1.Program to add two multibyte numbers.

mov r4,#0h ;move 00 to r4 mov r3,#0h ;move 00 to r3 mov dptr,#9000h ; Load 9000h into dptr register movx a,@dptr ;move the data from memory location to a register mov r0,a ;move the data from a to r0 inc dptr ;increment dptr movx a,@dptr ;move the data from memory location to a mov r1,a ;move the data from a register to r1 inc dptr ;increment dptr movx a,@dptr ;move the data from memory to a mov r2,a ;move the data form a to r2 inc dptr ;increment dptr movx a,@dptr ; move the data from memory location to a register clr c ;clear carry bit add a,r1 ;add a and r1 jnc res ;if no carry, jump to label res mov r3,a ;move data from a to r3 mov a,r0 ;move data from r0 to a addc a,r2 ; add with carry and r2 jnc end1 ;if no carry, jump to label end1 inc r4 ;increment r4 ajmp end1 ;jump to label end1 res:mov r3,a ; move data from a to r3 mov a,r0 ; move data from r0 to a add a,r2 ;add a and r2 jnc end1 ; if no carry, jump to label end1 inc r4 ;increment r4 end1:mov r5,a ;move data from a to r5 mov dptr,#900ah ;load 9000h into dptr register mov a,r4 ; move data from r4 to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to memory location mov a,r5 ;move data from r5 to a inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ; move data from a to memory location mov a,r3 ; move data from r3 to a inc dptr ; increment dptr movx @dptr,a ; move data from a to memory location here: sjmp here

end Input Location:9000h,9001h,9002h,9003h Output Location:900ah Input Data: 1111 1111(hex) Output : 2222h 2nd method mov r1,#0ffh ;load r1 with immediate data mov r2,#0ffh ; load r1 with immediate data mov r3,#0ffh ;load r1 with immediate data mov r4,#0ffh ;load r1 with immediate data clr c ;Clear carry bit mov a,r1 ;move data from r1 to a add a,r4 ;add a and r4 mov 31h,a ;move data from a to internal RAM location 31h mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a addc a,r3 ;add with carry a and r3 mov 32h,a ; move data from a to internal RAM location 32h mov a,#00 ;Clear a register addc a,#00 ;add with carry and 0 mov 33h,a ; move data from a to internal RAM location 33h here:sjmp here end 2. Program to convert a BCD number to ASCII To convert packed BCD to ASCII, it must first be converted to to unpacked BCD. Then the unpacked BCD is tagged with 30h. mov dptr,#9000h ;Load 9000h into dptr register movx a,@dptr ;Move the content of location 9000h to a mov r2,a ;Move the data from a to r2 anl a,#0f0h ;And a with 0f0h swap a ;Swap a orl a,#30h ;Or a with 30h inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move the data from a to memory location mov a,r2 ; Move the data from r2 to a

anl a,#0fh ; And a with 0fh orl a,#30h ;Or a with 30h inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move the data from a to memory location here:sjmp here end Input: 45 Output:34 35 3;ASCII to BCD conversion To convert ASCII to packed BCD, it is first converted to unpacked BCD(to mask 3) and then combined to make packed BCD. For example, for 4 and 5 the keyboard gives 34 and 35, respectively. The goal is to produce 45h, which is packed BCD. ;ASCII to packed BCD conversion mov r0,#10h ;R0=10h,Internal memory adress mov a,@r0 ;a=hex value of Ist ASCII number anl a,#0fh ;mask upper nibble swap a ;swap upper and lower nibble of a mov b,a ;save the number in B inc r0 ;Increment R0 mov a,@r0 ;Get the next number from memory anl a,#0fh ;Mask Higher nibble orl a,b ;Or a & B inc r0 ;Increment memory address to store the result mov @r0,a ;Move the content of A to internal RAM location here:sjmp here end Input:35 Output: 4.Program to find the average of 10 numbers mov dptr,#9000h ;Load 9000h into dptr register clr a ;Clear a register mov 0f0h,a ;move data from a to b mov r1,#05h ;move 05 to r1 register

