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Forecasts for the UK economy:

a comparison of independent forecasts

compiled by the Macroeconomic Prospects Team


hm-treasury.gov.uk/forecasts

No. 295
November 2011

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e-mail: psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk.
ISBN 978-1-84532-913-6
PU797

CONTENTS
Medium-term forecasts, November 2011
Page
Summary Page: Short-term forecasts
Table 1 - 2011: Growth in GDP and its components (% change)
Table 2 - 2011: Growth in prices and monetary indicators (% change)
Table 3 - 2011: Growth in other selected variables (% change)
Table 4 - 2012: Growth in GDP and its components (% change)
Table 5 - 2012: Growth in prices and monetary indicators (% change)
Table 6 - 2012: Growth in other selected variables (% change)
Average of independent forecasts for 2011; GDP growth, CPI and RPI inflation and claimant unemployment
Average of independent forecasts for 2011; Current account and PSNB (2011-12)
Average of independent forecasts for 2012; GDP growth, CPI and RPI inflation and claimant unemployment
Average of independent forecasts for 2012; Current account and PSNB (2012-13)
Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2011; GDP growth, CPI and RPI inflation made in last 3 months
Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2011; Claimant unemployment, current account and PSNB (2011-12) made in last 3 months
Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2012; GDP growth, CPI and RPI inflation made in last 3 months
Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2012; Claimant unemployment, current account and PSNB (2012-13) made in last 3 months

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Summary Page: Medium-term Forecasts


Table M1: Medium-term forecasts for GDP and the GDP deflator
Table M2: Medium-term forecasts for domestic demand and net trade contribution
Table M3: Medium-term forecasts for CPI and RPI inflation
Table M4: Medium-term forecasts for the sterling index and official Bank rate
Table M5: Medium-term forecasts for claimant unemployment
Table M6: Medium-term forecasts for house price inflation
Table M7: Medium-term forecasts for the current account
Table M8: Medium-term forecasts for PSNB
Table M9: Medium-term forecasts for the output gap
Average of medium-term forecasts for GDP growth, CPI inflation and claimant unemployment
Average of medium-term forecasts for the current account and PSNB

18

Annex 1:
Annex 2:
Annex 3:
Annex 4:

Forecasting institutions referred to in charts and tables


Data definitions
Notation used in tables
Organisation contact details

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

Please note that Forecasts for the UK economy is a summary of published material reflecting the views of the forecasting organisations themselves
and does not in any way provide new information on the Treasurys own views. It contains only a selection of forecasters, which is subject to
review. No significance should be attached to the inclusion or exclusion of any particular forecasting organisation. HM Treasury accepts no
responsibility for the accuracy of material published in this comparison.

The averages and ranges in this document may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproduced accurately
and not used in a misleading context. The data remain the copyright of those organisations providing it - permission to reproduce it must be
sought from both HM Treasury and the providers of the original data.

Users should note that the Treasury crest (which incorporates the Royal Coat of Arms) may not be used or reproduced for any
purpose without specific permission. Permission to use or reproduce the Treasury crest should be sought from HM Treasury.
Forecasts for the UK economy is compiled and coordinated by Mohammad Jamei. Please direct enquiries on the content of this
issue to Mohammad Jamei (020 7270 5404, Mohammad.Jamei@hmtreasury.gsi.gov.uk).

The next edition will be published on 21st December 2011. It will also be available on the Treasurys website:
http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/forecasts.
PU797 ISBN 978-1-84532-913-6

FORECASTS FOR THE UK ECONOMY


A comparison of independent forecasts, November 2011
This edition of the comparison contains 21 new forecasts, all of which were received between November 1st and
November 11th 2011. The tables below summarise the average and range of independent forecasts for 2011 and
2012 and show the average of this months new forecasts.
Forecasts for 2011
Independent+
November

October

Lowest

Highest

Average of
new*
forecasts

1.0

1.0

0.6

1.6

1.0

- CPI

4.7

4.6

4.2

5.0

4.8

- RPI

5.3

5.3

4.8

5.7

5.4

Claimant unemployment (Q4: mn)

1.62

1.61

1.51

1.76

1.62

Current account (bn)

-22.4

-32.4

-62.9

-3.3

-18.2

PSNB (2011-12: bn)

128.0

128.1

110.0

146.0

127.8

Averages

GDP growth (per cent)

November

Inflation rate (Q4: per cent)

Forecasts for 2012


Independent+
N
November
b

O
October
b

L
Lowest

Hi h
Highest

Average of
new*
forecasts

1.2

1.5

-0.4

2.3

1.0

- CPI

2.2

2.2

0.7

3.4

2.2

- RPI

2.8

2.9

0.8

4.0

2.7

Claimant unemployment (Q4: mn)

1.70

1.65

1.40

1.98

1.74

Current account (bn)

-17.7

-25.6

-43.2

27.5

-14.5

PSNB (2012-13: bn)

112.8

110.7

85.0

146.4

112.1

Averages

GDP growth (per cent)

November

Inflation rate (Q4: per cent)

+ Independent averages, and the range of forecasts, are based on forecasts made in the last three months
(November: 21 institutions, October: 7 institutions, September: 3 institutions).
*Calculated from new forecasts received for the comparison this month.
Note: All the averages given are the mean and exclude non-standard entries except for house-price inflation (see
notation).

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

1.0
1.0
0.9

-1.0
-1.1
-1.1

1.6
0.6
0.9
1.7

Output Gap (as % of

-1.2
-0.6
-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-0.1
-0.6
-1.2
-0.8
-1.0
1.5 c
-1.0
-1.2
-1.1
0.2
-

0.1
0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
-

-0.9
-0.5
-0.7
-0.8
-0.8
0.6
-0.1
-0.4
-0.5
-0.4
-0.8
-0.6
-0.6
0.4
-

5.0
5.3
5.5
5.5
4.4
5.2
4.2
5.4
5.1
5.6
4.9
4.9
5.1
8.0
-

3.0
1.4
0.6
0.1
0.3
1.5
0.1
2.1
0.4
0.7
-0.2
0.2
0.2
4.0
-

1.5
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
0.9
-

-1.5
-1.6
-4.0
-

1.5
1.7
1.7

-0.9
-1.0
-1.3

-0.1
-0.2
-0.2

-0.6
-0.6
-0.7

5.3
5.1
5.1

0.7
0.4
0.3

1.3
1.3
1.3

-1.7
-1.7
-2.3

-0.1
-1.8
-1.1

3.7
0.2
1.6

4.0
-2.6
-1.2

0.2
-0.4
-0.2

0.6
-1.3
-0.6

7.5
4.2
5.2

3.7
-0.3
0.4

1.7
0.4
1.4

-0.5
-2.3
-1.8

0.6

0.8

2.3

0.2

1.1

7.9

5.0

0.7

-3.9

potential GDP)

-0.7
-1.2
-1.3
-1.5
-2.3
4.0
0.0
-0.2
-0.9
-1.1
5.4 d
-1.8
-1.4
-1.6
1.7
-

GDP)

-2.3
-3.2
-3.7 k
-3.2
-2.3
-0.5
-2.0
-

contribution (% of
1.6
1.6
0.4
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.0
1.5
1.6
1.5
0.9
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.5
0.6
1.2

Net trade

-0.1
-0.1
0.7
0.3
1.9
1.2
0.2
-0.2
0.8
1.5
5.5
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.8
-0.3
-0.3
3.7
2.6

GDP)

5.3
4.5
5.7
4.8
7.9
4.9
5.4
4.2
5.9
7.2
9.7
5.8
5.1
5.0
5.6
5.4
4.9
6.4
7.5

contribution (% of

-0.8
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.7
-0.7
-0.7
-0.4
-0.7
0.9
-0.7
-0.5
-0.5
-0.6
-1.3
-0.8
0.5
-0.1

