&oto!rap&s. AP1o'o rap1sA include s'ill p1o'o rap1s- H-ra% fil$s- video 'apes- and $o'ion pic'ures. (3! 1ri!inal. An Aori inalA of a wri'in or recordin is '1e wri'in or recordin i'self or an% coun'erpar' in'ended 'o 1ave '1e sa$e effec' *% a person e8ecu'in or issuin i'. An Aori inalA of a p1o'o rap1 includes '1e ne a'ive or an% prin' '1erefro$. If da'a are s'ored in a co$pu'er or si$ilar device- an% prin'ou' or o'1er ou'pu' reada*le *% si 1'- s1own 'o reflec' '1e da'a accura'el%- is an Aori inalA. (#! *uplicate. A Aduplica'eA is a coun'erpar' produced *% '1e sa$e i$pression as '1e ori inal- or fro$ '1e sa$e $a'ri8- or *% $eans of p1o'o rap1%- includin enlar e$en's and $inia'ures- or *% $ec1anical or elec'ronic re-recordin - or *% c1e$ical reproduc'ion- or *% o'1er e7uivalen' 'ec1ni7ues w1ic1 accura'el% reproduces '1e ori inal. Rule 1002. Re4uirement of 1ri!inal To prove '1e con'en' of a wri'in - recordin - or p1o'o rap1- '1e ori inal wri'in - recordin - or p1o'o rap1 is re7uired- e8cep' as o'1erwise provided in '1ese rules or *% Ac' of (on ress. Rule 1008. (dmissi ility of *uplicates A duplica'e is ad$issi*le 'o '1e sa$e e8'en' as an ori inal unless (1! a enuine 7ues'ion is raised as 'o '1e au'1en'ici'% of '1e ori inal or (2! in '1e circu$s'ances i' would *e unfair 'o ad$i' '1e duplica'e in lieu of '1e ori inal. Rule 100). (dmissi ility of 1t&er ,vidence of Contents T1e ori inal is no' re7uired- and o'1er evidence of '1e con'en's of a wri'in - recordin - or p1o'o rap1 is ad$issi*le if-(1! 1ri!inals lost or destroyed. All ori inals are los' or 1ave *een des'ro%ed- unless '1e proponen' los' or des'ro%ed '1e$ in *ad fai'1C or (2! 1ri!inal not o taina le. Eo ori inal can *e o*'ained *% an% availa*le /udicial process or procedureC or (3! 1ri!inal in possession of opponent. A' a 'i$e w1en an ori inal was under '1e con'rol of '1e par'% a ains' w1o$ offered- '1a' par'% was pu' on no'ice- *% '1e pleadin s or o'1erwise- '1a' '1e con'en's would *e a su*/ec' of proof a' '1e 1earin - and '1a' par'% does no' produce '1e ori inal a' '1e 1earin C or (#! Collateral matters. T1e wri'in - recordin - or p1o'o rap1 is no' closel% rela'ed 'o a con'rollin issue.

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Rule 1009. Pu lic Records T1e con'en's of an official record- or of a docu$en' au'1oriDed 'o *e recorded or filed and ac'uall% recorded or filed- includin da'a co$pila'ions in an% for$- if o'1erwise ad$issi*le- $a% *e proved *% cop%- cer'ified as correc' in accordance wi'1 rule .02 or 'es'ified 'o *e correc' *% a wi'ness w1o 1as co$pared i' wi'1 '1e ori inal. If a cop% w1ic1 co$plies wi'1 '1e fore oin canno' *e o*'ained *% '1e e8ercise of reasona*le dili ence- '1en o'1er evidence of '1e con'en's $a% *e iven. Rule 100?. Summaries T1e con'en's of volu$inous wri'in s- recordin s- or p1o'o rap1s w1ic1 canno' convenien'l% *e e8a$ined in cour' $a% *e presen'ed in '1e for$ of a c1ar'- su$$ar%- or calcula'ion. T1e ori inals- or duplica'es- s1all *e $ade availa*le for e8a$ina'ion or cop%in - or *o'1- *% o'1er par'ies a' reasona*le 'i$e and place. T1e cour' $a% order '1a' '1e% *e produced in cour'. Rule 100@. $estimony or %ritten (dmission of Party (on'en's of wri'in s- recordin s- or p1o'o rap1s $a% *e proved *% '1e 'es'i$on% or deposi'ion of '1e par'% a ains' w1o$ offered or *% '1a' par'%Bs wri''en ad$ission- wi'1ou' accoun'in for '1e nonproduc'ion of '1e ori inal. Rule 100A. <unctions of Court and >ury ;1en '1e ad$issi*ili'% of o'1er evidence of con'en's of wri'in s- recordin s- or p1o'o rap1s under '1ese rules depends upon '1e fulfill$en' of a condi'ion of fac'- '1e 7ues'ion w1e'1er '1e condi'ion 1as *een fulfilled is ordinaril% for '1e cour' 'o de'er$ine in accordance wi'1 '1e provisions of rule 10#. 4oweverw1en an issue is raised (a! w1e'1er '1e asser'ed wri'in ever e8is'ed- or (*! w1e'1er ano'1er wri'in recordin - or p1o'o rap1 produced a' '1e 'rial is '1e ori inal- or (c! w1e'1er o'1er evidence of con'en's correc'l% reflec's '1e con'en's- '1e issue is for '1e 'rier of fac' 'o de'er$ine as in '1e case of o'1er issues of fac'.

2)