PROJECT REPORT

Conducted At

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED, KATHUA (JAMMU & KASHMIR)

A Project Report submitted for six weeks summer training for the period June - July 2010 TO

RAYAT BAHRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND NANO-TECHNOLOGY

TRAINING COMPANY: BSNL DURATION OF TRAINING: SIX WEEKS

SUBMITTED BY: ARVIND GOSWAMI ROLL NUMBER: 81307108101 TRADE: ECE

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INRTODUCTION BSNL NEED FOR COMMUNICATION METHODS OF COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER 2 SWITCHING SYSTEM - C-DOT DSS MAX - HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE - COMPONENTS CHAPTER 3 ALARM DISPLAY PANNEL - INTRODUCTION - ALARM PHILOSPHY CHAPTER 4 AN - RAX - INTRODUCTION - CONFIGURING - CONTROLLER CARDS

CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TELEMATICS DSS MAX

HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE: In the following sections, the hardware architecture of each constituent module is described. COMPONENTS: BASE MODULE CENTRE MODULE ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE INPUT-OUTPUT MODULE / PROCESSOR BASE MODULE (BM): Base module (BM) is the basic building block of C-DOT DSS MAX. It interfaces the subscribers, trunks and special circuits. The subscriber may be individual or grouped PBX lines, analog or digital lines. The trunks may be two wired physical, E&M Four wire, Digital CAS or CCS, the basic functions of a base module are Analog to digital conversion of all signals on analog lines. Interface to digital trunks and digital subscribers. Switching the calls between terminals connected to the same base module. Communication with the Administrative Module via the Central Module for administrative and maintenance functions and also for majority of inter-BM switching (i.e. call processing) functions. Provision of special circuits for call processing support.

For these functions, the Base module hardware is spread over different types of units Analog Terminal Units: To interface analog lines/trunks, and providing special circuits as conference, announcements and terminal tester. Digital Terminal Unit: To interface digital trunks i.e. 2mbps E-1/PCM links. # Signaling Unit Module: To support SS7 protocol handlers and some call processing functions for CCS7 calls. ISDN Terminal Unit: To support termination BRI\PRI interface and implementation of lower layers of DSSI signaling protocol. Time switching Unit: For voice and message switching and provision of service circuits.

Base Processor Unit: For control message communication and call processing functions.

Signaling Processor (SP) Card: Signaling processes the signaling information received from the terminal cards. This signaling information consist of scan/drive functions like origination detection, answer detection, digit reception, reversal detection, etc. The validated events are reported to Terminal Interface controller for further processing to relieve itself from real time intensive functions. Based on the information received from the Terminal Interface Controller, it also drives the event on the selected terminal through scan/drive signals. Terminal Interface Controller (TIC) Cards: TIC controls the four terminal groups (TG) of 32 channels, and multiplex them to form a duplicated 128-channel, 8 Mbps link towards the time switch (TS). For signaling information of 128-channels, it communicates with signaling processor (SP) to receive/send the signaling event on analog terminations. It also uses one of the 64 Kbps channel out of 128-channels towards Time switch, to communicate with Base Processor Unit (BPU). In concentration mode, three other terminal units share this 128-channel link towards Time Switch to have 4:1 concentration. Special Service Cards: A Terminal Unit has some special service cards such as Conference (CNF) Card to provide six party conference. Speech samples from five parties are added by inbuilt logic and sent to sixth party to achieve conferencing. Terminal Test Controller (TTC) Card is used to test analog terminal interface via the test access relays on the terminal cards. Announcement Controller (ANN) card provides 15 announcements on broadcast basis. Only one service card of each card is equipped in a Base Module with provision of fixed slot for TTC and variable slots for CNF/ANNC. Time Switch Unit (TSU): Time Switch Unit (TSU) implements three basic functions as time switching within the Base Module, routing of control-message within the Base Module and across Base Modules and support services like MF/DTMF circuits, answering circuits, tones, etc. These functions are performed by three different units, integrated as time switch unit in a single frame.