Fixed investment

-0.1
-0.2
0.1
-0.3
-0.2
-0.5
-0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.4
-0.3
-0.3
0.2
0.1

consumption

1.5
-1.7
-1.5
-2.6
-1.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.8
-1.1
-1.3
1.9
3.5
-1.4
-1.8
-1.3
-0.9
-1.2
-1.2
1.5
0.3

Government

Total imports

0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.6
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.5
0.9
0.9
0.7
1.4 ^
1.1

Total exports

-1.0
-1.2
-1.5
-1.1
-1.3
-0.7
-0.6
-1.0
-0.8
-1.4
-0.9
0.1
-1.3
-1.0
-1.2
-1.1
-1.8
-1.4
-0.1
-0.6

Domestic demand

1.3
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.1

Change in inventories

Private consumption

Forecasters and dates of forecasts

GDP

Table 1 - 2011: Growth in GDP and its components (% change)

City forecasters
Bank of America - Merrill Lynch
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
Deutsche Bank
Goldman Sachs
HSBC
ING Financial Markets
J P Morgan
Lombard Street
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders Investment Management
Scotia Capital
Societe Generale
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Jul
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Sep
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*

0.4
1.7
1.5
2.3
2.2
0.1
0.8
1.7
1.8
1.6
0.3
0.8
1.4
1.6
2.0
3.7
1.4
2.0
0.3
0.4

Non-City forecasters
British Chambers of Commerce
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CBI
CEBR
Economic Perspectives
Experian Business Strategies
EIU
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics
EC
OECD
IMF

Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jun
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

0.2
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
0.4
0.7
1.4
1.4
1.7
-2.9 m
1.7
1.6
1.5
0.2
-

Average of forecasts made in the last 3 months


Independent
New (marked *)
City
Range of forecasts made in the last 3 months
Highest
Lowest
Median
OBR

Mar

^ OECD growth forecast is from the May 2011 OECD Economic Outlook. The OECD's Spetember 2011 Interim Economic Outlook forecast is for GDP growth of 0.9 per cent in
2011.

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

Average earnings

4.5
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.9
4.0
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.2
4.7

5.0
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.0
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.4

5.7
5.4
5.6
5.4
4.6
5.2
5.5
4.4
5.3
5.5
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.5

2.4
0.8
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.0
3.0
2.7
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.3
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.1

82.6
78.0
79.6
78.5
78.5
81.0 g
79.6
80.0
-

0.75
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

100.0
113.5
109.1
110.0
112.0
111.0
115.0
110.0
112.0
108.0
113.0
-

-1.0
-0.9
2.6
-0.7
9.6 k
1.0
2.8
-

4.6
4.6
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.2
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.2
3.9
4.5 h

5.4
4.9
5.5
4.8
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.7
5.0
-

5.5
5.2
5.5
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.2
5.0
5.1
5.2
-

2.7
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
-3.0
5.4
1.1 j
1.3
2.0
-

79.5
79.6
-2.0 w
75.0
80.2
78.0
79.6
79.4
80.5 k
81.0
-

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.90
0.50
0.50
-

105.0
110.9
111.7
105.0
95.0
107.9
108.5
110.9
108.7 n
110.2
111.1
80.0
-

2.2
3.0
-1.1
-1.6
-

4.7
4.8
4.8

5.3
5.4
5.4

5.4
5.4
5.5

2.3
2.5
2.4

79.3
79.2
79.7

0.5
0.5
0.5

109.0
109.2
110.1

0.1
0.0
-0.4

5.0
4.2
4.7

5.7
4.8
5.4

5.7
5.0
5.4

5.4
-3.0
2.5

82.6
75.0
79.6

0.90
0.50
0.50

115.0
95.0
110.5

3.0
-1.6
-0.8

3.9

4.7

3.9

2.0

81.1

M4

RPIX (Q4)

Oil price (Brent, $/bbl)

RPI (Q4)

Official Bank rate


(Q4, %)

CPI (Q4)

Forecasters and dates of forecasts

Sterling index (Q4)


(Jan 2005=100)

Table 2 - 2011: Growth in prices and monetary indicators (% change)

City forecasters
Bank of America - Merrill Lynch
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
Deutsche Bank
Goldman Sachs
HSBC
ING Financial Markets
J P Morgan
Lombard Street
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders Investment Management
Scotia Capital
Societe Generale
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Jul
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Sep
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
British Chambers of Commerce
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CBI
CEBR
Economic Perspectives
Experian Business Strategies
EIU
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics
EC
OECD
IMF

Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jun
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Average of forecasts made in the last 3 months


Independent
New (marked *)
City
Range of forecasts made in the last 3 months
Highest
Lowest
Median
OBR

Forecasts for the UK economy

Mar

November 2011

113.0 i

PSNB (bn 2011-12)

(bn)

Size of APF purchases

Current account (bn)

and services

World trade in goods

Manufacturing output

(Q4,millions)

unemployment

Claimant

Employment growth

disposable income

Real household

Forecasters and dates of forecasts

(Q4)

House price inflation

Table 3 - 2011: Growth in other selected variables (% change)

City forecasters
Bank of America - Merrill Lynch
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
Deutsche Bank
Goldman Sachs
HSBC
ING Financial Markets
J P Morgan
Lombard Street
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders Investment Management
Scotia Capital
Societe Generale
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Jul
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Sep
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*

-2.0
-2.0
-2.6
-1.1
-2.6
-1.0
-1.5
-0.5
-1.0
-0.5
-

0.7
0.5
0.3
-0.3
0.7
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.5
-0.2
0.6
0.4
0.4
-

1.60
1.54
1.60
1.66
1.63
1.55
1.63
1.51
1.60
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.60
1.52

3.1
2.7
2.8
2.2
2.8
3.1
2.9
3.0
2.2
2.4
2.1
3.8
2.1
2.8
2.4

6.0
5.8
-

-27.0
-10.5
-20.0
-3.3
-24.5
-33.0
-38.4
-4.3
-27.3
-29.0
-22.4
-29.6
-11.2
-17.0
-14.0
-29.9

200.0
275.0
275.0
200.0
275.0
200.0
250.0
275.0
200.0
275.0
275.0
245.0
275.0
250.0
200.0
-

125.0
127.6
130.0 s
133.2
132.0
132.0
125.0
121.0
122.0
126.0
118.0
125.0
128.3
125.0
126.0
128.0
125.0
110.0

-2.0
-1.6
-1.5
-2.2
-2.0
-2.5
-1.8
-1.9
-

-0.3
-0.1
-0.1
0.6
-0.4
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.5
-0.2
0.9
-

1.65
1.62
1.64
1.60
1.60
1.76
1.66
1.65
1.53
2.54
1.64
7.90
8.10
7.80

2.5
2.5
3.0
2.8
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.3
3.0
3.1
-

4.5 o
6.6
7.0
7.6
7.0
7.4
7.5

-34.0
-22.3
-10.3
-26.0
-62.9
-24.2
-16.2
-38.3
-18.0
-18.5
-14.5
-2.5 a
-1.5 a
-2.7 a

275.0
275.0
275.0
200.0
275.0
275.0
-

126.9
132.9
129.5
146.0
132.0
129.2
129.0
129.5
128.6
120.2
141.6
125.2
8.6 a
8.7 ah
- ah

