EMBASSY OF INDIA SCHOOL, MOSCOW

Class XII ATOMS AND NUCLEI

1. Calculate the radius of the smallet orbit of a hydrogen atom. 2. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of hydrogen atom is -3.4 eV, what is its kinetic energy? 3. Define atomic mass unit (a.m.u). Writeb the energy equivalent of atomic mass unit in MeV. 4. What is the Bohr quantisation condition for the angular momentum of an electron in the second orbit? 5. Name the series of hydrogen spectrum lying in the ultraviolet region. 6. Name the reaction which takes place when a sloe neutron beam strikes 92U235 nuclei. Write the nuclear reaction involved. 7. The wavelengths of some of the spectral lines obtained in hydrogen spectrum are 9546 A, series? 8. How is the radius of a nucleus related to its mass number? 9. What will be the ratio of the radii of two nuclei of mass number A1 and A2? 10. What is the source of stellar energy? 11. What causes nulear winter? 12. Define half life and mean life of a radioactive substance. 13. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency? 14. Define the binding energy of nucleus and mass defect. 15. Why is heavy water used as moderator in a nuclear reactor? 16. Define activity of a radionuclide and disintegration constant .write its S.I unit. 17. Explain the origin of spectral lines of hydrogen using Bohrs theory. 18. Explain the term Chain reaction . What are functions of moderator and control rods in a nuclear reaction? 19. Write two important characteristics of nuclear forces. 6463 A and 1216 A. Which one of these wavelengths belongs to Lyman

20. Prove that the density of matter in nuclei is independent of mass number A. 21. Name two radioactive elements which are not found in observable quantities in nature.Why is it so? 22. State the law of radiactive decay.Derive the relation N = N o e t for a radioactive decay. Obtain the between disintegration constant and half life, 23. Draw the graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with the mass number of different nuclei.Using it, explain the terms nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. 24. Draw a garph showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation.Indicate the regions in which nuclear force is (i) attractive, and (ii) repulsive. 25. (a) Draw the energy level diagram showing the emission of particles followed by rays by a 27 Co 60 nucleus. (b) Plot the distribution of kinetic energy of beta particles and state why the energy spectrum is continuous. 26. Explain, with the help of a nuclear reaction in each of the following cases, how the neutron to proton ratio changes during (i) alpha decay (ii) beta decay. 27. Prove that the radius of the nth Bohr orbit of an atom is directly proportional to n 2, where n is the principal quantum number. 28. State Bohrs postulates. Using these postulates derive an expression for the total energy of an electron in the nth orbit of an atom. What does the negative value of energy signify? 29. Draw a labelled digram of alpha particle scattering experiment. Give Rutherfords observation and discuss significance of this experiment .Obtain the expression which helps us to get an idea of a size of a nucleus, using this observation. 30. Explain the nuclear reactor in detail with a neat labelled digram. **********************************************************************

Shri.S.KUMAR, PGT(Physics), Embassy of India School, Moscow.

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