Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaskaphotographed from the International Space Station, May 2006

Cross-section through a stratovolcano (vertical scale is exaggerated): 1. Large magma chamber 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano 2. Bedrock 10. Throat 3. Conduit (pipe) 11. Parasitic cone 4. Base 12. Lava flow 5. Sill 13. Vent 6. Dike 14. Crater 7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano 15. Ash cloud 8. Flank

Pinatubo ash plume reaching a height of 19 km, 3 days before the climactic eruption of 15 June 1991

Map showing the divergent plate boundaries (OSR Oceanic Spreading Ridges) and recent sub aerial volcanoes.

Mount Rinjani eruption in 1994, in Lombok,Indonesia

Lava enters the Pacific at the Big Island of Hawaii

Conical Mount Fuji in Japan, at sunrise from Lake Kawaguchi (2005)

Lakagigar fissure vent in Iceland, source of the major world climate alteration of 178384.

Skjaldbreiur, a shield volcano whose name means "broad shield"

January 2009 image of the rhyolitic lava dome of Chaitn Volcano, southern Chileduring its 20082009 eruption

Mayon, near-perfect stratovolcano in thePhilippines

Mud volcano on Taman Peninsula, Russia

Holocene cinder cone volcano on State Highway 18 near Veyo, Utah

The Lake Toba volcano created a caldera 100 km long

Herubrei, one of the tuyas in Iceland

Phoehoe lava from Klauea,Hawaii

Phoehoe Lava flow on Hawaii. The picture shows overflows of a main lava channel.

The Stromboli volcano off the coast ofSicily has erupted continuously for thousands of years, giving rise to the termstrombolian eruption.

Mafic basalt lava flows created theDeccan Traps near Matheran, east ofMumbai, one of the largest volcanic features on Earth.

Active volcano Mount St. Helens shortly after the eruption of 18 May 1980

Damavand, the highest volcano in Asia, is a potentially active volcano with fumarolesand solfatara near its summit.

Fourpeaked volcano, Alaska, in September 2007, after being thought extinct for over 10,000 years.

Koryaksky volcano towering overPetropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on Kamchatka Peninsula, Far Eastern Russia.

Mount Teide on the island of Tenerife(Spain).

Volcanic "injection"

Solar radiation reduction from volcanic eruptions

Sulfur dioxide emissions by volcanoes.

Average concentration of sulfur dioxide over the Sierra Negra Volcano (Galapagos Islands) from October 23 November 1, 2005

Rainbow and volcanic ash with sulfur dioxide emissions from Halema`uma`u vent.

The Tvashtar volcano erupts a plume 330 km (205 mi) above the surface of Jupiter's moon Io.

Olympus Mons (Latin, "Mount Olympus") is the tallest knownmountain in our solar system, located on

the planet Mars.

Mount Bromo, East Java, Indonesia.

Crater of Mount Tangkuban Perahu, West Java, Indonesia.

Iraz Volcano, Costa Rica.

Black Rock Volcano an extinct cinder cone near Fillmore, Utah.

Taal Volcano, Philippines.

Crater of Sierra Negra volcano, Isabela island, Galapagos, Ecuador.

Vulcano island with the north coast of Sicily in the background.

Remote Binubulauan in Kalinga province, central northern Luzon, Philippines, April 2009