REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR
AIM: To find the regulation of a three phase alternator by EMF method . APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Apparatus Required Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Rheostat Tachometer T.P.S.T Switch 3-Phase Variable Inductive Load Range (0-300)V (0-10) A (0-2)A 360 / 1.2 A 0-10000rpm 415V,10A Type MI MI MI WW Digital Variable Quantity 1 No 1 No 1 No 3 No 1 No 1 No 1 No
After finding the value of armature resistance and synchronous reactance, the pharos diagram can be draw for different value of load currents and power factor. One such diagram is shown in fig. The p.f. is taken as login. Regulation fro this load at p.f. Cos lagging and the terminal voltage V is obtained. % regulation =
E V V
100%
TABULAR COLUMN:
Open Circuit Test Sl.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Field Current (If) Terminal Voltage/phase
7. Start the motor with its field rheostat in minimum resistance position and potential divided set to give zero output. 8. Adjust the speed of the motor to synchronous speed. 9. Note ammeter reading for different values of excitation (field current). Take reading unto the rated armature current. 10. Measure the value of armature resistance of all three phases by an accurate ohm-meter, or battery, voltmeter method 11. Plot open circuit voltage and short circuit current against field and from this graph, calculate the value of synchronous impedance for rated value of excitation. Synchronous speed = 1500 r.p.m. The experiment can be repeated for other phases to check that all phases have equal resistance. Draw open circuit and short circuit characteristic as shown in fig. And found the value of short circuit current for rated value of excitation for the same value of excitation, see the value of open circuit voltage. This is the rated voltage alternator at no load , from this.
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: ZS = VOC /ISC (at same field current) Ra= 1.2*Rdc
Xs = Zs 2 R a 2 , Ef 2= ( Vt Cos + IaRa )2 + ( Vt Sin + IaXa ) 2 For Power Factor, Cos = __________________________________ Ef lead = ( Vt Cos + IaRa )2 + ( Vt Sin + IaXa ) 2 Ef lag = ( Vt Cos + IaRa )2 + ( Vt Sin + IaXa ) 2
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram 2. Avoid loose and wrong connections 3. Note down the readings without any parallax error.
RESULT:
VIVA QUESTIONS
1 2 3 4 5 Define regulation of an alternator? Can a DC generator be converted into an alternator/ How a direct coupled excitation arranged in an alternator? Which method gives better regulation in alternation? On synchronous impedance method whether the armature reaction drop is considered or not?