Vergils Aeneid

in somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector In my sleep, look, before me the eyes of most sorrowful Hector visus adesse mihi largosque effundere fletus seemed to be there before me and to be weeping copious tears raptatus bigis ut quondam aterque cruento pulvere perque pedes As once before, having been dragged along by the two horse chariot and blackened with bloodstained dirt pulvere perque pedes traiectus lora tumentes. And pierced through his swelling feet with thongs. ei mihi, qualis erat, quantum mutatus ab illo Ah me, in what a state he was in, how greatly changed from that Hectore qui redit exuvias indutus Achilli Hector who returned wearing the spoil of Achilles vel Danaum Phrygios iaculatus puppibus ignes ! or having tossed Phrygian fire brands on the decks of Greek ships.

in somnisHector- heaving assonance, making line drag to show grief/sleep. raptatus- emphasises the awful humiliation ab illo /Hectore Emphatic to Hector as the o is not lost due to elision. HectoreAchilli Hector and Achilles at opposite ends of the sentence vel Danaum ignes !- Words tangled up like in the battle Phyrgios iaculatus puppibus ignes ! hissing sibilant sounds like spitting fire

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squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crines Now bearing an unkempt beard and hair matted with blood vulneraque ille gerens, quae circum plurima muros and bearing those many many wounds which he sustained around the walls accepit patrios. ultro flens ipse videbar of his gatherland. I, spontaneously weeping myself, seemed compellare virum et maestas expromere voces : to address the hero first and to express sorrowful words.

concretos crines shows that hair is matted with blood, words matted together. patrios emphasised, shows suffering in aid of fatherland, Aeneas searching for new fatherland also ironically here. flens- links back to Hectors tears, shows Aeneas great sadness for Hector expromere- drawn out sounds creates atmospheric tension

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diverso interea miscentur moenia luctu, Meanwhile, the city walls are in turmoil with grief on all sides et magis atque magis, quamquam secreta parentis and more and more, although the house of my father Anchisses Anchisae domus arboribusque obtecta recessit, was secluded and overshadowed by trees, clarescunt sonitus armorumque ingruit horror. the sounds grow clearer and the horrifying clash of arms advances. excutior somno et summi fastigia tecti I am jolted out of sleep and by scrambling up, I surmount the gables of the rooftop ascensu supero atque arrectis auribus asto : and stand there with ears pricked:

miscentur- vivid present adds drama domus arborisque obctecta recessit he is protected by trees, it is secluded yet he still is able to hear the sounds of war claresecunt sonitus armorque harsh words like clanging of armous and weapons. excutior violent summi fastigia tecti- shows altitutde atque arrectis aurribus asto alliteration of a adds emphasis to what is a very animalistic response: his ears have been pricked like a dog. Animals often sense impending doom also.

Vergils Aeneid

in segetem veluti cum flamma furentibus Austris It was just like when a tongue of flame falls upon the crop with South Winds raging incidit, aut rapidus montano flumine torrens or when a whirling torrent from a mountain river sternit agros, stternit sata laeta boumque labores flattens the fields, flattens the joyous crops and the toil of the oxen praecipitesque trahit silvas ; stupet inscius alto and drags the woods headlong. Uncomprehendingly, the shepherd is dumbfounded accipiens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor. hearing the noise from the highest peak of a rock

in segetem incidit repetition of in relates sentences to each other Austris incidit- enajambment leaves reader waiting for verb, strong pull to next sentence, like the destructive forces being described. flamma flumine-opposites of each other. Flames are also personified. sternit sternit- repetition reduces the description to one level like the crops laeta- personification of the crops and their falling. Juxtaposition with labores is also surprising. praecipitesque- headlong shows dragging along of the tree limbs in the water pastor- delay until end of sentence makes him seem isolates and alone.