up: movx a,@dptr ; ;move data from external memory location to a add a,0f0h ;add a and b mov 0f0h,a ;move the result to b dec r1 ;decrement r1 inc dptr ;increment dptr cjne r1,#00h,up ;compare r1 with 0, if not equal, jump to label up mov a,0f0h ;move data from b to a mov 0f0h,#05h ;move 05h to b div ab ;divide a by b mov dptr,#09005h ; Load 9005h into dptr register movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location mov a,0f0h ;move data from b to a inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end 5.To transfer a block of data from one memory location to another. mov r2,#0ah ;Load r2 with immediate data 05h mov dptr,#9000h ;Load 9000h into dptr register mov r0,#0a0h ;Load r0 with immediate data 0a0h mov r1,#00h ;Load r1 with immediate data 00h mov a,#0h ; Load a with immediate data 00h up:movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory to a push dph ;push dph on the stack push dpl ;push dpl on the stack mov dph,r0 ;move data from r0 to dph mov dpl,r1 ;move data from r1 t dpl movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location pop dpl ;pop dpl from the stack pop dph ;pop dph from the stack inc dptr ;increment dptr inc r1 ;increment r1 dec r2 ;decrement r2 cjne r2,#00,up ;compare r2 with 0, if not equal, jump to label up here:sjmp here end

Output: I block:9000h: 01 02 03 04 05 II block:a000h:01 02 03 04 05( after block transfer) 6. Program to convert a decimal number to hex number mov dptr,#9000h ; Load 9000h into dptr register movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a mov r2,a ;move data from r2 to a clr c ;clear carry bit subb a,#0ah ;subtract with borrow, 0ah from a jc over ;if carry, jump to label over mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a anl a,#0f0h ;and a with 0f0h swap a ;swap a mov b,#0ah ;move 0ah to b mul ab ;multiply and b mov r3,a ;move data from a to r3 mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a anl a,#0fh ;move 0fh to a add a,r3 ;add a and r3 inc dptr ;increment dptr

movx @dptr,a ; move data from a to external memory location sjmp here over:mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end Input:99 Output:63 7. Program to generate Fibonacci series mov r1,#0ah ;Load r1 with immediate data 0ah mov dptr,#9000h ;load 9000h into dptr register movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a inc dptr ;increment dptr mov r0,a ;move data from a to r0 movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a back:mov r2,a ;move data from a to r2 add a,r0 ;add a and r0 inc dptr ;increment dptr

movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location mov r3,a ;move data from a to r3 mov a,r2 ; move data from r2 to a mov r0,a ; move data from a to r0 mov a,r3 ; move data from r3 to a djnz r1,back ;decrement r1, if not 0, jump to label back here:sjmp here end Output:00 01 01 02 03 05 08 0bh, 15h, 22h 8.Program to find the GCF of two numbers mov dptr,#9000h ;Load 9000h into dptr register movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a mov b,a ; move data from a to b inc dptr ;increment dptr movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a back:mov r1,b ;move data from b to r1 div ab ;divide a by b mov a,b ;move data from b to a jz mess ;if a=0, jump to label mess

mov a,r1 ;move data from r1 to a jmp back ;jump to label back mess:mov dptr,#9005h ;Load dptr with immediate data 9005h mov a,r1 ;move data from r1 to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end Input: 05 02 Output:01 9.Program to convert hex number to ASCII number mov dptr,#9000h ; Load dptr with immediate data 9005h movx a,@dptr ; Load dptr with immediate data 9005h clr c ;clear carry bit subb a,#0ah ;subtract with borrow, 0ah from movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a jc down ;if carry, jump to label down add a,#07h ;add 07 to a down:add a,#30h ;add 30h to a inc dptr ;increment dptr

movx @dptr,a ; move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end Input:45 Output:34 35 10. Program to convert an 8 bit Hex number to decimal number mov dptr,#9000h ;Load 9000h into dptr register movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a mov r2,a ;move data from a to r2 clr c ;clear carry bit subb a,#0ah ;subtract with borrow, 0ah from a jc over ;if carry, jump to label over mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a subb a,#064h ;subtract with borrow, 64h from a jc d1 ; if carry, jump to label d1 mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a mov b,#64h ;move immediate data 64h to b div ab ;divide a by b inc dptr ;increment dptr

