: 1 OF 4

EARTHING CALCULATION

Objective: The objective of this calculation 1. To design the earthing conductor for transformer Body and Neutral. 2. To design the main earth grid conductor size. SIZING OF TRANSFORMER BODY EARTHING CONDUCTOR The Transformer body should withstand the highest fault current among the HT side or LT side. Considering the LT Earthing system should withstand 45KA for 1 sec. The Earthing conductor required Where, S I K . K = = = = cross-section Area in Sq.mm Fault current in Amps Factor dependent on material of protective conductor insulation and other parts and initial and final temperatures and duration / sec Qc (B + 20 )ln 1+ Where Qc B
20 1 t 20

S= I x t K

( t - 1) B+
1

= = = = =

Volumetric heat capacity of conductor material (J/c mm3 ) Reciprocal of temp. Co-efficient of resistivity of conductor ( Electrical resitivity of conductor material at 200 C ( -mm) Initial temperature of conductor ( Final temperature of conductor (
0 0 0

C)

C)

C)

FOR GI STRIP : B Qc
20 1 t

= = = = =

202 3.8 x 10-3 138 x 10-6 5000 C 400 C

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EARTHING CALCULATION

3.8 x 10-3 (202 + 20 ) 138 x 10-6

ln

500-40 1+ 202+40

3.8 x 10-3 x 222 138 x 10-6

ln (1+1.9)

= =

6113.04 78.9

Therefore, area of cross-section required S = 45000 x 1 78.9 The Conductor Chosen = = 2 Runs of 50 X 6 G.I Flat 600 Sq.mm = 570.34 Sq.mm

Therefore Conductor chosen is in line with the cross section area required. SIZING OF TRANSFORMER NEUTRAL EARTHING CONDUCTOR The 415V system is solidly earthed. The ground fault current will be of the order of symmetrical short circuit current and hence, 3 phase symmetrical fault current can be considered as single line to ground fault for solidly earthed system. The 3 phase symmetrical fault level at 415V is considered as 50KA. Hence the neutral earthing must withstand 50KA unit the fault is cleared. Duration of 1 sec. Is considered for sizing the transformer neutral earthing. Body should withstand the highest fault current among the HT side or LT side. The LT earthing system should withstand 50KA for 1 sec.

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EARTHING CALCULATION

The neutral earthing conductor required Where, S I K . FOR COPPER STRIP : B Qc K

20 1 t

=Ixt K

= = =

cross-section Area in Sq.mm Fault current in Amps Factor dependent on material of protective conductor insulation and other parts and initial and final temperatures and duration / sec

= = = = = =

234 3.45 x 10-3 17.241 x 10-6 3950 C 400 C 3.45 x 10-3 x 254 ln 17.241 x 10-6 1+ (234 +40) (500- 40)

3.45 x 10-3 x 254 17.241 x 10-6

ln (1+1.567)

223.79

Therefore, area of cross-section required S = 50000 x 1 223.79 The Conductor Chosen = = 2 Runs of 50 X 6 Cu Flat 600 Sq.mm = 223.42 Sq.mm

Therefore Conductor chosen is in line with the cross section area required.

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EARTHING CALCULATION

SIZING OF EARTH GRID CONDUCTOR BASED ON HT SYSTEM. The maximum fault current for which Earthing system is to be designed Fault clearing time Therefore Conductor size S = = = 40 KA 1 Sec. It ----K

Where,

S = I = K = T =

Cross-sectional area in sq.mm Fault current in amps (as per design basis) Factor depend on the material of protective conductor = 80 as per table 6A (page 31 of IS3043) Operating time of disconnecting device is 1 sec.

Substituting the values : S = 40000 1 -----------78.9 = 506.97 sq.mm

Considering 20% extra for corrosion factor, then S = 507 x 1.2 Cross section of Earthing conductor required = 608.4 sq.mm

60T.4 Sq.mm

The Conductor selected for buried earth grid is 75 x 10 Sq.mm GI Flat, single run of which has area of 750 Sq.mm. Hence, Single Run of 75 x 10 Sq.mm GI Flat is adequate to meet the requirements.