-0.9
-1.2
-0.9

-1.7
-1.7
-1.5

0.2
0.3
0.2

1.6
1.6
1.6

2.6
2.7
2.8

6.9
6.6
5.9

-22.4
-18.2
-18.1

258.1
255.8
259.4

128.0
127.8
126.6

1.3
-4.5
-0.9

-0.5
-2.6
-1.8

0.9
-0.4
0.4

1.76
1.51
1.63

3.8
2.1
2.6

7.6
5.8
7.0

-3.3
-62.9
-20.0

275.0
200.0
275.0

146.0
110.0
128.0

-2.3 hz

-0.4

-0.1

1.56

6.9

-41

122

0.6
-2.0
-1.2
1.3
-3.1
-1.0
-4.5
-2.5
-0.1
-2.3
0.6
-0.7
-

y
y
xy
y
z
xy

x
k
z
x
y
x

Non-City forecasters
British Chambers of Commerce
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CBI
CEBR
Economic Perspectives
Experian Business Strategies
EIU
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics
EC
OECD
IMF

Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jun
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

0.5
0.7
-0.7
-0.9
-2.0
-0.9
-2.1
-1.0
-0.7
-

x
z
z
k
x
z
x

hz
z

hp
hq
hq
hq

Average of forecasts made in the last 3 months


Independent
New (marked *)
City
Range of forecasts made in the last 3 months
Highest
Lowest
Median
OBR

Forecasts for the UK economy

Mar

November 2011

0.5
3.0
0.9
0.0
0.7
0.5
1.1
0.4
0.9
0.7
2.2 c
0.7
0.5
-0.5
1.1
-

-0.9
-0.9
-1.2
-1.1
-0.2
-1.2
-1.7
-1.0
-1.2
-1.0
-2.8 m
-0.9
-1.0
-1.0
-0.7
-

1.8
6.2
3.8
3.2
0.4
9.2
1.7
2.5
4.5
5.1
6.5 d
-4.9
3.0
1.1
4.2
-

1.2
1.0
1.0

0.6
0.4
0.4

-0.7
-0.6
-0.6

2.3
-0.4
1.2

3.0
-1.5
0.5

2.5

1.3

Output Gap (as % of

1.6
2.3
1.5
1.2
0.7
2.0
1.1
0.7
0.8
1.5
2.2
0.8
1.0
0.6
1.8
1.6

Net trade contribution

5.6
5.1
3.0
-2.1
3.0
5.5
2.0
2.1
4.5
4.7
8.2
6.1
2.6
3.7
2.8
1.5
4.5
1.1
4.5
4.0

0.1
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
-

0.4
2.9
0.9
0.4
0.6
1.5
0.6
0.4
0.8
1.0
-0.5
0.8
-0.4
1.2
-

3.0
8.4
5.2
4.3
2.4
2.0
3.5
2.9
2.2
5.4
1.7
3.3
3.4
6.1
-

1.5
9.9
3.4
1.7
2.0
1.1
1.7
1.5
2.1
4.1
-2.4
2.5
0.5
3.7
-

0.9
-0.6
0.5
0.8
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.0
0.4
1.3
0.2
0.9
0.6
-

-1.3
-1.5
-3.4
-

2.9
2.7
2.7

0.1
0.1
0.1

0.7
0.5
0.6

3.4
2.7
3.0

2.1
1.4
1.8

0.4
0.4
0.4

-1.9
-1.8
-2.4

3.2
-1.7
-1.0

9.2
-4.9
3.0

0.5
-0.3
0.1

2.9
-0.5
0.6

8.4
-3.3
2.9

9.9
-2.4
1.7

1.3
-0.6
0.4

-1.0
-2.7
-1.8

-1.2

6.0

0.0

1.5

6.5

2.9

1.0

-3.6

potential GDP)

-2.7
-3.7
-3.0 k
-2.8
-2.1
-1.0
-2.7
-

(% of GDP)

0.7
0.4
0.1
1.0
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.3
-0.3
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.2

GDP)

0.6
-1.0
1.9
1.7
3.6
1.2
1.1
1.6
6.5
4.0
2.4
2.1
3.7
1.9
-2.1
0.4
0.5
4.8
5.8

contribution (% of

2.1
0.0
5.1
2.8
6.7
2.8
2.0
1.4
7.2
6.5
5.6
5.0
3.9
2.9
-3.3
2.3
2.7
6.2
6.9

Fixed investment

1.0
-0.4
-0.3
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.6
1.4
0.3
1.5
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.0
1.6
1.3

consumption

0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.2
-0.2
0.0
0.3
-0.3
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.1

Government

Total imports

-1.3
-0.9
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
-2.0
-1.2
0.1
-0.8
-1.6
-1.0
-1.0
-1.6
-1.0
-0.2
3.2
-0.8
-0.3
-1.1
-1.1

Total exports

1.4
0.5
-1.5
0.1
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.2
0.0
1.5
1.4
0.4
1.4
0.4
0.1
-0.5
-0.5
1.6
1.4

Domestic demand

2.3
1.5
0.0
0.7
1.2
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.8
2.4
2.3
1.1
1.5
1.0
-0.4
0.7
0.7
1.9
1.5

Change in inventories

Private consumption

Forecasters and dates of forecasts

GDP

Table 4 - 2012: Growth in GDP and its components (% change)

City forecasters
Bank of America - Merrill Lynch
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
Deutsche Bank
Goldman Sachs
HSBC
ING Financial Markets
J P Morgan
Lombard Street
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders Investment Management
Scotia Capital
Societe Generale
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Jul
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Sep
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
British Chambers of Commerce
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CBI
CEBR
Economic Perspectives
Experian Business Strategies
EIU
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics
EC
OECD
IMF

Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jun
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Average of forecasts made in the last 3 months


Independent
New (marked *)
City
Range of forecasts made in the last 3 months
Highest
Lowest
Median
OBR

Forecasts for the UK economy

Mar

November 2011

Average earnings

2.0
2.3
1.7
2.4
2.2
1.8
2.5
1.7
1.9
1.3
2.9
1.6
2.6
2.3
2.6
0.7
2.1
1.7
1.7
2.6

3.3
3.3
2.1
3.4
2.6
3.2
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.3
4.0
2.4
3.3
3.0
3.1
0.8
3.4
1.8
3.3

3.9
2.3
3.5
2.5
2.8
2.6
2.0
2.4
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.1
3.3
1.8
3.0

2.8
2.7
1.5
2.2
2.4
3.0
3.6
2.8
2.4
3.0
3.5
2.9
3.7
3.5
2.5
2.0
2.6

82.2
78.0
82.1
79.0
84.0
81.0 g
78.5
82.0
-

1.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
1.00
0.01
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

85.0
118.5
106.3
105.0
115.0
121.0
120.0
102.0
105.0
100.0
101.0
-

1.0
3.0
3.2
3.0
8.7 k
6.0
4.6
-

2.6
1.6
2.2
1.8
3.2
2.7
3.4
2.1
1.8
2.8
1.7
1.9
2.5
1.7
2.4 h

3.3
2.0
2.9
2.7
4.0
1.9
3.6
2.8
2.5
2.5
2.2
-

3.3
2.1
2.6
2.8
4.0
3.1
3.7
2.8
2.1
3.2
2.1
2.1
-

3.0
3.0
2.5
1.5
3.0
2.1
2.7
2.7
-0.5
4.3
3.3 j
2.3
2.5
-

74.8
79.8
3.5 w
70.0
80.7
77.1
78.7
78.4
80.8 k
79.8
-

1.00
1.80
0.50
0.50
1.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
1.10
0.50
0.50
-