movx @dptr,a ; move data from external memory location to a mov a,b ;move data from b to a mov r3,a ;move data from a to r3 clr c ; clear carry bit subb a,#0ah ;subtract with borrow, 0ah from a jc d2 ;if carry, jump to label d2 mov b,#0ah ;Load b with immediate data 0ah mov a,r3 ;move data from r3 to a div ab ;divide a by b inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location mov a,b ;move data from b to a inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location sjmp end1 d2:mov a,r3 ;move data from r3 to a inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location sjmp end1 d1:mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a

mov b,#0ah ;load b with immediate data 0ah div ab ;divide a by b inc dptr ; increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location mov a,b ;move data from b to a inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location sjmp end1 over:mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end1:sjmp end1 end Input: 0ffh Output:02 05 05 11. Program to interchange two blocks of data mov dptr,#9000h ;Load 9000h into dptr register mov r0,#04h ;Move immediate data 04 to r0

mov r1,#90h ;move immediate data 90h to r1 mov r2,#91h ;move immediate data 91h to r2 back:movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a mov r3,a ;move data from a to r3 mov dph,r2 ;move data from r2 to dph movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a mov dph,r1 ;move data from r1 to dph movx @dptr,a ;move data from external memory location to a mov a,r3 ;move data from r3 to a mov dph,r2 ;move data from r2 to dph movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location inc dptr ;increment dptr mov dph,r1 ;move data from r1 to dph djnz r0,back ;decrement r0, if not equal to 0, jump to label back here:sjmp here end 12. Program to find the LCM of two numbers mov dptr,#9000h ;Load dptr with immediate data 9000h movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a

mov r0,a ;move data from a to r0

mov b,r0 ;move data from r0 to b inc dptr ;increment dptr movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a mov r2,a ;move data from a to r2 l2:push 0e0h ;push a onto the stack div ab ;divide a by b mov r1,b ;move data from b to r1 cjne r1,#00,l1 ;compare r1 with 0, if not equal, jump to label l1 pop 0e0h ;pop a from satck inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location sjmp here l1:pop 0e0h ;pop a from stack add a,r2 ;add a and r2 mov b,r0 ;move data from r0 to b sjmp l2 here:sjmp here end Input: 05 02

Output:0ah 13. Program to multiply 16 bit number by 8 bit number mov r0,#11h ;load r0 with immediate data 11h mov r1,#22h ;load r1 with immediate data 22h mov r2,#33h ;load r2 with immediate data 33h clr c ;clear carry bit mov a,r0 ;move data from r0 to a mov b,r2 ;move data from r2 to b mul ab ;multiply and b mov dptr,#9000h ;Load dptr with 9000h movx @dptr,a ; move data from external memory location to a mov r0,b ;move data from b to r0 mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a mov b,r1 ;move data from r1 to b mul ab ;multiply and b add a,r0 ;add a and r0 inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location

inc dptr ;increment dptr mov a,b ;move data from b to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end Input: 1122, 33 Output:369c6h 14. Program to search an element in an array mov r0,#05h ;Load r0 with immediate data 05h clr a ;clear a mov dptr,#9000h ;load dptr with address 9000h mov r1,#0ah ;load r1 with immediate data 0ah l1:mov a,#0h ;load a with 00 movc a,@a+dptr ;move data from code memory location to a mov r2,a ;move data from a to r2 inc dptr ;increment dptr dec r1 ;decrement r1 cjne r2,#05h,l2 ;compare r2 with 05h, if not equal, jump to label l2 mov dptr,#900ah ;load dptr with immediate data 900ah

mov a,#0ffh ;laod a with immediate data 0ffh movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location sjmp here l2:cjne r1,#0h,l1 ; compare r1 with 0, if not equal, jump to label l1 mov dptr,#900ah ;load dptr with 900ah mov a,#0h ;load a with 00h movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end Input:05, 9000h: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a Output:0ff 15. Program to sort an array of 10 elements mov r3,#0ah ;load r3 with immediate data 0ah dec r3 ;decrement r3 start:mov a,r3 ;move data from r3 to a mov r0,a ;move data from a to r0 mov dptr,#9000h ;Load dptr with address 9000h

