Vertical Loads
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Beam design
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Foundation types
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Progressive Collapse
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Skeleton frame
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And evolving
Dead Loads
Given: Dimensions and materials Find: Dead Load on Beam Solution:
Look up materials Multiply by the tributary areas Sum
Fordham Spire
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Dead Loads
Example [Coleman]: A floor spandrel (perimeter) beam supports a 4-ft width of 6-in thick concrete slab, the same tributary width of acoustical fiber board ceiling system and a 6 ft height of exterior masonry wall composed of 4-in thick and 8 in concrete block (heavy weight) of 55 psf. Calculate the dead load on the beam.
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Solution
Concrete Slab = 6 in x 12 psf/in x 4 ft =288 lb/ft Ceiling = 1 psf x 4 ft = 4 lb/ft Brick wall = 39 psf x 6 ft = 234 lb/ft Block wall = 55 psf x 6 ft = 330 lb/ft Total Load = 872 lb/ft
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Solution
Tributary area at each level for the interior column is 30 ft by 30 ft = 900 ft2 The roof load = area x dead load = 900 ft2 x 50 psf = 45,000 lbs The floor load = area x dead load = 2 floors x 900 ft2 x 50 psf = 90,000 lbs Total column load = 135,000 lbs
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Live Loads
Definition: Loads produced by the use and occupancy of the building May be uniform or concentrated Non-permanent loads, such as
People Furniture Vehicles Minor equipment
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Solution
Restaurant = 100 psf Ballroom = 100 psf Corridors = 100 psf Guest rooms = 40 psf Guest corridors = 40 psf
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L = reduced design live lod per sq. ft. of area supported by member L0 = unreduced design live load ...(Table 4 - 1) K LL = live load element factor (Table 4 - 2) AT = tributary area
1 for AT 200 ft 2 where R1 = 1.2 0.001AT for 200 ft 2 < AT < 600 ft 2 0.6 for AT 600 ft 2 1 for F 4 R2 = 1.2 0.05F for 4 < F < 12 0.6 for F 12 F number of inches of rise per foot for a sloped roof
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Area discussion
ASCE7 used to distinguish between an influence area AI and a tributary area AT for live loads -- see the commentary. However, the latest ASCE7 modified the LL equation to include the tributary area only. Since some building codes still use the notion of influence area, we will discuss it.
Breyer, et al. (2004)
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Exposure Factor
Thermal Factor
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General
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General
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Summary
Introduction to ASCE7-10 Dead and Live Loads
Tributary areas--load path Tables for use Effect of moving live loads (cars) determined by influence line procedures
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References
ASCE7 Structural Systems Design, Coleman [out of print] Fundamentals of Structural Design, L.A. Hill, Jr. [out of print] Army Manual TM 5-809-10
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