93.0
110.5
116.0
80.0
95.0
102.3
94.5
107.4
113.1 n
96.0
103.8
80.0
-

4.6
6.0
0.9
2.6
-

2.2
2.2
2.1

2.8
2.7
2.8

2.8
2.7
2.8

2.6
2.8
2.7

79.0
79.3
81.1

0.6
0.6
0.5

103.6
105.7
108.1

3.4
3.6
3.2

3.4
0.7
2.2

4.0
0.8
2.9

4.0
1.1
2.8

4.3
-0.5
2.7

84.0
70.0
79.3

1.80
0.01
0.50

121.0
80.0
103.0

6.0
0.9
3.0

2.2

3.4

2.7

2.2

81.0

M4

RPIX (Q4)

Oil price (Brent, $/bbl)

RPI (Q4)

Official Bank rate


(Q4, %)

CPI (Q4)

Forecasters and dates of forecasts

Sterling index (Q4)


(Jan 2005=100)

Table 5 - 2012: Growth in prices and monetary indicators (% change)

City forecasters
Bank of America - Merrill Lynch
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
Deutsche Bank
Goldman Sachs
HSBC
ING Financial Markets
J P Morgan
Lombard Street
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders Investment Management
Scotia Capital
Societe Generale
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Jul
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Sep
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
British Chambers of Commerce
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CBI
CEBR
Economic Perspectives
Experian Business Strategies
EIU
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics
EC
OECD
IMF

Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jun
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Average of forecasts made in the last 3 months


Independent
New (marked *)
City
Range of forecasts made in the last 3 months
Highest
Lowest
Median
OBR

Forecasts for the UK economy

Mar

November 2011

112.0 i

PSNB (bn 2012-13)

(bn)

Size of APF purchases

(bn)

Current account

and services

World trade in goods

Manufacturing output

(Q4,millions)

unemployment

Claimant

Employment growth

disposable income

Real household

Forecasters and dates of forecasts

(Q4)

House price inflation

Table 6 - 2012: Growth in other selected variables (% change)

City forecasters
Bank of America - Merrill Lynch
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
Deutsche Bank
Goldman Sachs
HSBC
ING Financial Markets
J P Morgan
Lombard Street
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders Investment Management
Scotia Capital
Societe Generale
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jul
Jul
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Sep
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*

4.4
-5.0
-1.8
-0.8
1.7
-2.5
-2.0
2.9
2.4
-5.7
2.4
-2.0
-

0.7
-2.0
-0.5
1.3
-0.4
1.8
1.6
1.4
0.1
0.3
-

0.6
0.0
-1.5
-0.6
-0.2
-0.1
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.2
-0.3
-0.2
-1.2
-

1.50
1.64
1.90
1.76
1.79
1.52
1.84
1.63
1.55
1.83
1.73
1.98
1.40
1.50

4.4
1.1
-1.2
1.4
0.1
3.1
0.5
3.9
1.1
2.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
1.4

3.0
4.3
-

0.4
0.4
-1.0
0.4
0.2
-0.8
1.0
0.5
-

-0.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.1
-0.2
-1.1
0.1
-0.3
-0.2
0.5
-

1.70
1.69
1.69
1.70
1.60
1.58
1.74
1.75
1.63
2.76
1.69
8.60
8.30
7.80

2.6
1.4
2.5
0.6
1.3
1.5
2.0
-0.5
1.4
2.4
1.9
-

4.5 o
14.2
5.0
5.2
4.6
4.4 o
5.8

-0.1
-1.3
-0.9

0.3
0.3
0.5

-0.2
-0.2
-0.3

1.7
1.7
1.8

1.3
1.1
1.1

7.1
-5.7
-1.5

1.8
-2.0
0.4

0.8
-1.5
-0.1

1.98
1.40
1.70

1.4

0.6

1.50

y
y
xy
y
z

x
k
z
x
y
x

-18.0
2.9
-20.0
27.5
-28.7
-24.0
-38.3
11.1
-26.0
-34.0
-9.9
-28.5
-13.6
-9.0
-12.0
-21.5

200.0
275.0
400.0
500.0
350.0
200.0
325.0
500.0
200.0
325.0
325.0
400.0
350.0
350.0
200.0
-

107.0
111.2
115.0 s
125.5
113.0
111.0
110.0
108.0
98.0
110.0
91.0
95.0
104.0
114.2
108.0
123.0
105.0
85.0

-27.0
-43.2
-8.2
-20.0
-36.4
-25.0
-25.0
-17.1
-17.8
-8.3
-17.5
-0.9 a
-0.9 a
-2.3 a

325.0
275.0
300.0
325.0
400.0
375.0
-

107.7
146.4
109.5
139.0
110.0
113.1
114.0
114.8
115.0
87.2
138.1
111.1
7.3 a
7.1 ah
-

6.0
4.2
3.7

-17.7
-14.5
-12.7

350.0
377.1
378.1

112.8
112.1
112.1

3.9
-1.2
1.3

14.2
3.0
5.0

27.5
-43.2
-20.0

500.0
200.0
337.5

146.4
85.0
111.1

6.8

-34

101

Non-City forecasters
British Chambers of Commerce
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CBI
CEBR
Economic Perspectives
Experian Business Strategies
EIU
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics
EC
OECD
IMF

Oct
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Oct
Nov
Nov
Nov
Nov
Jun
Sep

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

2.5
7.1
-1.5
2.0
2.0
1.9
-1.6
-1.8
-2.8
-

x
z
z
k
x
z
x

hz
z

hp
hq
hq
hq

Average of forecasts made in the last 3 months


Independent
New (marked *)
City
Range of forecasts made in the last 3 months
Highest
Lowest
Median
OBR

Forecasts for the UK economy

Mar

0.1 hz

November 2011

Average of independent forecasts for 2011; GDP growth,


CPI and RPI inflation and claimant unemployment
2.5

2.5

GDP growth (per cent)


2.0

1.5

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

2.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

6.0

RPI (Q4, per cent)

5.0

#REF!

6.0
5.0

#REF!

4.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

CPI (Q4, per cent)

1.0
0.0

0.0

1.75
1.70
1.65

1.75

Claimant unemployment
(Q4, millions)
#REF!
#DIV/0!

1.65

#REF!

1.60
1.55

1.70

1.60
#REF!

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.45

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

10

Average of independent forecasts for 2011; Current account


and PSNB (2011-12)
-15

-15

Current account (billion)


-20

-25

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

-20

-25

-30

-30

-35

-35

200

180

PSNB (2011-12, billion)


#REF!

#REF!

200

180

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

11

Average of independent forecasts for 2012; GDP growth,


CPI and RPI inflation and claimant unemployment
2.3

2.3

GDP growth (per cent)


2.1

2.1
#REF!

#REF!

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

1.9

1.9

1.7
1.5

1.7
1.5

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.1

5.0

3.1
1.68
-18.7
131.2

5.0
#REF!

4.0

#REF!

RPI (Q4, per cent)

3.0

4.0

3.0

CPI (Q4, per cent)


2.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.75

1.75

Claimant unemployment
(Q4, millions)

1.70
1.65

#REF!

1.70
1.65

#REF!

1.60

1.60
#REF!