l1:movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a mov r1,a ;move data from a to r1 inc dptr ;increment dptr movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a clr c ;clear carry bit subb a,r1 ;subtract with borrow, r1 from a jnc next ;if no carry, jump to label next movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a mov r2,a ;move data from a to r2 mov a,r1 ;move data from r1 to a movx @dptr,a ; move data from a to external memory location dec dpl ;decrement dpl mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a movx @dptr,a ; move data from a to external memory location inc dptr ;increment dptr next:djnz r0,l1 ;decrement r0, if not equal to 0, jump to label next djnz r3,start ;decrement r3, if not equal to 0, jump to label start here:sjmp here end 16. Program to divide an 8 bit no by another 8 bit number

mov r0,#26h ;load r0 with immediate data 26h mov a,@r0 ;load a with data from internal RAM location(dividend) inc r0 ;increment r0 mov b,@r0 ;move data from internal RAM location to b(divisor) div ab ;divide a by b inc r0 ;increment r0 mov @r0,a ;load internal RAM location with data from a inc r0 ; increment r0 mov a,b ;move data from b to a mov @r0,b ;move data from b to internal RAM location here:sjmp here end 17. Program to count number of 1's in a given data byte mov dptr,#9000h ;Load dptr with 9000h movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a mov r0,#0h ;load r0 with 0 mov r1,#8h ;load r1 with 8 clr c ;clear carry bit up:rlc a ;rotate a left through carry

jnc next ;if no carry, jump to label next inc r0 ;increment r0 next:djnz r1,up ;decrement r1, and jump to label next, if r10 inc dptr ;increment dptr mov a,r0 ;move data from r0 to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end 18. Program to find largest of n numbers mov r0,#10h ;move immediate data 10h to r0. mov a,@r0 ;move data from internal RAM location to a mov r2,a ;move data from a to r2 dec r2 ;decrement r2 inc r0 ;increment r0 mov a,@r0 ;move data from internal RAM location to a l2:push 0e0h ;save the content of a on stack inc r0 ;increment r0 subb a,@r0 ;subtract content of internal RAM location from a jnc down ;if no carry, jump to label down mov a,@r0 ; move data from internal RAM location to a

sjmp d1 ;jump to location d1 down:pop 0e0h ;pop a from stack d1:djnz r2,l2 ;decrement r2, if not zero, jump to location l2 inc r0 ;increment r0 mov @r0,a ;move data from a to internal RAM location here:sjmp here end 19. Program to convert ASCII to hex ASCII codes 30 to 39 represent 0 to 9 in binary and 41 to 46 represent A to F. Therefore if the ASCII code is between 30-39h then 30h is subtracted from the code. If the number lies between A to F then 37h is subtracted from the code to get its binary equivalent mov dptr, #9000h ;load dptr with address 9000h movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a clr c ;clear carry bit mov r1,a ;move data from a to r1 subb a,#40h ;subtract 40h from a jc l2 ;jump to location l2, if carry mov a,r1 ;move data from r1 to a subb a,#37h ;subtract with borrow, 37h from a

sjmp here ;jump to location here l2:mov a,r1 ;move data from r1 to a clr c ;clear carry bit subb a,#30h ;subtract with borrow, 30h from a here:inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location rep:sjmp rep end 20. Program to check whether a 4th bit of a byte is 1, Store FFh if 1, else store 00 in the same location mov dptr,#9000h movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a jnb 0e3h,down ;jump to location down, if 4th bit of a is set inc dptr ;increment dptr mov a,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location sjmp last ;jump to location last down:mov a,#0h ;move 00 to a inc dptr ;increment dptr

movx @dptr,a ; move data from a to external memory location last:sjmp last end 21. Program to add two BCD numbers mov dptr,#9000h ;move dptr with 9000h movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a mov b,a ;move data from a to b inc dptr ;increment dptr movx a,@dptr ; move data from external memory location to a add a,b ;add a and b da a ;decimal adjust accumulator after addition jc down ;if carry, jump to label down inc dptr ;increment dptr movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location sjmp last ;jump to label last down:mov r2,a ;move data from a to r2 mov a,#01h ;move data 01h to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location inc dptr ;increment dptr mov a,r2 ;move data from r2 to a

