The terminal velocity of a falling body occurs during free fall when a falling body experiences zero acceleration.

This is because of the retarding force known as air resistance. Air resistance exists because air molecules collide into a falling body creating an upward force opposite gravity. This upward force will eventually balance the falling body's weight. It will continue to fall at constant velocity known as the terminal velocity.

Terminal Velocity After jumping from the aircraft the skydiver increases speed up to a steady maximum called terminal velocity. The downward force of gravity (the Weight) is balanced by the upward force of air resistance (the Drag)

A Hooke's Law Spring Determine the Spring Constant

Hooke's Law states that the restoring force of a spring is directly proportional to a small displacement. In equation form, we write

F = -kx
where x is the size of the displacement. The proportionality constant k is specific for each spring. The object of this virtual lab is to determine the spring constant k. Displacement is measured in centimeters. Each of the blue weights has a mass of 50 grams. The gray virtual weight hanger has no mass. Snapshots of the lab are found in the four figures that follow.

50 grams mass is 2 cm displacement.

100 grams mass is 4 cm displacement.

150 grams mass is 6 cm displacement.

200 grams mass is 8 cm displacement.

Mass (grams) 50 100 150 200

Displacement (cm) 2 4 6 8

These data have been entered into the table to the left. For each snapshot above the downward pull of gravity is balanced by the upward pull of the spring. A force or free-body diagram of this is shown on the righthand side. Note that the restoring spring force is given by Hooke's Law as kx.

Conservation of Energy with Examples

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY THEOREM Nothing can be destroyed or created in the universe like energy. Suppose that a ball falls from height of 2m, it has only potential energy at the beginning,

however, as it falls it gains kinetic energy and its velocity increases. When it hits the ground it has only kinetic energy. Well, where is the potential energy that it has at the beginning? It is totally converted to the kinetic energy, as said in the first sentence nothing can be destroyed or created they just change form. Thus, our potential energy also changes its forms from potential to the kinetic energy. In summary, energy of the system is always constant, they can change their forms but amount of total energy does not change.

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY THEOREM

Nothing can be destroyed or created in the universe like energy. Suppose that a ball falls from height of 2m, it has only potential energy at the beginning, however, as it falls it gains kinetic energy and its velocity increases. When it hits the ground it has only kinetic energy. Well, where is the potential energy that it has at the beginning? It is totally converted to the kinetic energy, as said in the first sentence nothing can be destroyed or created they just change form. Thus, our potential energy also changes its forms from potential to the kinetic energy. In summary, energy of the system is always constant, they can change their forms but amount of total energy does not change.

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY THEOREM Nothing can be destroyed or created in the universe like energy. Suppose that a ball falls from height of 2m, it has only potential energy at the beginning, however, as it falls it gains kinetic energy and its velocity increases. When it hits the ground it has only kinetic energy. Well, where is the potential energy that it has at the beginning? It is totally converted to the kinetic energy, as said in the first sentence nothing can be destroyed or created they just change form. Thus, our potential energy also changes its forms from potential to the kinetic energy. In summary, energy of the system is always constant, they can change their forms but amount of total energy does not change.

We use conservation of energy in solution of this problem. Einitial=Efinal Einitial=Ep+Ek=mgh+1/2mv Efinal=0 Einitial=2kg.10m/s.8m+1/2.2kg. (2m/s) Work done by friction=Einitial Einitial=164joule Wfriction=.N.X=0,4.2kg.10m/s.X=Ei 8. X=164joule X=20,5m Block slides 20,5m in horizontal Example: Find the final velocity of the box from the given picture.

We again use the conservation of energy theorem. Einitial must be equal to the Efinal. Einitial=Ek=1/2mv Efinal=Ek+Ep=1/2mv+mgh

Ei=1/2.2kg. (10m/s) =100joule

Efinal=1/2.2kg.v+2kg.10m/s.4m=80+v 100=80+v v=25m/s Example: Find the amount of compression of the spring if the ball does free fall from 4m and compresses the spring.

From the conservation of energy law we can find the amount of springs

Potential Energy

Potential energy is stored energy and the Kinetic energy is motion of waves, energy of position gravitational energy. molecules, objects, substances, and There are several forms of potential objects. energy.

Kinetic Energy