1.55

1.55

PU771 ISBN: 978-1-84532-674-6

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.45

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

12

Average of independent forecasts for 2012; Current account


and PSNB (2012-13)
-15

-15

Current account (billion)


-20

-20

-25

-25

-30

-30

-35

-35

115.0
112.5

115.0

PSNB (2011-12, billion)

112.5

110.0

110.0

107.5

107.5

105.0

105.0

102 5
102.5

102 5
102.5

100.0

100.0

97.5

97.5

95.0

95.0

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

13

Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2011;


GDP growth, CPI and RPI inflation made in the last 3
months
3.0

3.0

GDP growth (per cent)

2.5

2.5
#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

2.0
Liv
EP

2.0

1.5

1.0

CEBR
SC
EC
CapE
MS
EIU
BC
ING
S
SG
BCC
BEF
CBI
GI
ITEM
NIESR
N
OEF
CG
CB
EBS
GS
RBS
CamE
HSBC
UBS
DB
SCB
IMF

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.5
Independent Consensus

0.0

0.0

6.0

6.0

CPI (Q4, per cent)


5.5
MS
CEBR
EP
NIESR
BCC
BEF
C
HSBC
OEF
GS
ING
UBS
G
CG
BC
C
DB
D
SG
G
IT
TEM
CB
SC
EIU
GI
N
CapE
RBS
CBI
S

5.5

Liv

5.0

4.5

EBS
SCB
EC

4.5

5.0

Independent consensus

4.0

4.0

7.0

7.0

RPI (Q4, per cent)

6.5

RBS

BC

EBS

EP

CBI

ING

DB

CG

UBS

GI

EIU

BCC

SC

CapE

GS

HSBC

CB

OEF

SG

ITEM

BEF

5.0

CEBR

5.5

MS

6.0

NIESR

6.5

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.5
Independent consensus

4.0

Forecasts for the UK economy

4.0

November 2011

14

Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2011;


Claimant unemployment, current account and PSNB (201112) made in last 3 months
2.20

2.20

Claimant unemployment (Q4, millions)

2.00

EBS

2.00

SG

SC

CG

EIU

RBS

GI

BCC

OEF

CBI

CB

DB

BEF

EP

CEBR

SCB

ING

CapE

1.80

1.60

BC

ITEM

UBS

1.60

GS

1.80

1.40

1.40
Independent Consensus

1.20

BC

SG

OEF

GI

RBS

Liv

NIESR

BEF

EIU

CB

EP

HSBC

ING

BCC
B

DB

-30
30

ITEM

-20

UBS

-10

CapE

CG

10
GS

10

20

Current account (billion)


CBI

20

1.20

0
-10
-20
-30
30
-40

-50

-50

-60

EBS

-40

-60

-70

-70

Independent Consensus

-80

-80

180

180

120

CG

BEF

EP

CB

GI

CBI

EBS

EIU

ITEM

MS

SG

BC

RBS

ING

OEF

SCB

DB

HSBC

GS

160

140

120

UBS

Liv

140

BCC

NIESR

160

CEBR

PSNB (2011-12, billion)

100

100

Independent Consensus

80

Forecasts for the UK economy

80

November 2011

15

Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2012;


GDP growth, CPI and RPI inflation made in the last 3
months
3.0

3.0
Liv
BEF

GDP growth (per cent)


EC
SC
SG
CEBR
EIU
CG
ING
GI
NIESR
RBS
OEF
MS
EBS
CBI
CB
DB
GS
HSBC
BC
CamE
ITEM
N
UBS
BCC
IMF
SCB
EP

2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0

2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5

CapE

0.5

2.5

0.0
S

0.0

-0.5

-0.5
Independent Consensus

-1.0

-1.0
4.0

4.0
EIU

CPI (Q4, per cent)


ING
BEEF
CapE
C
GS
G
SSG
SSCB
NIESR
CEBR
ITEM
OEF
HSBC
SC
GI
CBI
CB
BC
N
CG
DB
EC
MS
RBS
BCC
UBS
EBS
Liv

EP

3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5

3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5

1.0
S

1.0

0.5

0.5
Independent consensus

0.0

0.0

5.0

5.0

RPI (Q4, per cent)

4.5

2.0

EIU

SC

BCC

MS

BC

UBS

DB

RBS

HSBC

GI

GS

CEBR

CB

NIESR

ING

OEF

CapE

BEF

SG

2.5

EBS

3.0

ITEM

3.5

CBI

4.0

CG

EP

4.5

4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5

1.0

1.0

1.5

0.5

Independent consensus

0.0

Forecasts for the UK economy

0.5
0.0

November 2011

16

Dispersion around the independent consensus for 2012;


Claimant unemployment, current account and PSNB (201213) made in last 3 months
2.20

2.20

DB

RBS

CB

CG

GI

EIU

SC

CEBR

BCC

CBI

OEF

BC

GS

ITEM

EP

EBS

2.00

1.80

1.60

SCB

UBS

1.60

ING

1.80

BEF

CapE

2.00

SG

Claimant unemployment (Q4, millions)

1.40

1.40
Independent Consensus

40
30

1.20

CG

1.20

Current account (billion)

-40

EBS

DB

-30

BEF

BC

10
0

CBI

NIESR

RBS

ITEM

OEF

Liv

EP

CapE

UBS

GI
G

EEIU

BC
CC

CB
B

-20
20

ING

-10

HSBC
H

SG

10

30
20

GS

20

40

-10
-20
20
-30
-40

-50

-50

-60

-60

-70

-70

Independent Consensus

-80

-80

180

180

PSNB (2012-13, billion)

BEF

CG

SG

ITEM

GI

EIU

EBS

CB

BC

OEF

EP

ING

DB

CBI

RBS

GS

SCB

140

120

100

Liv

UBS

100

MS

HSBC

120

BCC

140

CEBR

160
NIESR

160

Independent Consensus

80

Forecasts for the UK economy

80

November 2011

17

Medium-term forecasts, November 2011


This edition of the comparison contains 14 new medium-term projections for the calendar years
2011 to 2015, and the fiscal years 2011-12 to 2014-15. The table below summarises the
independent average of new forecasts.

Independent average
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

GDP growth (per cent)

1.0

1.1

2.1

2.3

2.4

Inflation rate (per cent)


- CPI
- RPI

4.5
5.3

2.7
3.3

2.0
2.6

2.2
3.2

2.3
3.6

Claimant unemployment (mn)

1.55

1.75

1.76

1.66

1.52

Current account (bn)

-16.0

-13.9

-11.0

-5.7

-4.0

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

129.1

117.0

98.2

81.1

Independent average

PSNB (bn)

Note: All the averages given are the mean and exclude non-standard entries (see notation).

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

18

Table M1: Medium-term forecasts for GDP and the GDP deflator
GDP (percentage change)
2011

2012

2013

GDP deflator (percentage change)


2014

2015

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2.3
2.6
2.5
3.9
-

2.7
3.0
1.6
3.3
-

2.8
2.4
1.4
-

2.8
1.9
1.6
-

3.4
3.1
4.0
4.7
1.9 h
1.9

3.0
2.5
2.2
3.0
2.5 h
1.6

3.7
2.6
2.0
2.8
1.9 h
2.1

5.2
2.7
2.0
2.4
1.8 h
2.4

City forecasters
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.4
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.1

1.5
0.0
0.7
1.2
2.0
0.8
1.8
1.5
1.0
-0.4
1.9
2.1

2.5
1.5
1.1
1.9
2.9
2.3
2.0
1.8
0.9
-

2.3
2.1
1.8
3.0
2.2
2.0
1.7
-

2.2
2.8
1.8
2.9
2.2
2.2
-

Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.9
1.4
1.5
0.9
0.9

2.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
0.8
2.2
2.2
0.8
1.0

2.7
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.6

2.5
2.2
2.0
2.4
2.7
3.0
2.5
2.8

2.6
2.4
2.1
2.6
2.6
3.0
2.3
2.7

Beacon Economic Forecasting


Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

*
*

1.0
1.0

1.4
1.1

2.1
2.1

2.3
2.3

2.5
2.4

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

3.1
2.5

2.5
2.4

2.5
2.5

2.6
2.8

1.5
0.8

2.3
-0.4

2.9
0.9

3.0
1.7

3.0
1.8

Highest
Lowest

4.7
1.9

3.3
1.6

3.7
1.4

5.2
1.6

*
*
*
*

Table M2: Medium-term forecasts for domestic demand and net trade contribution
Domestic demand (percentage change)
2011

