Assignment # 3

SME & Entrepreneurship

Instructor: Iqbal Khan

Presenteb By: Ahmad Raza Muhammad Qasim Rashid Muhammad Rafi Haider Muhammad Shehroz Younas Umir Riaz Cheema Saadain Malik Shahzaib Khan

BBA-IV

Section: G

Lahore School Of Economics

Indigenous culture and economic development.

Being an endangered indigenous community, kalash lacks economic development. The survey conducted by Khan (2011) in the three valleys of kalash revealed that the kalash people have strong entrepreneurial intention but they consider general store as the best business traditionally. This paper examines the cultural determinants of indigenous entrepreneurship among the Kalash community. This is one of the most colorful Indigenous Community of Pakistan. The Kalash people dont take risk and their businesses are traditionally tired and tested. Their culture is one of the reasons that they lack economic development, like fear of being deprived by the neighbors if they left home, lack of education and etc. Kalash people dont go to cities for job in order to preserve their culture because they think that they will lose their culture as they will have to follow dominant religions of the society in the cities. (Khan 2011). The Purpose of studying entrepreneurship in indigenous peoples is to discover how to help them overcome their isolation and vulnerability in a sustainable manner. Therefore a second wave of development needs to be launched and make these communities self-sustaining, and empower them to become entrepreneur which is the path to self-sustainability. It was centuries of mistrust and denial of rights that they confined themselves to a closed communal living, in their remote mountains In one of the studies by Li (2003) heritage tourism, he argued that the culture based tourism may assist in preserving a comm (nation). They are jealously possessive of their environment and heritage. They lack the courage to open up to the mainstream population and are an unambitious society. The paper concludes with new a concept of developing a practical economy for a sustainable economic development through education and vocational training. This will serve as a first step towards indigenous entrepreneurship of the Kalash community. Unitys cultural heritage. But in Kalash the tourism is in a declining trend after 9/11. The traditional skills which these people have are not being promoted by this community. The women have different skills in these valleys, like they know various herbal medicines and if there is coordination between these valleys and economic world, it will help in making more effective medicines. Like a herb salajeet is found in these areas which has healing power

for internal damages. Women in Kalash valleys have an excellent ability to make jewellery of beads and various other items. Lindsay (2004), in his study on Maori community identified the various components of achieving indigenous sustainable development while preserving their traditions and these factors include: preservation of natural and cultural resource, social benefits, employment, education, health and housing. The major aspect regarding the economic development of Kalash is the culture and heritage which is not being protected. And due to their cultural values and norms they dont access the world outside.
Leaman et al (1992) mentioned in his study that there are several factors that lead to the

sustainable indigenous development like cooperation between the communities and the world, the leadership of the communities and the commitment of the key people with regional and local agencies. Sustainable development has been the subject of considerable research over recent decades. In indigenous communities, the notion of sustainability is often rooted in tradition and heritage. Because of growing global concerns over environmental sustainability, the topic of sustainable development has been largely investigated in the context of environment and impacts of development on environment sustainability. Economic development, such as economic growth of communities, including social and political aspects, is also covered in the literature, and a wide range of studies across multiple locations exists. Probably because of the diversity of the literature, few studies have brought these various elements together, particularly in the context of indigenous communities and development through sustainable business development and growth.