movx @dptr,a ;move data from external memory location to a last:sjmp last end 22.Program to find the square of an 8 bit number mov dptr,#9000h ;load dptr with 9000h movx a,@dptr ;move data from external memory location to a mov b,a ;move data from a to b mul ab ;multiply and b inc dptr ;increment dptr mov r0,a ;move data from a to r0 mov a,b ;move data from b to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location inc dptr ;increment dptr mov a,r0 ;move data from r0 to a movx @dptr,a ;move data from a to external memory location here:sjmp here end 23. Program to count from 0-9 here:mov a,#0h ;move 0 to a

up:mov p0,a ;move data from a to port0 acall delay ;call delay routine add a,#01 ;increment a cjne a,#010,up ;compare a with 10, if not equal, jump to location up sjmp here ;jump to location here ;delay routine delay:mov r1,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r1 l3:mov r2,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r2 l2:mov r3,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r3 l1:djnz r1,l1 ;decrement r1, repeat till r1=0 djnz r3,l2 ;decrement r3,repeat l2 till r3=0 djnz r2,l3 ;decrement r2, repeat l3 till r2=0 ret ;return end 24. Program to implement BCD counter to count from 0-99 here:mov a,#0h ;move 0 to a up:mov p0,a ;move data fr acall delay ;call delay program inc a ;increment a

da a ;decimal adjust accumulator after addition cjne a,#100,up ;compare a with 100, if not equal, jump to location up sjmp here ;jump to location here delay routine delay:mov r1,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r1 l3:mov r2,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r2 l2:mov r3,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r3 l1:djnz r1,l1 ;decrement r1, repeat till r1=0 djnz r3,l2 ;decrement r3,repeat l2 till r3=0 djnz r2,l3 ;decrement r2, repeat l3 till r2=0 ret ;return end 25;Program to implement BCD counter to count from 99-0 here:mov b,#99h ;move 99h to b up:mov a,b ;move data from b to a add a,#99h ;add 99h to a da a ;decimal adjust accumulator after addition mov b,a ;move data from b to a mov p0,a ;move data from a to p0

acall delay ;call delay routine mov a,b ;move data from b to a cjne a,#0ffh,up ;compare a with 0ffh, if not equal , jump to location up sjmp here ;jump to location here delay routine: delay:mov r1,#25h ;move 25h to r1 l3:mov r2,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r2 l2:mov r3,#0ffh ;move 0ffh to r3 l1:djnz r3,l1 ;decrement r3, jump if not equal to 0 to l1 djnz r2,l2 ;decrement r2, jump if not equal to 0 to l2 djnz r1,l3 ; decrement r1, jump if not equal to 0 to l3 ret end 26. Program to generate 50msec delay mov tmod,#01 ;select timer 0 here:mov tl0,#0fdh ;load tl0 with 0fdh mov th0,#4bh ;load th0 with 4bh cpl p1.5 ;compliment p1.5 acall delay ;call delay routine

sjmp here ;jump to here delay:mov r1,#0c8h ;load r1 with data 0c8h l1:setb tr0 ;set bit tr0 again:jnb tf0,again ;repeat till tf0=0 clr tr0 ;clear tr0 clr tf0 ;clear tf0 djnz r1,l1 ;decrement r1, jump to l1, if not equal to 0 ret end Part B: Interfacing programs 1.Write a C program to display the code of the key pressed #include <REG51xD2.H> #include "lcd.h" unsigned char getkey(); void delay(unsigned int); main() { unsigned char key; InitLcd(); /* Initialise LCD */

WriteString("Key Pressed="); while(1) { GotoXY(12,0); key = getkey(); } } unsigned char getkey() { unsigned char i,j,k,indx,t; P0=0x0ff; P1=0x0ff; P2 = 0x00; indx = 0x00;