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tum vero manifesta fides, Danaumque patescunt Then indeed the truth of the situation became clear, and the trickery of the Greeks insidiae. iam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam was laid bare. Now the spacious house of Deiphobus crashed into ruins Volcano superante domus, iam proximus ardet as Vulcan overwhelmed it: and now next to it Ucalegon; Sigea igni freta lata relucent. (the house of) Ucalegon; the wide straits of Sigium blazed with fire exoritur clamorque virum clangorque tubarum. There arose the din of men and the blast of trumpets.

patescunt- vivid present est left out, speeds up sentence. iam- emphasis, shows this destruction is happening all the time Volcano- personification of fire, foreshadowing of the fact that gods do not like Anchisses Ucalagon- only name used, shows personal calamity

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arms amens capio; nec sat rationis in armis, Out of my mind, I seized my weapons, (in hindsight) there was not enough reason sed glomerare manum bello et concurre in arcem but my spirit is on fire to gether together a band of men for war and to run together cum osciis ardent animi; furor iraque mentem with allis to the citadel; madness and wrath spurred on my mind praecipitat, pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis. And it dawned on me that it was a fine thing to die in battle.

Vivid present makes events seem like that are occurring now, and adds dramatic effect arma armis- ephatic sed- contrast ardent..furor- literal words made metaphorical, adds effect

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tum vero omne mihi visum considere in ignes Then indeed all Ilium seemed to me to sink into the fires Ilium et ex imo verti Neptunia Troia: and Neptumes Troy seemed to be overturned from the very bottom ac veluti summis antiquam in montibus ornum It was just like when woodmen strive in rivalry to uproot an ancient Roman mountain Ash cum ferro accisam crebrisque bipennibus instant on the tops of the mountains, hacked with repeated blows of double edges iron axes eruere agricolae certatim, illa usque miniatur And the tree at every movement threatens to topple et tremefacta comam concusso vertice nutat, and shuddering with its top vigorously shaken, nods its foliage vulneribus donec paulatim evicta supremum until, little by little, overcome by its wounds, it has given a last groan and has crashed congemuit traxitque iugis avulse ruinam down in ruin, torn away from the ridge.

tum vero- marks precise moment when Troy is beyond saving Neptunia Troia Neptune encaptures all of Troys history with implication that it was doomed from the start due to Laomedons trickery antiquam- old like Troy is old nutat tree is compared to a woman bipennibus- mention of weapons reminds reader of the current sacking of Troy hacked by iron and by frequent double edged axes- hendiadys (using two nouns to express one idea) calls attention to the brutality

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descendo ad ducente deo flammam inter et hostes and with the goddess leading me, I am deftly guided between fire and the enemy expedior: dant tela locum flammaeque recedunt. The weapons gave way and the flames receded. atque ubi iam patriae perventum ad limina sedis And now, when I arrived at the threshold of my fathers abode antiquasque domos, genitor, quem tollere in altos and his ancient halls, my father, whom I desired to take optabam primum montes primumque petebam up first into the high mountain and who I was looking for first, abnegat excise vitam producer Troia refused, now that Troy had been destroyed to prolong his death and exsiliumque pati. to endure exile.

descendo, expedior vivid present recedunt- receeding at end of sentence perventum- est left out, adds speed. limina impersonal use of the word. primum primumque- emphasises Aeneass desire to take his father to safety first abnegat- vivid word, placed at beginning of sentence, highlights the surprising nature of the refusal

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vos o, quibus integer aevi You, whose lifeblood is untouched by age, he said sanguis, ait solidaeque suo stant robore vires, and stands firm with its own vigour vos agitate fugam you, must set your flight in motion me si caelicolae voluissent ducere vitam, if the celestials had wanted me to continue my life has mihi servassent sedes. satis una superque they would have saved these abodes for me. I have seen one sack of the city vidimus excidia et captae superavimus urbi. that was enough and more than enough and I have survived one capture of the city. sic o sic positum adfati discedite corpus. Depart from my body, laid like this.