 CENTRAL MODULE: Central Module (CM) is responsible for space switching of inter-base module calls, communication between Base Modules and the Administrative Module, Clock distribution and network synchronization. For these functions, Central Module has a Space Switch Controller and a Central Message Switch. CM provides connectivity to 16 BMs if it is CM-L and 32BMs if it is CM-XL. Each BM interfaces with CM via two 512 channel parallel buses as BUS-0 BUS-1, each operating at 4 Mbps. These buses carry voice information of 512 terminations of the Base Module towards CM. In the reverse direction, after Space Switching has been done in the Space Switch under the control of Space Switching Controller (SSC), the same buses carry the switched voice information for 512 terminations towards BM. Thus, in a 32 Base Module Configuration, there are 64 parallel buses carrying the voice information from Base Module to the central Module, and also the switched information to the reverse direction. ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE: Administrative Module (AM) consists of a duplicated 16/32-nit controller called the Administrative Processor (APC). It communicates with Base Processor via the central Message Switch for control messages and with the duplicated Input Output Processors in the Input Output Module for interfacing peripheral devices. Administrative Processor is responsible for global routing, translation, resource, allocation and all other functions that are provided centrally in C-DOT DSS MAX. The implementation of AM is similar to the Base processor Complex of BM, using the same hardware configuration. As explained earlier, HPC instead of BPC is used to support 8,00,000 BHCA. INPUT OUTPUT MODULE (IOM): Input Output Module (IOM) consists of duplicated Input Output Processors (IOP). The Input Output Processor (IOP) is a general purpose computer with UNIX Operating System. It is used as the front end processor in C-DOT DSS. It handles all the Input and Output functions in C-DOT DSS. The IOP is connected to AP/BP via HDLC links. During normal operation, two IOPs interconnected by a HDLC link, operate in a duplex configuration. Working as Front End Processor, it provides initial code down load to the subsystem, man machine interfaces and data storage for billing and other administrative information.

ALARM DISPLAY PANNEL

The ADP (MM2) is used in the C-DOT DSS MAX to display the status of the system. The status is displayed on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and seven segment LEDs displays. Fresh faults are reported on the panel by blinking LEDs accompanied by an audio alarm to draw the attention of the operator. The Operator in turn is expected to acknowledge the fault(s). ALARM PHILOSPHY: In a C-DOT DSS MAX, there are three categories of alarm: 1. Non-urgent. 2. Urgent. 3. Critical. On the alarm display panel (MM2), the non-urgent alarms are represented by green LEDs, the urgent alarms are represented by orange LEDs and the critical alarms are represented by red LEDs. When there is no alarm for any module or unit, the corresponding unit will be off. The alarms displayed on the ADP (MM2) are as follows: I. BM01 TO BM32: Alarms corresponding to each of the unit going faulty in a base module are displayed with the help of three LEDs against the corresponding Base Module in the form of consolidated status for that Base Module. II. Central Module: This represents the consolidated status of the Central Module in terms of critical and urgent. Fresh alarms are indicated by flashing the consolidated status. III. Administrative Module: This represents the consolidated status of the Administration Module. IV. System Clock: This display the status of the System Clock.

V.

Input Output Processor (IOP): This displays the status of IOP.

VI.

MLF (Message Link Failure): When the message link the administration module fails, the MLF LED blinks while all remaining LEDs are turned off.

VII.

OMC Link: This displays the status of the link with the OMC (Operation and Maintenance Centre).

VIII.

Lines faulty: This indicates the number of faulty lines in the exchange.

IX.

Trunk Group Faulty: This indicates the number of trunk group faulty and their individual status. The FTG are scrolled on the seven segment display.

X.

Total Trunks Faulty: This indicates the number of trunks faulty.

XI.

Power Alarm: Alarms for the power supplies going faulty are indicated on the LED showing the BM/CM/AM consolidated status

XII.

Over Load Alarm: Alarm for overload on any of the modules i.e. Base Module / Central Module / Administration Module is indicated again on the LED showing the consolidated status.

FIG: ALARM DISPLAY PANNEL

ANRAX (Access Network Rural Area Exchange)

This system is used where the total population of area is less than or equal to 256.

INTRODUUCTION: The C-DOT 256p ANRAX has been designed by configuring the basic building block used in higher capacity system of the C-DOT DSS family. The system is highly modular and flexible to the changing technique. The software is structured and clear interfaces exist between hardware and software. The redundancy of critical circuitry and exhaustive set of diagnostic schemes ensure high system reliability. TERMINAL GROUP: Analog information from the termination is first changed to digital PCM form at a bit rate of 64 Kbps. Thirty two such PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) channels from four terminal interface cards are time division multiplexed to generate one 32 channel, 2.048 Mbps PCM link. Thus from 32 terminal interface cards, eight such PCM links are obtained, which are terminated on ARC (AN-RAX Controller Card). CONFIGURING: AN-RAX Controller Card AN-RAX Interface Card Signaling Processor Card RAX Terminal Tester Card Subscriber Line Card Power Supply Card ARC ARI SPC/ISP RTC LCC/CCM/CCB PSU-1

CONTROLLER CARDS: The ARC card functions as the main controller of the AN-RAX. It performs time switching of voice/data slots between line cards. Toward the line card it gives the card select, subscriber select, clock and sync signal. It has an interface towards the SPC/ISP card for providing signaling interface the line card. It interfaces towards the ARI (ANRAX Interface) card used in slave frame to support voice and signaling interface for the line card in slave frame. This card exists in copy duplication and occupies slot 12 and 15 of the master frame in 256 p AN-RAX. It interfaces with RTC (RAX Terminal Tester) card for supporting terminal testing in AN-RAX.