TITLE: DETERMINATION OF CREATININE IN URINE INTRODUCTION:

Creatinine is a naturally occurring amino acid (protein building block) that's found in meat and fish, and also made by the human body in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. It is converted into creatine phosphate or phosphocreatine and stored in the muscles, where it is used for energy. During high-intensity, short-duration exercise, such as lifting weights or sprinting, phosphocreatine is converted into ATP, a major source of energy within the human body. Because the creatine is excreted from the body at a constant rate, there are expected values for creatine in normal human urine (creatine values greater than 20mg/dL). So, by this experiment the characteristic property possed by creatine of yielding a certain definite color reaction in the presence of picric acid in alkaline solution is measured.this is due to the formation of a red/orange solution of creatinine picrate that can be measured. OBJECTIVE: 1. To determine creatinine value in urine using spectrophotometer. RESULTS: STANDARD BLANK CREATININE ABSORBANCE STANDARD 0 1 2 3 4 5 VALUE 0.0000 0.020 0.033 0.048 0.086 0.087

Sample reading: 0.0650

DISSCUSSION Based on the result, the solution obtain is an orange solution which is the result that obtained from the reaction in the presence of picric acid in alkali solution. Formation of orange solution of creatinine picrate are measured using spectrometer at the wavelength of 520nm. The blank sample is 0.000 to 0.087 and my urine sample is 0.065. By using the standard creatinine preparation, standard curved graph can be draw. In the absence of kidney disease, the urinary creatinine is excreted in rather constant amounts and represents glomerular filtration and active tubular excretion of kidney. Because the creatinine is excereted from the body at constant rate, there are expected from the body at a constant rate, there are expected values for creatinine in normal human urine (creatinine values greater than 20mg/dL). Therefore, I have obtained a low result as my reading is 0.38mg/dL which is lower than 20mg/dL. If the kidneys are damaged and cannot work normally, the amount of creatinine in urine will decrease while its level in blood will arise. Abnormal results of urine creatinine are nonspecific, but may be due to any of the following conditions such as Glomerulonephritis, high meat diet, kidney failure and muscular dystrophy. In order to prevent the low creatinine levels, the individuals must consume proteinrich foods to elevate the creatinine levels. Foods such as chicken, lean beef and legumes are ideal sources lowered levels to show in urine testing. Moreover, drink plenty of water daily is one of the way to increase creatinine levels. However, the reading of my creatinine level is too low make me feel that it must due to the errors that occur during experiment like hold the cuvets by hand, that may affect during the machine reading the result. Anyhow, I should concern about this problem to maintain the health. So, it is important to keep our creatinine levels increase or higher than 20mg/mL.

REFERENCES: 1-Harita, N.; Hayashi, T.; Sato, K. K.; Nakamura, Y.; Yoneda, T.; Endo, G.; Kambe, H. (2008).
[care.diabetesjournals.org/content/32/3/424 "Lower Serum Creatinine is a New Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes: the Kansai Healthcare Study"]. Diabetes Care 32: 424

2- Gross JL, de Azevedo MJ, Silveiro SP, Canani LH, Caramori ML, Zelmanovitz T (2005). "Diabetic nephropathy:
diagnosis, prevention, and treatment". Diabetes Care 28 (1): 16476.

3-http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003610.htm
4-http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/liverandkidney/203337.html 5-http://www.livestrong.com/article/295007-how-to-raise-low-urinary-creatinine-levels/