Overview

Uterine myomas also called "fibroids are tumors that grow from the wall of the uterus.
The wall of the uterus is made of muscle tissue, so a fibroid is a tumor made of muscle
tissue. The fibroids start off very small, actually from one cell, and generally grow slowly
over years before they cause any problems. Most fibroids are benign; malignant fibroids
are rare.
The cause of fibroids is unknown, although it is known that fibroids have a tendency to
run in families. Fibroids are very common, with an estimated 50% of women having
them. Fibroids can be diagnosed by pelvic examination or by ultrasound. Fibroids do not
have to be removed unless they are causing symptoms such as heavy periods, irregular
bleeding, or severe cramps with periods. Also, sometimes the size alone causes
enough discomfort so that removal is necessary. Once women go through menopause,
fibroids do not usually cause any further problems.
When the Myoma pushes on the intestines or the bladder, it can result in constipation,
pain of the bladder, or a constant need to urinate. f the tumor pushes on the nerves in
the spinal cord, it can result in pain of the back or the legs.
The causes of uterine Myoma are not fully understood. Some research suggests that
Uterine Myoma is less common in women who have had at least two children. For at
least one form of uterine Myoma, there seems to be a genetic predisposition.
Uterine Myoma often goes undetected. Ultrasounds, CT Scans, or mris may be
necessary to fully diagnose uterine Myoma. f you have symptoms of Uterine Myoma,
your health care provider will help you determine the best way to diagnose the problem.

Once it is diagnosed, Uterine Myoma can be treated through hormonal and/or herbal
treatments. Hormonal treatment typically do not cure the Uterine Myoma. Rather, they
give a temporary relief of the symptoms of Uterine Myoma. n addition, these hormones
may have certain side effects. f these hormone treatments do not work, surgery is
typically an option. Surgical options include the surgical removal of the Myoma tumors
(known as an enucleation) or a complete hysterectomy. Recent advances in laser
surgery may make this an option also. f this is the case, the surgery can become much
less invasive, and can be done laparoscopically.

Signs and Symptoms

Abdominal fullness, gas
Bleeding between periods or very prolonged bleeding with periods
ncrease in urinary frequency
Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), sometimes with the passage of blood clots
Pelvic cramping or pain with periods
Sensation of fullness or pressure in lower abdomen
Sudden, severe pain due to a pedunculated fibroid.

Diagnosis
O Gynecologic Ultrasonography (Ultrasound)
O Magnetic Resonance maging (MR)
O Hysterosalpingography or Sonohysterography.

Coexisting Disorder
Fibroids that lead to heavy vaginal bleeding lead to anemia and iron deficiency. Due to
pressure effects gastrointestinal problems are possible such as constipation and
bloatedness. Compression of the ureter may lead to hydronephrosis. Fibroids may also
present alongside endometriosis, which itself may cause infertility. Adenomyosis may
be mistaken for or coexist with fibroids.
n very rare cases, malignant (cancerous) growths, leiomyosarcoma, of the myometrium
can develop.
Treatment
Most fibroids do not require treatment unless they are causing symptoms. After
menopause fibroids shrink and it is unusual for fibroids to cause problems.
Symptomatic uterine fibroids can be treated by:

medication to control symptoms
(NSADs can be used to reduce painful menses)
medication aimed at shrinking tumours
Danazol is an effective treatment to shrink fibroids and control symptoms. ts use
is limited by unpleasant side effects. Mechanism of action is thought to be
antiestrogenic effects. Recent experience indicates that safety and side effect
profile can be improved by more cautious dosing.
Progesterone antagonists have been shown in small studies to decrease the size
of uterine fibroids. Mifepristone was effective in a placebo-controlled pilot study.

ultrasound fibroid destruction
various surgically aided methods to reduce blood supply of fibroids
myomectomy or radio frequency ablation
hysterectomy
treatment for infection and anemia

pidemiology
About 2040% of women will be diagnosed with leiomyoma but only a fraction of those
will cause problems or require treatment.
The condition is about twice as common in black women as white women.
Leiomyoma are more common in obese women. Fibroids are dependent on estrogen
and progesterone to grow and therefore relevant only during the reproductive years,
they are expected to shrink after menopause.

II. Objectives
> Define what is uterine myoma
>Trace the pathophysiology of uterine myoma
>numerate the different signs and symptoms of uterine myoma
>To learn new clinical skills as weel as sharpen our current clinical skills
required in the management of the patient with uterine myoma
>to develop our sense of unselfish love and empathy in rendering
nursing care to our patient so that we may able to serve future clients
with higher level of HOLSTC UNDRSTANDNG AS WLL AS
NDVDUALZD CAR.
> Define what is uterine myoma
>Trace the pathophysiology of uterine myoma
>numerate the different signs and symptoms of uterine myoma
>To learn new clinical skills as weel as sharpen our current clinical skills
required in the management of the patient with uterine myoma
>to develop our sense of unselfish love and empathy in rendering
nursing care to our patient so that we may able to serve future clients
with higher level of HOLSTC UNDRSTANDNG AS WLL AS
NDVDUALZD CAR.