/* Display msg on LCD */

/* Set Cursor Position */ /* Call Getkey method */

/* P2 as Output port */ /* Index for storing the first value of

scanline */ for(i=0x00E;i>=0x00B;i<<=1) { P2 = i; t = P0; t = ~t; /* write data to scanline */ /* Read readlines connected to P0*/ /* for 4 scanlines */

if(t>0) {

/* If key press is true */

delay(6000);

/* Delay for bouncing */ /* Check for 8 lines */

for(j=0;j<=7;j++) { t >>=1; if(t==0) { k = indx+j; t = k>>4; t +=0x30; WriteChar(t); t = k & 0x0f; if(t > 9) t+=0x37; else t+=0x30; WriteChar(t); return(indx+j); }

/* if get pressed key*/

/* Display that by converting to Ascii */

/* Write upper nibble */

/* write lower nibble */ /* Return index of the key pressed */

} } indx += 8; } } void delay(unsigned int x) /* Delay routine */ { for(;x>0;x--); } 2.Elevator Interface #include <REG51F.H> void delay(unsigned int); main() { unsigned char Flr[9] = {0xff,0x00,0x03,0xff,0x06,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x09}; unsigned char FClr[9] = {0xff,0x0E0,0x0D3,0xff,0x0B6,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x79}; unsigned char ReqFlr,CurFlr = 0x01,i,j; P0 = 0x00; P0 = 0x0f0; while(1) /* If no key pressed increment index */

{ P1 = 0x0f; ReqFlr = P1 | 0x0f0; while(ReqFlr == 0x0ff) ReqFlr = P1 | 0x0f0; /* Read Request Floor from P1 */ ReqFlr = ~ReqFlr; if(CurFlr == ReqFlr) /* If Request floor is equal to Current Floor */ { P0 = FClr[CurFlr]; continue; } else if(CurFlr > ReqFlr) /* If Current floor is > request floor */ { i = Flr[CurFlr] - Flr[ReqFlr]; /* Get the no of floors to travel */ j = Flr[CurFlr]; for(;i>0;i--) { P0 = 0x0f0|j; j--; delay(25000); /* Move the indicator down */ /* Clear Floor Indicator */

/* Go up to read again */

} } else { i = Flr[ReqFlr] - Flr[CurFlr]; /* Get the no of floors to travel */ j = Flr[CurFlr]; for(;i>0;i--) { P0 = 0x0f0 | j; j++; delay(25000); } } CurFlr = ReqFlr; P0 = FClr[CurFlr]; } } void delay(unsigned int x) { for(;x>0;x--); /* Update Current floor */ /* Clear the indicator */ /* Move the indicator Up */ /* If Current floor is < request floor */

} 3.Stepper motor interface #include <REG51xD2.H> static bit Dir=0; void delay(unsigned int x) { for(;x>0;x--); } void ChangeDir(void) interrupt 0 /* Int Vector at 000BH, Reg Bank 1 */ { Dir = ~Dir; ClrLcd(); if(Dir) delay(32000); else delay(32000); } main() { unsigned char Val,i; /* Complement the Direction flag */ /* Delay Routine */

EA=0x1; EX0=0x1; ES=0x1;

/* Enable Interrupt flag and Interrupt 0 & Serial Interrupt */

P0=0x00; /*since the monitor is using the serial interrupt it has to be enabled*/ while(1) { if(Dir) { Val = 0x88; for(i=0;i<4;i++) { P0 = Val; /* Write data for clock wise direction*/ /* If Dir Clockwise */

Val = Val>>1; delay(575); } } else { Val = 0x11; /* AntiClockwise Direction */

for(i=0;i<4;i++) { P0 = Val; /* Write data for anticlock wise direction*/

Val = Val<<1; delay(575); } } } } 4. Seven segment display #include<stdio.h> #include <REG51.H> void delay(int g); int port[20] = {0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, 0xc6,0x86,0xc7,0x86, 0xbf,0xc0,0xde,0x87, 0xbf,0x92,0x91,0x92, 0x92,0xc8,0x86,0x87},i; void main(){ int d,b,j,k,s;

while(1){ i=0; for(d=0;d<5;d++) { for(b=0;b<4;b++) { k=port[i++]; for(j=0;j<8;j++){ s=k; s=s&0x80; if(s==0x00) P1= 0x00; else P1=0x1; P2 = 0x1; P2=0x00; s=k; s=s<<1; k=s; }