2012

2013

2014

Contribution of net trade to GDP growth (per cent)


2015

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

1.6
0.4
1.6
1.3
0.1
1.6
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4

0.4
0.1
1.0
0.3
0.8
0.1
0.9
0.0
0.3
-0.3
0.7

-0.3
0.4
1.1
0.4
0.8
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.1
-

0.0
0.3
-0.4
0.8
0.1
0.5
-0.3
-

0.3
-0.1
-0.4
0.6
0.1
-0.1
-

1.2
1.4
0.1
1.4
1.1
1.5
1.4

-0.6
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.6
1.3
0.2

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.5
0.8

-0.4
0.1
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.8

-1.0
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.5

City forecasters
-0.8
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
1.3
-0.7
0.1
-0.5
-0.5
-0.6
-0.2

1.0
-0.4
-0.3
0.9
1.2
0.6
0.9
1.5
0.7
0.0
1.4

2.9
0.6
0.0
1.5
2.0
2.3
1.6
1.2
0.6
-

2.4
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.5
1.8
-

1.9
2.9
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
-

Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*

-0.5
-0.7
-0.2
1.0
-0.5
0.3
-0.8
-0.6

2.9
0.9
1.1
1.4
0.8
1.5
-0.5
0.8

2.5
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.8

2.9
1.6
1.8
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.0

3.4
1.8
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.0
2.3

Beacon Economic Forecasting


Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

-0.3
-0.6

0.9
0.7

1.6
1.6

2.0
2.1

2.3
2.4

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

1.2
1.4

0.4
0.3

0.4
0.4

0.2
0.2

0.1
0.0

1.3
-0.8

2.9
-0.5

2.9
0.0

2.9
1.5

3.4
1.8

Highest
Lowest

1.6
0.1

1.3
-0.6

1.1
-0.3

0.8
-0.4

0.6
-1.0

*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

*
*

*
*
*
*

19

Table M3: Medium-term forecasts for CPI and RPI inflation


CPI inflation (annual average, per cent)
2011

2012

2013

2014

RPI inflation (annual average, per cent)


2015

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.5

3.9
3.2
3.7
3.2
4.0
3.9
3.6
3.9
2.3
4.0

3.3
2.1
3.4
2.7
3.6
2.9
2.4
1.9
-

3.7
3.4
3.1
3.5
2.5
3.5
-

3.6
3.3
3.6
2.6
3.8
-

5.2
5.7
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.2

2.5
4.0
3.5
3.8
3.7
2.7

3.2
3.8
3.5
3.7
1.8
2.5

3.8
4.4
3.4
3.4
2.3
3.0

4.1
3.5
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.7

City forecasters
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.3
4.5

3.0
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.2
2.2
2.9
3.1
3.5
2.2
2.2
2.7

1.8
1.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.6
-

1.9
2.5
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.9
-

2.0
2.3
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.8
-

Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
4.5
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.5
4.2 k
4.4
4.5

2.3
2.2
2.6
2.8
2.5
3.4 k
2.3
2.4

2.3
2.1
2.5
2.1
2.0
2.2 k
1.7
1.8

3.0
2.1
2.3
2.3
1.5
2.0 k
1.8
1.9

3.2
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.7
2.0 k
1.8
2.0

Beacon Economic Forecasting


Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

*
*

4.4
4.5

2.6
2.7

2.0
2.0

2.2
2.2

2.2
2.3

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

5.3
5.3

3.5
3.3

2.9
2.6

3.3
3.2

3.4
3.6

4.6
3.9

3.5
2.2

2.5
1.5

3.0
1.5

3.2
1.7

Highest
Lowest

5.7
5.2

4.0
2.3

3.8
1.8

4.4
2.3

4.1
2.6

*
*
*
*

Table M4: Medium-term forecasts for the sterling index and official Bank rate
Sterling index (annual average, Jan 2005=100)
2011

2012

2013

2014

Official Bank rate (annual average, per cent)


2015

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.56
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
1.04
0.50
1.38
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.75

1.50
0.50
0.50
0.65
2.00
0.75
0.50
0.60
0.50
-

2.50
1.06
1.63
3.00
1.75
1.20
1.00
-

3.50
2.04
2.63
4.50
3.00
2.00
-

0.50
0.50
0.69
0.50
0.80
0.50
0.50

1.10
0.90
2.06
0.50
1.30
0.50
0.50

2.60
1.50
3.13
0.81
2.50
0.50
0.81

3.00
2.00
4.13
1.79
3.50
0.90
1.97

3.30
3.00
4.50
3.00
4.00
1.40
3.72

City forecasters
82.3
78.6
79.6
80.0
-

82.2
78.0
81.5
82.0
-

84.1
78.5
81.6
85.0
-

79.3
81.7
87.0
-

80.1
83.3
89.3
-

Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
79.7
83.6
80.0
79.7
80.7 k
80.1

77.1
88.2
78.7
78.4
80.6 k
80.7

73.9
88.2
77.7
77.6
81.3 k
81.5

73.1
88.2
76.4
77.4
82.2 k
85.1

73.3
88.2
75.0
77.0
83.1 k
86.5

80.4
80.0

80.8
79.7

80.9
79.5

81.0
79.3

81.6
80.0

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

0.5
0.5

0.8
0.6

1.2
0.9

2.1
1.7

3.1
2.7

83.6
78.6

88.2
77.1

88.2
73.9

88.2
73.1

89.3
73.3

Highest
Lowest

0.8
0.5

2.1
0.5

3.1
0.5

4.1
0.9

4.5
1.4

Forecasts for the UK economy

Beacon Economic Forecasting


Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

November 2011

*
*

*
*
*
*

20

Table M5: Medium-term forecasts for claimant unemployment


Claimant unemployment (annual average, millions)
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

1.54
1.50
1.55
1.54
1.50
1.66
1.44

1.65
1.90
1.72
1.73
1.50
1.83
1.50

1.65
2.00
1.77
1.81
1.44
-

1.70
1.66
1.74
1.43
-

1.76
1.18
1.64
1.43
-

1.54
1.50
1.57
1.60
2.54 p
1.56

1.68
1.50
1.57
1.59
2.76 p
1.70

1.67
1.50
1.39
1.60
2.64 p
1.64

1.62
1.45
1.25
1.53
2.29 p
1.57

1.52
1.40
1.15
1.44
2.10 p
1.49

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

1.54
1.55

1.66
1.75

1.65
1.76

1.55
1.66

1.44
1.52

Highest
Lowest

1.66
1.44

1.90
1.50

2.00
1.39

1.74
1.25

1.76
1.15

2014

2015

City forecasters
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

*
*

*
*
*
*

Table M6: Medium-term forecasts for house price inflation


House price inflation (annual average)
2011

2012

2013

City forecasters
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

-0.40
-0.80
-1.36
-0.20
-2.70
-1.15
-2.70
1.48

y
y
xy
y
z
x

-0.40
-1.70
-0.50
-2.50
-4.50
-1.00
-0.80

x
x
x

2.30
-4.80
-0.99
-0.70
0.10
2.15
-5.10
2.00

y
y
xy
y
z
x

5.00
2.30
1.47
-3.40
1.30
-1.80
-1.84

x
x
x

6.60
-5.20
-1.94
-1.70
3.50
2.42
0.30
-

y
y
xy
y
z
x

6.80
3.70
3.04
1.70
5.30
-0.90
-1.54

x
x

7.10
0.23
0.90
4.70
1.00
-

y
xy
y
z
x

4.50
3.39
-0.20
5.70
2.00
-

y
xy
y
z
x

Non-City forecasters
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

*
*

*
*
*
*

k
z
x
z
z
z

k
z
x
z
z
z

k
z
x
z
z
z

5.90
4.70
3.30
4.80
5.00
0.90
1.32

z
k
z
x
z
z
z

8.00
5.50
3.26
6.80
4.50
2.10
3.68

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

-1.28
-1.13

-0.13
-0.92

1.58
0.65

3.32
2.77

4.10
3.78

Highest
Lowest

1.48
-4.50

5.00
-5.10

6.80
-5.20

7.10
0.23

8.00
-0.20

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

z
k
z
x
z
z
z

21

Table M7: Medium-term forecasts for the current account


Current account ( billion)
2011

2012

2013

Current account (per cent of money GDP)


