In automotive application, thermistor is used for measuring the temperature.

Temperature sensors measure engine coolant temperature, intake air temperature and exhaust gas recirculation etc. The NTC type of sensor is used and resistance is higher at lower temperature. The decrease in the resistance causes decrease in the voltage. The temperature sensor circuit is tested for Open circuit method. Short circuit method

Open cicuit method

1 Open circuit To find the fault in the system, the jumper wire connected across the temperature terminals. The temperature should go in the high there is a problem in the circuit. Open circuit is for low temperatures. Short circuit method

Short circuit method

In an open circuit testing, as temperature increases there are no decrease in the resistance. This means that the circuit becomes shot and the sensor is not working properly. Short circuit is for high temperatures. Need for the fault detection circuits and its advantages /disadvantages The basic need of the fault detection circuits gives reliability. Sensors used in the automotive system should be reliable, accurate, sensitive etc for maximum tome period. Sensors are exposed to water, dust and other materials; it fails to perform its operation. This failure is identified by the fault detecting circuit. The fault detecting circuit is very essential in the automotive industry. Now a day in vehicles, large numbers of sensors are used for various applications. So it is difficult task to monitor the failure of each sensor. To overcome this, need a fault detecting circuit which helps in detection of the failure of each sensor in the vehicle and replace the fault sensors.

The advantages are Protection of the system from the malfunctioning in the sensors. It makes the system stable by monitoring of the sensor with the accuracy, sensitivity and other performance parameters. Using the resistors, capacitors and amplifiers, are made up of semiconductors. So small circuits are cost effective. The disadvantages are The circuit itself is a fault. It means that fault detection circuit is faulty then it gives improper error values to the ECU. So the system fails to detect the faults in the sensor. Each of the sensors has many performance characteristics. For controlling of the each performance requires individual fault detection circuits. For this sensor system becomes more complex from these circuits. Sensor requires power for its operation. And fault detection circuit also requires power to operate. So the power consumption in the system is more. For each characteristics of the sensor requires separate circuits. So the size and weight of the system becomes large. By using MEMS technology, all the circuits are made to integrate on the chip. But the cost becomes more than sensor.

Market growth and challenges in design and development of the fault detection circuits The market growth is defined as an increase in the demand of a particular product over a time. The number of the sensors and actuators are using in the vehicles increasing day by day. In 2010, more than 12 billion dollar used for sensor development. For good sensor, the sensor must be reliable and operating in all conditions. By monitoring this sensor circuit is required. The money spent for sensor development also consists of development of fault detecting circuits. The challenges are The circuit is as simple as possible. The single circuit that can used for multi operation. The faults detect circuit that can be integrated on the sensor only.

Conclusion By observing of the survey on the fault detecting circuits are very essential for the proper functioning of the system. And also it helps to increase safety and performance. But the circuit only detects the problems not diagnosing. In future development, self diagnosis can be achieved with the help of fault detecting circuits.