} delay(10000); delay(10000); } } } void delay(int g) { int h; for(h=0;h<=g;g++) { ; } } 6. Dual DAC, square wave #include <REG51xD2.H> #include "lcd.h" sbit Amp = P3^3; /* Port line to change amplitude */ sbit Fre = P3^2; /* Port line to change frequency */

void delay(unsigned int x) /* delay routine */ { for(;x>0;x--); } main() { unsigned char on = 0x7f,off=0x00; unsigned int fre = 100; InitLcd(); /* Initialize LCD */ /* Write to LCD */

WriteString("Squarewave"); while(1) { if(!Amp) { while(!Amp); on+=0x08; } if(!Fre) { if(fre > 1000)

/* if user choice is to change amplitude */

/* wait for key release */ /* Increase the amplitude */

/* if user choice is to change frequency */

/* if frequency exceeds 1000 reset to default */

fre = 100; while(!Fre); fre += 50; } P0=on; P1=on; delay(fre); P0 = off; P1 = off; delay(fre); } } 7. Dual DAC, triangle wave #include <REG51xD2.H> #include "lcd.h" main() { unsigned char i=0; InitLcd(); /* Initialise LCD */ /* Display on LCD */ /* clear port */ /* write amplitude to port */ /* wait for key release */ /* Increase the frequency */

WriteString("Triangular Wave");

P0 = 0x00; while(1) {

/* P0 as Output port */

for(i=0;i<0xff;i++){ P1 = i; P0 = i; } for(i=0xfe;i>0x00;i--) {P0 = i; P1 = i;} } }

/* Generate ON pulse */

/* Generate OFF pulse */

8. Dual DAC, RAMP wave #include <REG51xD2.H> main() { unsigned char i=0; P0 = 0x00; while(1) { for(i=0;i<0xff;i++) /* P0 as Output port */

{ P1 = i; P0 = i; } P0 = 0; P1 =0; } } Microcontroller Lab Question Bank 1. Write an ALP to add, subtract, multiply and divide 2 8 bit numbers 2. Write an ALP to transfer a block of data from one location to another location 3. Write an ALP to exchange two blocks of data stored in memory. 4. Write an ALP to add/subtract 2 16 bit numbers 5. Write a program to add two BCD numbers 6. Write a program to count the number of 1s in a given data byte. 7. Write a program to check whether the 4th bit of a byte is 0. Store FF if it 1.Else store 00 in the same location 1. Write an ALP to multiply a 16 bit number by an 8 bit number 2. Write a programto find the average of 10 numbers 3. Write an ALP to find the square of a given number 4. Write an ALP to find the cube of a given number 5. Write an ALP to arrange a set of data in ascending/descending order 6. Write a program to find the GCF of two numbers 7. Write a program to generate Fibonacci series. 8. Write a program to find LCM of two numbers 9. Write a program to search an element in an array of N numbers 10. Write an ALP to find the largest of N numbers.

11. Write an ALP to implement BCD counter to count from 0-9 12. Write a program to implement BCD counter to count from 9-0 13. Write a program to implement BCD counter to count from 99-00 14. Write a program to implement BCD counter to count from 00-99 15. Write a program to to convert a hexadecimal number to ASCII number 16. Write a program to convert hexadecimal number to a decimal number. 17. Write a program to convert an ASCII number to hexadecimal number 18. Write a program to convert a BCD to ASCII number. 19. Write a program to convert an ASCII number to BCD number 20. Write a program to generate a delay of 50ms. 21. Write a C program to interface Alphanumeric LCD panel and Hex keypad input to 8051 22. Write a program to generate Square wave using DAC interface to 8051. 23. Write a program to generate Triangular wave using DAC interface to 8051. 24. Write a program to generate Ramp wave using DAC interface to 8051. 25. Write a program to generate Sine wave using DAC interface to 8051. 26. Write a C program to rotate Stepper motor in clockwise direction. 27. Write a C program to rotate stepper motor in anticlockwise direction. 28. Write a C program to interface Elevator to 8051. 29. Write a C program to display a string on seven segment display interface