MODAL VERBS MODAL CAN BE ABLE TO CANT COULD MAY MIGHT MUST HAVE TO NEED TO NEEDNT MUSTNT DONT

HAVE TO SHOULD OUGHT TO EXAMPLES USE He can nd any street in London. Ability You can take a taxi. Suggestion Can you take me to Victoria Station? Request (peticin) He is able to nd any street in London. Ability That story cant be true. Certainty that sth is impossible I could play tennis when I was younger. Ability Could you take me to Victoria Station?. Request You could take a taxi Suggestion It may be quicker to travel by train. Possibility May I come in? Formal request It might be quicker to travel by train. Possibility You must be back at 10 oclock. Obligation Look at the snow. It must be cold outside. Certainty that sth is true You have to be back at 10 oclock. Obligation You need to study a lot. Obligation You neednt have a university degree. of obligation Lack You mustnt drive without a licence. Prohibition You dont have to call a taxi. Lack of obligation You should drive more carefully. Opinion / Advice You ought to drive more carefully. Opinion / Advice

MODAL PERFETCS MODALS MUST HAVE MIGHT / MAY HAVE COULD HAVE COULDNT HAVE SHOULD HAVE EXAMPLES USE The driver must have lost his way. A certainty or logical conclusion about an event in the past. She might / may have bought a new car. about something A guess Which happened in the past. You could have avoided that accident. ability to do something in The the past, but which in the end was not done. He couldnt have known about the A certainty that something problem. did not happen. He should have listened to me. Advice which was not They should have won the competition. followedin the past. Expectations which were not fullled in the past. You shouldnt have gone on foot. Criticism that was given after an event.

SHOULDNT HAVE

MODALS: Use must, can, have to, should and could to fill the gaps. Sometimes you may need to use them in the negative form.

1. You ___________ run faster if you weren't so lazy. 2. You ____________ leave the class before 1 o'clock. 3. You ______________ behave well in front of guests. Stop being silly. 4. You look tired. You _____________ have some sleep. 5. You failed in your final test. You ___________ have studied harder. 6. ____________ I borrow your pen? 7. We ___________ watch TV so much. 8. We ___________ not climb those mountains when we were kids. 9. The project ___________ finish in two years time. 10. Stop smoking! You really __________ not smoke. 11. Sami __________lift that heavy table. He is too weak. 12. Muneera _________ come to the party, but nobody is sure. 13. Laila _____________ not swim when she was one year old. 14. It ____________ rain in the desert sometimes, but you can't depend on it. 15. If I had enough money, I ______________ travel with my friends but now I ca n't. 16. I wish I _____________ buy a new car but i do not have any money. 17. I ______________ to study well for the exam. 18. I have no time. I ____________ leave now. My parents are waiting for me. 19. He ________________ be friendly, but he is usually unfriendly.

MODAL PERFECTS: Complete the sentences withshould/ must/ could have + past participle: 1. Gloria has won every game she's played today. She (practice) a lot. 2. I don't have anything to wear today. I

(do) the laundry.

3. Jack lost his wallet on the way to work. He bus.

(lose) it on the

4. You did very well on the exam. You 5. The Smiths choose here?

(study) a lot.

(build) their house anywhere. Why did he

6. It's hot in here today. I 7. You

(wear) a heavy sweater today.

(feed) your dog. He has been hungry all day.

8. Lucy shouldn't have stood on the broken chair. She 9. I

(fall).

(buy) more milk. I am almost out.

10.I didn't do very well on the test. I studying.

(spend) more time

Fill the gaps using should have, must have or could have. 1. Your house looks great. You

spent a lot of time painting it.

2. Michael went running in the rain. He

got sick.

3. It was so dark that I fell down the stairs. I 4. Patty

fixed the light.

gone by bus. Why did she walk?

5. I called his apartment and nobody answered. He 6. You 7. He

gone out.

shovelled the front walk. It looks so clean. stolen the car. He was with me all the time.

8. My bicycle is broken. I never 9. Jim looks happy. I think he

ridden it down the stairs. got a new job.

10.The chocolate cake is all gone! Someone

eaten it.