2014

2015

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

-0.7
-1.3
-0.2
-1.6
-2.2
-1.9
-0.7
-1.1
-1.8
-0.9

0.2
-1.3
1.7
-1.8
-1.6
-1.5
-0.9
-0.6
-1.4
-0.2

-0.1
-1.0
3.3
-1.4
-1.2
-1.1
-

-0.1
3.8
-1.3
-0.8
-

0.2
3.9
-1.3
-0.5
-

-1.5
-1.9
-1.1
-1.8
-1.2
-1.0

-2.8
-2.1
-1.6
-0.3
-0.5
-1.1

-2.9
-1.8
-1.4
0.9
-0.3
-0.7

-2.7
-1.6
-1.1
1.9
0.0
-0.1

-2.7
-1.2
-0.9
2.5
0.0
0.2

City forecasters
-10.4
-20.0
-3.3
-24.5
-33.0
-11.2
-17.0
-13.4

2.9
-20.0
27.5
-28.7
-24.0
-13.6
-9.0
-4.0

-2.0
-15.0
53.2
-21.8
-18.0
-18.5
-

-2.2
64.2
-22.2
-12.0
-

3.1
68.7
-22.4
-8.0
-

Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
-22.3
-29.8
-16.2
-27.0
-18.0
-18.5
-14.5

-43.2
-33.6
-25.0
-6.0
-17.8
-8.3
-17.5

-49.3
-30.5
-23.2
15.0
-17.5
-4.8
-11.4

-47.9
-27.2
-19.2
34.0
-17.0
0.3
-1.6

-52.8
-22.5
-16.8
46.0
-16.0
0.4
4.2

Beacon Economic Forecasting


Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

*
*

-18.6
-16.0

-14.7
-13.9

-11.1
-11.0

-4.6
-5.7

-1.5
-4.0

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

-1.3
-1.0

-1.0
-0.9

-0.6
-0.6

-0.2
-0.2

0.0
-0.1

-3.3
-33.0

27.5
-43.2

53.2
-49.3

64.2
-47.9

68.7
-52.8

Highest
Lowest

-0.2
-2.2

1.7
-2.8

3.3
-2.9

3.8
-2.7

3.9
-2.7

*
*
*
*

Table M8: Medium-term forecasts for PSNB


PSNB ( billion)
2011-12

2012-13

PSNB (per cent of money GDP)


2013-14

2014-15

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

-8.4
8.5
-8.7
8.7
-7.9
8.1
8.2
8.2
-

-7.0
7.6
-7.9
7.2
-6.7
6.0
7.2
6.7
-

-5.2
6.1
-6.6
5.9
-4.8
-

-4.0
5.2
-5.3
5.2
-3.0
-

8.8
8.0
7.7
8.4
7.9
9.4
8.3

9.2
6.5
6.1
7.2
6.0
8.8
7.1

8.1
5.1
5.0
5.3
4.0
7.0
5.0

6.6
3.8
4.0
3.5
2.8
5.3
3.3

City forecasters
127.6
130.0
133.2
132.0
132.0
126.0
124.9
125.0
126.0
-

111.2
125.0
125.5
113.0
111.0
110.0
98.0
114.2
108.0
-

87.6
110.0
108.7
95.0
82.0
-

71.2
105.0
90.7
87.0
54.0
-

Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
132.9
123.0
119.1
129.5
122.0
120.2
141.6
125.2

146.4
104.0
99.1
114.8
100.0
87.2
138.1
111.1

138.0
85.0
83.3
88.3
68.0
75.5
114.6
82.4

121.1
69.0
70.0
61.1
50.0
72.0
91.2
57.3

Beacon Economic Forecasting


Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

127.7
129.1

112.7
117.0

93.7
98.2

76.9
81.1

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

5.0
4.0

4.3
3.6

2.9
2.3

2.3
1.9

141.6
119.1

146.4
87.2

138.0
68.0

121.1
50.0

Highest
Lowest

9.4
-8.7

9.2
-7.9

8.1
-6.6

6.6
-5.3

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

*
*

*
*
*
*

22

Table M9: Medium-term forecasts for the output gap


Output gap (percentage of potential GDP)
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

-2.3
-2.6
-2.3
-0.5
-

-2.7
-2.8
-2.1
-1.0
-

-2.6
-2.1
-1.7
-0.8
-

-2.1
-1.3
0.5
-

-1.3
-0.6
1.2
-

-1.6

-1.5

-0.8

-0.3

-0.2

Independent average
New forecasts (marked *)

-1.9
-1.7

-2.0
-1.8

-1.6
-1.5

-0.8
-0.6

-0.2
-0.1

Highest
Lowest

-0.5
-2.6

-1.0
-2.8

-0.8
-2.6

0.5
-2.1

1.2
-1.3

City forecasters
Barclays Capital
Capital Economics
Citigroup
Commerzbank
Daiwa Capital Markets
ING
Morgan Stanley
Nomura
RBS Global Banking & Markets
Schroders IM
Standard Chartered Bank
UBS

*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

Non-City forecasters
Beacon Economic Forecasting
Cambridge Econometrics
CEBR
Experian
IHS Global Insight
ITEM Club
Liverpool Macro Research
NIESR
Oxford Economics

Forecasts for the UK economy

*
*

*
*
*
*

November 2011

23

4.0

4.0

GDP growth (per cent)

2.0

0.0

2.0

2011

2012

-4.9

-4.3

1.5
-2.1
1.60
-35.3
133.7

2.3
0.7
1.73
-13
200

2013

2014

2015

4.6

0.0

4.6

CPI inflation
(annual average, per cent)

4.2
3.8

4.2
3.8

3.4

3.4

3.0

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.2

2.2

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.0

2011

2012

2.00

2013

2014

2015

1.0

2.00

Claimant unemployment
(annual average, millions)

1.80

1.80

1.60

1.60

1.40

1.40
#DIV/0!

31.23833

1.20

1.20

1.00

1.00
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

24

-10

-4.9

-4.3

1.5
-2.1
1.60
-35.3
133.7

2.3
0.7
1.73
-13
200

-10

Current account (billion)


-20

-20
2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

140

140

PSNB (billion)
120

120

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

2011-12

Forecasts for the UK economy

2012-13

2013-14

November 2011

2014-15

25

Annex 1: Forecasting institutions referred to in charts and tables


AA

ABN AMRO

BoA

Bank of America - Merrill Lynch

BC

Barclays Capital

BCC

British Chambers of Commerce

BEF

Beacon Economic Forecasting

BP

BNP Paribas

CamE

Cambridge Econometrics

CapE

Capital Economics

CG

Citigroup

CBI

Confederation of British Industry

CEBR

Centre for Economics and Business Research

CB

Commerzbank

DCM

Daiwa Capital Markets

DB

Deutsche Bank

EBS

Experian Business Strategies (previously BSL)

EC*

European Commission

EIU

Economist Intelligence Unit

EP

Economic Perspectives

GI

IHS Global Insight

GS

Goldman Sachs

HSBC

HSBC Global Research

ING

ING Financial Markets

IMF*

International Monetary Fund

ITEM

ITEM Club

JPM

JP Morgan Chase

Liv

Liverpool Macro Research

LS

Lombard Street Research

MS

Morgan Stanley

NIESR

National Institute of Economic and Social Research

OECD*

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

OEF

Oxford Economic Forecasting

RBS

Royal Bank Of Scotland Global Banking & Markets

SC

Scotia Capital

Schroders Investment Management

SG

Societe Generale

SCB

Standard Chartered Bank

UBS

UBS

* Forecasts from the EC, IMF and OECD are updated when a full forecast is produced.

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

26

Annex 2: Data definitions


GDP

National accounts, Table C2, Code ABMI

Private consumption

Households + NPISH, National accounts, Table C2,


Code ABJR+HAYO

General government consumption

National accounts, Table C2, Code NMRY

Gross fixed investment

National accounts, Table C2, Code NPQT

Change in inventories

National Accounts, Table C2, Code CAFU

Domestic demand

National Accounts, Table C2, Code YBIM

Exports (goods and services)

National Accounts, Table C2, Code IKBK

Imports (goods and services)

National Accounts, Table C2, Code IKBL

Output Gap

The gap between actual output and trend (or potential) output, expressed as a percentage of trend (or potential)

CPI (Q4)

Consumer Price Indices release, Table 1, Code D7G7

RPI (Q4)

Consumer Price Indices release, Table 1, Code CZBH

RPIX (Q4)

Consumer Price Indices release, Table 1, Code CDKQ

Whole Economy Average Weekly Earnings (Total Pay)

Labour market statistics, Table 15

Sterling index (Q4, Jan 2005=100)

Bank of England Monetary and Financial statistics division

output.

Code BK67
Official Bank Rate (Q4)

(Previously Bank of England repo rate (Q4)), Code BEDR

Oil price ($ per barrel)

Brent crude, annual average

M4 growth

Bank of England Monetary and Financial statistics division


Code VQJW, calendar year (previously financial year)

House price inflation

Q4 on Q4 annual percentage change in house prices

RHDI

National accounts, Table J2, Code NRJR

Employment growth

Workforce jobs, Labour market statistics, Table 4, Code DYDC

Claimant unemployment (Q4, mn)

Labour market statistics, Table 10, Code BCJD

Manufacturing Output

National accounts, Table B1, Code CKYY

World trade in goods and service


Current account (bn)

Balance of payments release, Table A, Code HBOP

Size of APF purchases (bn)

http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/markets/apf/index.htm

Public Sector Net Borrowing

Public sector finances release, Table PSF 1 /


Public sector accounts, Table PSAT 1, Code ANNX

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

27

Annex 3: Notation used in tables


a:

as a percentage of GDP

b:

non-durable consumption

c:

consumer expenditure less expenditure on durables and housing

d:

private sector investment, stockbuilding and durable consumption

e:

investment and stockbuilding combined

f:

contribution to GDP growth - percentage points

g:

end period

h:

calendar year

i:

financial year

j:

compensation of employees/head

k:

different definitions; refer to forecasters for details

l:

3 month interbank rate

m:

general government current and capital expenditure plus stockbuilding

n:
o:

average of spot price of Brent crude and Dubai light crude


world trade in manufacturing

p:

ILO unemployment - millions

q:

ILO unemployment rate

r:

PSNCR (Formerly PSBR)

s:

PSNB including the effect of financial interventions

t:

world GDP

u:

OPEC average

v:

final domestic demand

w:

percentage change

x:

based on Halifax house price index

y:

based on Nationwide house price index

z:

based on CLG house price series

aa:

claimant unemployment rate


treaty deficit

ab:

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

28

Annex 4: Organisation contact details


Organisation

Contact

E-mail address

Telephone number

ABN AMRO

Joost Beaumont

joost.beaumont@nl.abnamro.com

020 628 3437

Bank of America - Merrill Lynch

Nick Bate

Nick_Bate@ml.com

020 7995 4262

Barclays Capital

Blerina Uruci

Blerina.Uruci@barclayscapital.com

020 7773 4373

Beacon Economic Forecasting

David Smith

xxxbeaconxxx@btinternet.com

01923 897 885

British Chambers of Commerce

David Kern

David.Kern@btinternet.com

020 8904 6293

Cambridge Econometrics

Ragini Madan

rm@camecon.com

01223 533100

Capital Economics

Jonathan Loynes

Jonathan.loynes@capitaleconomics.com

020 7823 5000

Citigroup

Michael Saunders

Michael.Saunders@citigroup.com

020 7986 9297

CBI

David Muir

David.Muir@cbi.org.uk

020 7395 8102

CEBR

Charles Davis

Cdavis@cebr.com

020 7324 2863

Commerzbank

Peter Dixon

Peter.Dixon@commerzbank.com

020 7653 7271

Daiwa Capital Markets

Hetal Mehta

Hetal.Mehta@uk.daiwacm.com

020 7597 8338

Deutsche Bank

George Buckley

George.Buckley@db.com

020 7545 1372

Experian Business Strategies

Meera Sadier

Meera.Sadier@uk.experian.com

020 7746 8235

EC

Thomas Springbett

thomas.springbett@ec.europa.eu

0032 2296 7226

EIU

Neil Prothero

Neilprothero@eiu.com

020 7576 8308

Economic Perspectives

Peter Warburton

peter@economicperspectives.co.uk

01582 696 999

Goldman Sachs

Adrian Paul

Adrian.Paul@gs.com

HSBC

Alexander Pefanis

alexander.pefanis@hsbcib.com

IHS Global Insight

Howard Archer

Howard.Archer@ihsglobalinsight.com

020 3159 3563

ING Financial Markets

James Knightley

James.Knightley@uk.ing.com

020 7767 6614

ITEM club

Peter Spencer

Ps35@york.ac.uk

01904 323771

J P Morgan

Allan Monks

allan.j.monks@jpmorgan.com

020 7777 1080

Liverpool Macro Research

David Meenagh

Meenaghd@cf.ac.uk

029 2087 5198

Lombard Street Research

Jamie Dannhauser

Jamie.Dannhauser@lombardstreetresearch.com

0207 382 5961

Morgan Stanley

Melanie Baker

Melanie.Baker@morganstanley.com

020 7425 8607

NIESR

Simon Kirby

S.Kirby@niesr.ac.uk

020 7222 7665

Nomura

Philip Rush

Philip.Rush@nomura.com

2071029595

Oxford Economics

Elizaveta Ross

lross@oxfordeconomics.com

01865 268 224

Royal Bank of Scotland

Ross Walker

Ross.Walker@rbos.com

020 7085 3670

Scotia Capital

Alan Clarke

alan_clarke@scotiacapital.com

0207 826 5986

Schroders Investment Management Azad Zangana

Azad.Zangana@schroders.com

020 7658 2671

Societe Generale

Brian Hilliard

Brian.Hilliard@sgcib.com

020 7676 7165

Standard Chartered Bank

Sarah Hewin

Sarah.Hewin@sc.com

020 7885 6251

UBS

Nishit Mittal

Nishit.Mittal@ubs.com

Forecasts for the UK economy

November 2011

29

HMTreasury contacts
This document can be found in full on our website at:
hm-treasury.gov.uk
If you require this information in another language,
format or have general enquiries about HM Treasury
and its work, contact:
Correspondence and Enquiry Unit
HMTreasury
1 Horse Guards Road
London
SW1A 2HQ
Tel: 020 7270 5000
Fax: 020 7270 4861
E-mail: public.enquiries@hmtreasury.gov.uk

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